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The Man Who Loved China

Page 33

by Simon Winchester


  Hanzhong, China, 110

  Hardy, G. H., 68

  Hardy, William Bate, 19, 26, 169, 221

  harness, Chinese breast-strap, 184

  Harrisson, Tom, 32

  Hay, John, 8

  Hedin, Sven, 73

  Herbert, A. P., 32

  Hexi corridor, 126

  Hill, A. V., criticism of Joseph Needham due to his biological warfare report, 210

  Hills of the Singing Sands, 129

  Hinshelwood, Cyril, 224

  HMS Amethyst incident, 142n.29

  Hogg, George, 73n.15

  on Rewi Alley, 117

  trek with displaced Chinese children, 118n.24, 127n.27

  Holorenshaw, Henry (Joseph Needham pseudonym), 49n.11, 50

  Holst, Gustav, 29

  homosexual civil rights, Joseph

  Needham’s support for, 227, 233

  Hong Kong, 143, 149

  hookah, Joseph Needham’s, 232n.52

  Hoover, Herbert, 170

  Hopkins, Frederick Gowland (“Hoppy”), 20, 21, 35, 36, 37

  Hopkins, Barbara, 20

  horticulture, Chinese, 65–66

  Hua, Dr., 67, 68

  Huainanzi encyclopedia, 185

  Huang, Lettice, 81

  Huang Hsing-tsung “H.T.,” 82–88

  excerpts from writings by, 84, 85

  on northwestern China expedition with Joseph Needham, 103, 110, 125, 140, 141–42

  on southeastern China expedition with Joseph Needham, 144, 145, 147, 150, 151–55

  on Sichuan River trip, 85–93

  Huangpu River, 46

  Hummel, Arthur, 224

  Huxley, Julian, 32, 58, 179

  formation of UNESCO and role of, 162, 164, 166

  hydraulics, Chinese, 105–9

  Ignatiev, Semen, 212–13

  Important Matters of the Jade Chamber, 192

  Indusco, 113–14

  industry in World War II-era China, 112–14

  Inn of the Sixth Happiness, The (Aylward), 118n.24

  Institute of History, Lizhuang, China, 91

  Intelligence Research Department, British Foreign Office, 209–10

  International Folk Dance Congress (1934), 31

  International Physiological Conference (1954), 218

  International Red Cross, 204

  International Science Commission, 204, 211, 221

  inventions, Chinese. See also Appendix I

  abacus, 68, 70

  botany and horticultural, 61, 65–66, 155–56

  bridges, 11, 121–22, 185–86

  calipers, 187

  ceramics, 120

  chain drive, 185

  chess (game), Chinese xiangqi, 187

  compass, Chinese magnetic, 97, 183–84, 186

  fishing reel, Chinese, 186

  gimbals, 186–87

  gunpowder, Chinese, 92

  harness, breast-strap, 184

  iron, cast and wrought, 184–185

  kite, 187

  mathematics, 67–70

  plow and moldboard, 184

  printed books, 101–2, 131,

  138–39, 177

  puddling technique, iron, 195

  pump, square-pallet chain, 185

  rain gauge, 181

  rate of, 188

  rudder, sternpost, 186

  spinning wheel, 187

  star charts, 138, 263

  stirrup, 187–88

  surveyors’ marks, 188–89

  toilet paper, perfumed, 187

  type, movable, 177

  umbrella, 187

  wheelbarrow, 186

  iron, Chinese cast and wrought, 184–85

  irrigation projects, 106–9

  Isherwood, Christopher, 112

  Islam in China, 119

  Japan, 47–48, 53

  attacks on Chongqing by, 4–5, 76–77

  Battle of the Tennis Court against Britain, 155n.31

  biological experiments conducted on Chinese prisoners by, 202, 215

  invasion and occupation of China by, iv, 7, 46–48, 51, 63, 77–79, 112, 143, 155

  Joseph Needham’s expedition to Fuzhou and danger of approaching troops, 143–46, 149, 151–55

  Jialing House, 158

  Jialing River, 75

  Jiang Jie, 89–90

  Jiangxi, China, 158

  Jiao Yu (scholar), 199

  Jiayuguan, China, 126, 127, 128

  Jinghua University Radio Research Institute, 98

  Jiuquan space center, China, 264–65

  Johnson, Lyndon, 231

  Johnston, Reginald, tutor of last Chinese emperor Pu Yi, 250

  Jordan-Lloyd, Dorothy, 20

  Kaczynski, Ted (“Unabomber”) hears Joseph Needham’s lecture (1978), 238–39

  Kelly, William, 185

  Kennedy, Robert “Bobby,” 216, 231

  Khrushchev, Nikita, 213, 214

  Kim Il Sung, 213

  King, Gordon, 83

  King, Martin Luther, Jr., 231

  kite, Chinese, 187

  Knatchbull-Hugessen, Hughe Montgomery, 48

  Korean War, accusations against U.S. of biological warfare during, 199–212

  final report (1952) on, 207–8

  Joseph Needham joins team to investigate, 203–8

  Joseph Needham’s hostile reception from press and U.S. authorities, 208–12

  Joseph Needham’s reputation damaged for investigating, 214–16, 220

  role of Soviets in, 204, 212–14

  Koo, Wellington, 58

  Kühnert, Franz, on Chinese astrology, 263

  Kunming, Yunnan Province, J. Needham’s visit to, 61–71

  Labour Party, British, 31

  Lam, Mary, 244

  Lansbury, George, 32

  Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China, 121, 122–25, 140, 141, 158

  Lascelles, Alan, 197

  Laski, Harold, 32 Last Emperor, The (film), 250n.54

  Lattimore, Owen, 140

  Lawrence of Arabia (T. E. Lawrence), 114

  Ledo Road, 79

  Left Book Club, 49

  Lendrum-Vesey, W. T., 18

  Leonardo da Vinci, 218

  Levellers political movement, 49n.11

  Liao Hongying, 103, 105, 125

  marriage to Derek Bryan, and advocacy work for China, 142–43, 226

  Liberation Monument, Chongqing, 254

  Li Bing, 106, 108, 109

  Lieber, Alfred, 196

  Li Jun (engineer), 186

  Lin Sen, 106

  Lin Yutang, 46

  Li Xinheng, 122

  Li Yue-se (Joseph Needham’s Chinese name), 40, 41, 123n.26, 236

  Lizhuang, China, 91

  Long March, 98

  Lop Desert, 129

  Loushan, China, 85, 90

  Low, David, 32

  Luce, Henry, 47

  Luding Bridge, Dadu River, Sichuan Province, 186

  Lu Gwei-djen (scientist, second wife of Joseph Needham), 34–38, 116, 164, 177

  “concert of the concubinage” with Dorothy Needham, 239

  contribution to Science and Civilisation in China, 193, 195

  correspondence with Joseph Needham, 9, 64, 139, 158, 219–20

  declining health and death of (1991), 245–47

  estate disposition after death of, 248–49

  family and education of, 34–36

  first meeting and mutual attraction with Joseph Needham, 6, 37–38

  marriage to Joseph Needham (1989), 246–47

  personal library, 242–44

  photos of, 35, 246

  L. Picken complaint about Joseph Needham’s relationship with, 159–62

  relationship with Joseph Needham, 6, 37–38, 49–59, 55–56, 157–62, 228, 239

  visit to Chongqing (1982), 257

  work and career, 50, 218, 221

  Luo family, Chengdu, 84

  Luoyang, China, 131

  Luo Zhongshu, 50–51

  Lu Shih-kuo (father of Lu Gwei-djen), 2
47–48

  Macartney, Lord, British emissary to China (1792), 182, 258, 259

  McCarthy, Joe, U.S. senator, 210, 211

  MacDonald, Ramsay, 170

  Machina Carnis (D. Needham), 24n.3, 245

  McLaurin, Campbell, 33

  MacLehose, Murray, 149–51

  Ma Jun (Chinese engineer), 187

  Malenkov, Georgy, 213 Manchester Guardian, 224

  Mao Zedong (Chinese Communist leader), 22n.2, 40, 57, 58, 78, 94, 96, 142, 163, 176n.35

  establishment of People’s Republic and, 222–23, 226

  interaction with Joseph Needham about car and bicycle transportation in China, 236–37

  Patriotic Hygiene Campaign and, 201–2, 203

  photo with Zhou Enlai and Joseph Needham, 209

  policies of, 226–27, 234–37

  Martin, Kingsley, 32

  Mass Observation, 32

  mathematics, Chinese, 67–70

  Mead, Margaret, 64

  migrant workers, 255

  Milne, A. A., 32

  Ming dynasty, 126, 127, 176n.36, 188

  Ministry of Culture, China, 175

  Min River

  in Fujian Province, 148–49

  Qing-era irrigation project on, 106–9

  in Sichuan Province, 85, 88–89, 90

  Mogao cliffs and caves, 101, 130, 131, 132, 134

  Moonella Group, 22

  morris dancing, Joseph Needham’s interest in, 30–31, 116

  Moyle, Dorothy Mary. See Needham, Dorothy Moyle “Dophi”

  Murray, James, 230

  Muslims in China, 119

  Nanjing, China, 47, 51

  Nankai University, 51

  Nan Shan (Richthofen Range), 126

  National Council for Civil Liberties, 31, 32

  Nationalist government, China, 78–79, 96, 176n.35. See also Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist Chinese leader)

  in Taiwan, 225

  Nature, 235

  Needham, Alicia Adelaide Montgomery (mother of Joseph Needham), 12

  Needham, Arthur (uncle of Joseph Needham), 21

  Needham, Dorothy Moyle “Dophi” “Li Dafei”(scientist, first wife of Joseph Needham), 23–27, 124

  academic achievements of, 29n.4

  acceptance of Lu Gwei-djen by, 6, 38, 43, 49, 159, 177, 239

  book Machina Carnis, 24n.3, 245

  “concert of the concubinage” with Lu Gwei-djen, 239

  death of (1987), 244–45

  family and education of, 23–24

  marriage to Joseph Needham (1924), 23–28

  photo, 27

  trip to France with Joseph Needham (1954), 218–20

  visits to China made by, 14, 157, 162

  work and career of, 24

  Needham, Joseph (father of Joseph Needham), 12, 14

  Needham, Noël Joseph Terrence Montgomery “Joseph”

  awards and honors for, 28–29, 197, 238–40, 250, 251

  as advocate for China, 48–49, 50, 94–96, 225–28, 234–37

  begins study of Chinese language and culture, 38–45

  begins to question Mao’s policies in China, 234–37

  books and scholarly work by, 9, 28, 50 180, 211n.45 [see also Science and Civilisation in China (SCC)]

  at Cambridge University, diminished status of (1950s), 220–24

  at Cambridge University, restored status of (1960s and after), 228–32

  at Cambridge University as professor, 26–28, 166–73

  at Cambridge University as student, 4, 17–26

  car ownership, 31, 236n.53

  childhood, 11–16

  Chinese names of, 40, 41, 123n.26, 236

  clothing of, 68, 69

  correspondence with Lu Gwei-djen, 9, 64, 139, 158, 219–20

  damage to reputation of, over biological warfare report, 214–16

  Needham, Noël Joseph Terence Montgomery “Joseph”

  declining health and death of, 240–42, 249–52

  diplomatic mission to China [see Needham, Joseph, his British diplomatic mission to China (1942–1946)]

  dreams of, 123–24

  early education, 16

  eccentricities of, 147–48

  elected president of Caius College fellows (1959), 229–31

  excerpts from letters and diary by, 65, 75, 80, 82, 86, 87–88, 91–92, 98–99, 106–7, 110, 111, 119, 146, 152, 153, 154, 183, 233

  fascination with China, 6, 7, 45, 158, 225

  hookah owned by, 232n.52

  interest in morris dancing, 30–31, 116–17

  interest in nudism, 22–23

  interest in trains and boats, 16–17, 149

  letters and papers related to biological warfare investigations, 205n.44

  loneliness after death of Lu Gwei-djen, 249–50

  marriage to Lu Gwei-djen, 246–47

  marriage to Dorothy Moyle, 23–26, 27

  motor vehicles belonging to, 21–22, 31, 236n.53

  oil portrait of, 241

  others’ opinions of, 32–33

  parents, 11–12

  personal book and manuscript collection on Chinese culture and science, 151, 174–77, 194–95, 242–44, 248–49

  photos of, 13, 43, 69, 179, 209, 235

  L. Picken complaint about relationship between Lu Gwei-djen and, 159–62

  poetry of, 19–20

  relationship with Lu Gwei-djen, 37–38, 55–56, 157–62

  relationship with women, 23, 25–26, 81–82, 86, 145, 239

  religious views of, 13, 18–19, 23, 29–30, 233–34

  retirement of, 240

  return trips to China (1964, 1972), 234–37

  role in investigation of U.S. biological warfare in Korean War, 203–12

  socialist views and political activism of, 14, 16–17, 29, 31–33, 34, 48–49, 94–95, 223, 225–28, 231–32

  tenure with UNESCO, 162–166, 221

  traditionalism of, 232–33

  transliteration method due to typewriter belonging to, 178–79

  trip to France with Dorothy Needham (1954), 218–20

  unflagging support for communist People’s Republic of China from, 225–28

  visit to Chongqing (1982), 257

  Needham, Joseph, his British diplomatic mission to China (1942–1946), 3, 6, 7, 50–60, 61–132

  arrival in Chongqing (1943), 1–6, 9–10, 71–77

  British government’s decision in support of, 53–54

  collaboration with Huang Hsing-tsun “H.T.,” 82–85 (see also Huang Hsing-tsun “H.T.”)

  diplomatic mission tasks of, 54, 77–80, 85–96, 98–99

  expedition to China’s northwest, 100–43

  expedition to China’s southeast, 143–55

  expedition to China’s southwest, 155–57

  preparations for first trip to China, 54–60

  purposes of expeditions, 97–132

  Sino-British Scientific Cooperation Office created for, 54, 74, 79 [see also Sino-British Scientific Cooperation Office (SBSCO)]

  visit to Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 81–92

  visit to Kunming, Yunnan Province, 61–71

  Needham Question regarding Chinese science and technology, 37–38, 57, 157, 190, 222, 259–62

  Needham Research Institute, opening of (1987), 244

  Neijiang, China, 106

  New Left Review Club, 227

  New Life Movement, 128

  New Scientist, 224

  New York Times, 210, 224

  Nixon, Richard, decision to ban use of biological weapons, 203n.43

  Noel, Conrad Le Despenser Roden, 29–30, 233

  Northern Zhou dynasty, 136

  North Korea, accusations of U.S. use of biological warfare made by, 199–212

  Northwestern University, Illinois, Joseph Needham lectures at (1978), 238

  nudism, Joseph Needham’s interest in, 22–23

  Observer, The, 224

  Ode to the Chemical Laboratories of Cambridge (Joseph Needham), 19, 20

&nb
sp; Ogden, Alwyn, 64, 154

  Olympic Games (1936), 31, 33

  oracle bones, Shang dynasty, 91–92

  Oratory of the Good Shepherd, 23

  Order of the Brilliant Star with Cravat awarded to Joseph Needham, 197–98, 239, 247

  O’Toole, Peter, 250n.54

  Oundle boarding school, 16, 20

  Oxford English Dictionary, 230

  Pascal, Blaise, 70

  Patey, Antoinette, 20

  Patriotic Hygiene Campaign, China, 201–2

  Pauling, Linus, Joseph Needham’s support for, 227

  Payne, Robert, 76–77, 103

  Peking (Beijing), 128, 225

  Peiping Academy, 98

  People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 264

 

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