by Fred Pearce
Indonesia, 33, 36, 165–78, 250, 268, 192, 200, 205; and oil palm, 85, 87, 89, 158; and REDD, 267–68
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 135
International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), 294. See also Watson, Bob
International Finance Corporation (IFC). See World Bank
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 296
International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 203
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 299
International Investment Agreements (IIAs), 102–3
International Land Coalition, 147
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 296
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 23, 173
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 199, 285
irrigation, 29–34, 36–37, 49, 56, 72, 95, 144, 203, 236, 239–40, 292, 299, 239, 240, 292, 299, 300; in Gambella, 5, 7; in Mali, 203, 271–80; in Saudi Arabia, 29–31
Ishir people, 137–38
Israel, 7, 43, 112, 248, 249, 283
Jaeger, Theo de, 234–35
Jamaica, 142, 202, 241
Jannat Agricultural Investment, 32
Jantzen, Erik, 110
Jaoudi, Joseph, 81–82
Jarch Capital, 41–44
jatropha, 45, 87, 98, 243–44, 246–47, 249–51
JBS-Fribol, 116, 159
Jeddah, vii, 30, 33
Joemat-Pettersson, Tina, 234
John Deere tractors, 7, 38, 53, 61, 123
Jones, Paul Tudor, 210, 259
Jordan, 29, 283–84, 289
Kabeer, Prince Sultan Al, 30, 32
Kafue Flats, Zambia, 238–39
Kampar peninsula, Indonesia, 175–77
Karmorh, Rufus, 70–72, 77
Karuturi Global, 6–12, 14–16
Kazakhstan, 110
Keegan, Mark Fitzpatrick, 99
Keith, Minor, 142–43
Kenana sugar plantation, Sudan, 240
Kenya, viii, 9, 12, 36, 53–63, 83, 103, 214, 225–26, 246, 287, 298; conservation: 56, 60, 211–12, 226, 228, 248. See also Laikipia; Machakos; Nairobi
Khashoggi, Adnan, viii, 217
Khmer Rouge, 188, 189, 191, 193
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 97
Khon Kaen Sugar, 193
Kidman Holdings, viii, 158
Kikuyu, 216
kob, white-eared, 14, 15, 47, 49
Koh Kong, Cambodia, 192–93, 195
Kondratiev Cycle, 95
Kouwenhoven, Guus van, 67–68
Kruger National Park, South Africa, 227, 231
Kurek, Anildo, 124, 126
Kuwait, 38, 240
Kyoto Protocol, 266
Laikipia, Kenya, 216–19
Landkom International, 107–8
Laos, vii, 35, 199–201
Lavongai (New Hanover), PNG, 183
Lay, Ward, 154
Leopold II, King of Belgium, 86, 145
Lever Brothers, 85–86, 89. See also Unilever
Levinsohn, Ronald, 122–23, 124
Lewa Conservancy, 217, 218–19
Lewis, Joe, 153
Liberia, vii, 65–79, 81–85, 160, 247, 288; Americo-Liberians, 65, 66, 70, 76–78; civil war, 65–68; conservation, 74, 229; forests, 67–69, 265; rubber, 69–72
Libya, 67, 76, 236, 275, 277–78, 280
logging, vii, 19, 86, 88, 144, 154, 160, 192, 239; in Central Africa, 263–65, 268; in Liberia, 67–68, 69, 76; in PNG, 181–84; in Sumatra, 165–69, 171–78
Loliondo Game Controlled Area, Tanzania, 211, 214
London, vii, 12, 16, 23, 36, 87, 116, 157, 172, 187, 203, 246, 291, 293, 296; London-based land grabbers: 81–84, 90, 93–98, 153, 201, 217, 243–45, 249, 266
Lope National Park, Gabon, 230
Lowveld Rhino Trust, Zimbabwe, 258
Luis Eduardo Magalhaes (LEM), Brazil, 123–24, 125, 127
Lundin, Adolf, 111
Lutz, Fernando, 120–21
Luxembourg, 78, 89, 94, 120
Ly Yong Phat, 187–94
Maasai, 209–20, 226, 287
MacBain, John McCall, 73, 74
Machakos, Kenya, 298–300
MacQuarie Agricultural Fund, 160
Madagascar, 202, 205, 231, 239, 248
Maggi, Blairo, 217–18
Malawi, 101, 227, 238, 297–98
Malaya, British imperial, 70, 199, 201
Malaysia, 36, 81, 83, 87–89, 157, 181, 183–4, 200, 250; Malays in Africa, 67, 69, 76, 85, 88, 160, 265. See also Malaya; Sarawak; Sime Darby; Tiong Hiew King
Mali, viii, 33, 75, 202, 203, 239, 271–81, 287, 298
Malibya project, 277–80
Maluleke, Titus, 259
mangoes, 4–5, 13, 57, 189, 194, 298
Manyara ranch, Tanzania, 215–16
Mapuche people, 152–53
Mariscal Estigarribia, Paraguay, 132
Marques, Flavio, 121–22
Martin, Claude, 225
Masters, Michael, 24, 26, 27
Matip, General Paulino and Gabriel, 41–43
Mato Grosso, Brazil, 117–18, 130
Mauritania, 21, 33–34, 224, 272, 287
Mauritius, 94, 238, 241
Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala, 144
Mayans, 143
Mayom, South Sudan, 42–45
McClure, David, 248
McGuckian, Alastair, 30
McKinsey & Co., 96
Mennonites, 132–135
Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate, Indonesia, 33
mercenaries, 142, 143, 225, 246
Mexico, 21, 132, 143–44, 151
Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), 276–77
Mimran, Jean-Claude, 239
Minin, Leonid, 67, 68
mining, 74–75, 99, 111, 172, 217, 247, 264
Mitr Phol, 192–93
Mobutu Sese Seko, 86, 89, 224
Mongolia, 205, 284
Monrovia, Liberia, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73–76, 78
Monsanto, 38, 126
Moonies, viii, 136–37, 154
Mopti, Mali, 273, 274, 279, 287
Morales, President Evo, 144–45
Morgan, J.P., 82, 93
Morgan Stanley, 25, 109
Morocco, 21, 284
Mozambique, 9, 21, 95, 101, 203–4, 243–47, 258, 266; Boers’ trek, 233–36, 238; Brazilians, 240, 288; green grab, 225, 227
Mubarak, President Hosni, 21, 240
Mugabe, President Robert, 255–59
Munden Lou, 26
Murrin, David, 93–96
Nairobi, Kenya, 12, 61, 217, 226, 249, 287, 296, 298, 300
Namibia, 225, 227, 236
Nature Conservancy, 161
Nechisar National Park, Ethiopia, 228, 229
New Britain Palm Oil Company, 81, 90, 245
New Forests Company, 266
New Tribes Mission, 134
New Zealand, 154, 160, 181, 203
Ngorongoro, Tanzania, 211, 213
Niassa National Park, Mozambique, 236
Nigeria, 33, 63, 68, 84, 89, 137, 239, 260, 265, 271, 299
Niger, inner delta, Mali, 271–81
Niger River, 239, 260, 271, 276, 278–79, 281
Nile River, viii, 7, 31, 41–42, 44, 47–49, 236, 240
Nile Trading and Development, 44, 46–47
Northern Territory, Australia, 157–58
Nuanetsi ranch, Zimbabwe,
257
Nuer, 4, 11–12, 42
Office du Niger, Mali, 274–80
oil palm, 100, 146, 158, 200, 201, 245; in Africa, 7–8, 45, 203, 263, 265; and biofuels, 250, 251–52; in Indonesia, 166, 168, 174, 268; ; in Liberia, 73, 81–90; in PNG, 182–83, 184
Olam, 88, 100, 159, 240, 265
Ol Pejeta ranch, Kenya, 216–17
Omot Ochan, x, 3, 5–6, 289
Ongwek, John Akieno, 58, 60–61
Operation Lock, 225, 227
Oppenheimer family, viii, 231
Oriental Timber, 67–68
Orlov, Michel, 111
Oromo and Oromia, Ethiopia, 286–87
Ortello Business Corporation, 211–12
Oxfam, ix, 76, 245, 266
Packer, Kerry, 157
Pakistan, 23, 32, 34–35, 37, 272
Palm Bay, Liberia, 81–85, 88
palm oil. See oil palm
Pantanal Swamp, Brazil, 136, 154
Papua New Guinea (PNG), 93, 95, 181–85, 188, 267
Paraguay, vii, viii, 129–39, 145, 154
Paraguay River, 135–38
Patagonia, vii, 149–54, 210, 230, 258
Patagonia Sur, 153–54
Payne, Susan, 93–96, 237
Peace Parks Foundation, 226–27
Pennington, Toby, 129–30
“perfect storm,” viii, 291
Peru, 144–45, 300
Pharos Finance Group, 37–38
Philippines, 21, 32, 33, 35, 36, 104, 202, 205, 268
Phnom Penh Sugar, 189
Pleistocene landscape, 209, 210, 213, 226, 288
Population Bomb (Paul Ehrlich), 22
Port Moresby, PNG, 181, 183, 184, 268
Precious Woods, 264
Procana, 247
pulp and paper manufacture, 165–68, 170–73, 175, 177–78, 268
Qatar, viii, 35–37, 111, 120, 159
Queensland, Australia, 158–60, 184
Quifel, Group, 89
Rastetter, Bruce, 38
Rautenbach, Billy, 257–58
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), 266–69
resource curse, 65, 68, 74, 77
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), 146–47
Rhodes, Cecil, 231, 258
Rhodesia, 84, 103, 217, 258. See also Zimbabwe
Riau, Indonesia, 165–75, 178
Rights and Resources Initiative, 225
Rimbunan Hijau, 181, 265. See also Tiong Hiew King
Rodrigues, Rodrigo, 119–20, 125
Romania, 30, 110
Roosevelt, Teddy, 209, 212
Rothschild, Lord, vii, 97, 115, 117, 120
Rougier, Francis, 263–64
Round Table for Responsible Soy, 118
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, 85, 87
Rowland, Tiny, 217, 238, 240
rubber, 85–86, 89, 145, 158, 165–66, 169, 176, 263; in Liberia, 66, 69–70, 73–74, 76–77, 79, 85; in Laos, 199–201
Rupert, Anton and Johann, 223–27, 230–31, 247
Russia, vii, 8, 27, 30, 97–98, 100, 109–12, 132–33, 142, 181, 205
Rwanda, 38, 227, 266
Sarawak, Malaysia, 36, 181, 183
Sarkozy, Nicolas, vii, 263–64
Saudi Arabia, vii, 5, 29–36, 38, 110, 217, 240, 283
Saudi Star, 5–6, 13, 15
Save Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe, 258–59
Schmidt-Soltau, Kai, 229–30
Schutter, Olivier De, 24, 293–94
Scoones, Ian, 255–57
Sekhon, Karmjeet, 6–8, 15
Senegal, 21, 33–34, 36, 203, 204, 239, 284
Senegal River, 33–34, 239
Serengeti National Park and ecosystem, Tanzania, 14, 15, 209–16, 226, 259
Shaw, Simon, 243, 245
sheep, 99, 256, 273, 283–34, 286, 299, 300; in Australia, 36, 157–59, 161; in Patagonia, 150–51, 154, 258.
shifting cultivation, 4, 12–14, 66, 169, 260, 268, 288
Sierra Leone, 89,99, 202, 240, 246
Siggs, James, ix, 90
SilverStreet Capital, 100–101
Sime Darby, 85, 87–88, 100
Sinar Mas, 85, 168–69
Singapore, 88, 159, 170, 183, 191, 203, 240, 265
Sirleaf, President Ellen Johnson, 68–69, 71, 76, 78, 82
Sivasankaran, Chinnakannan, 82
Slater, Jim, 97, 115, 120
SLC Agricola, 125
Soros, George, vii, 24, 96–97, 101, 120, 153, 240
South Africa, 48, 94–95, 101, 104, 203–4, 217, 246–7, 257, 280; Boers’ trek, 233–41, 275–76; green grabs, 209–10, 212, 223–27, 231, 259
South Korea, 69, 112, 117, 126–27, 136, 154, 159, 184, 204–5
South Sudan, viii, 3–4, 6, 14–15, 41–49, 63, 288
soy, 19, 20, 25, 87, 110, 202; in Africa, 13, 38, 56, 88, 99, 101, 144–45, 251, 288; in Brazil, 115, 117–19, 121–27, 129, 131
speculation in food markets, vii, ix, 19–20, 24–27, 93–94, 115, 255, 293
Spinks, Richard, 107, 109
squatters, 57, 70, 85, 123, 141, 225, 228–89, 244, 266, 300
Standard Bank, 102, 237
Stuewe, Michael, 174, 177
Sudan, vii, 4, 9, 11–12, 32–33, 35, 37, 42, 44–45, 236, 240, 284
Sudd wetland, South Sudan, 44, 47, 49
sugar, 20, 27, 109, 110, 143, 144, 159, 202; in Africa, viii, 7, 48, 236, 238–39, 240–41, 257–58, 275–76, 279, 286; as biofuel, 240, 247, 250–51; in Brazil, 36, 118–20, 250; in Cambodia, 187–96
Suharto, President, 167, 169, 170–73
Sumatra, vii, 165–78, 268
Sun Biofuels, 243–45, 247
Survival International, 134
Swaziland, 241
Tabuk Agricultural Development Company (TADCO), 29, 32
Tajikistan, 36
Tana delta, Kenya, 36, 248
Tanoto, Sukanto, 167, 170, 173, 177
Tanzania, 8, 37–38, 89, 101, 103, 204, 238, 266; biofuels: 244–45, 247–48; green grab, 209–16, 227, 230, 259
Tate & Lyle, 187, 193, 241
Taylor, Charles, 66–68, 69, 75, 76
tea, 13, 95, 101
teak, 47, 48
Teixeira, Tony, 246
Terra Firma, 97, 158
Tesso Nilo National Park, Indonesia, 174–77
Thailand, 23, 30, 33, 37, 192–93, 194, 200, 238
Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al, 35–36
Thatcher, Leonard Henry, 44–46
Thomson Safaris, 214
Tiong Hiew King, 160, 181–82, 265
Togo, 97–98
Tompkins, Doug and Kris, 149–52, 153, 258
Toure, President Amadou Toumani, 277–78
Trans-Chaco Highway, Paraguay, 132
Transvaal Agricultural Union, 237
Turkey, 36
Turner, Ted, 149, 151, 152, 226
Uganda, 236, 266
Ukraine, viii, 23, 36, 37, 67, 107–11, 132
Unilever, 85–86, 89–90, 103
Union of the Native Ayoreo of Paraguay, 131, 135
United Arab Emirates (UAE), 34–35, 36, 48, 109, 211
United Fruit, 142–43
United Nations, 49, 65, 220
UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 13
UN Commissioner for Human Rights, 193
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 26
UN Development Program (UNDP), 216, 300
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UN
ESCO), 213
UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 23, 34
UN Security Council, 68
urban agriculture, 300
Uruguay, 120, 136–38
US Agency for International Development (USAID), 147, 215
US Congress, 24
US Senate, 24, 26
Uzbekistan, 36
Vattenfall, 74
Vaughan-Smith, Guy, 100–102
Venezuela, 141
Vestey Group, 141
Victoria, Lake, viii, 7, 54–56, 210, 298
Vicwood Group, 265
Vietnam, 23, 32, 36, 137, 187, 200–201, 296
Virgin Islands, British, 97, 98, 231
Vlissingen, Paul van, 226, 227–28
Ward, Anthony “Chocfinger,” 97
water grabs, 33, 238, 271–81, 292
Watson, Bob, 294
Weston family, 238, 241
Wetlands International, 280
Widjaja, Eka Tjipta, 167–68, 170, 173
Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 47, 154, 229
Wilmar, 88, 100, 159
Woertz, Eric, 37
World Bank, viii, 9, 23, 108, 117, 188, 268, 288, 291, 294, 295–96
World Development Movement, 26
World Food Program, 13, 22
World Land Trust, 130, 137, 154
World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 166, 174, 177, 213, 216, 223–27, 229, 230
Yaguerete Pora, 134–35
Yala Swamp, Kenya, 53–63, 83
Yaligimba, DRC, 85, 87, 89
Zambia, 9, 30, 95, 101, 204, 227, 228, 233, 236, 238–39, 298
Zemurray, Samuel, 142–43
Zenawi, President Meles, 5, 9, 248
Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment (ZTE), 88, 203
Zimbabwe, viii, 84, 95, 101, 137, 150, 203, 227, 247, 255–60, 264; white farmers move to Nigeria, 260
Zoellick, Robert, 23–24
Zuma, President Jacob, 236, 239
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