Athena and, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
name of
on Parthenon frieze, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, epi.1
prayer, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
movement and expenditure of energy as, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
Parthenon frieze as, prl.1, 5.1
Priam, King of Troy, 5.1, 6.1
priesthoods, 2.1, 3.1
Princeton Painter, 7.1, 7.2
procession, see Panathenaia: procession of
Prokne
Prokris, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
Promania
Prometheus, 1.1, 7.1
property and land ownership in Athens, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 7.1
Propylaia, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
Protagoras
proto-Corinthian columns, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2
see also akanthos
Protogeneia, 4.1, 7.1
Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica
Ptolemy I, King of Egypt
public cemetery (demosion sema), 1.1
Putin, Vladimir
Pyrrha, 1.1, 6.1
pyrrhike
Pyrrhos, 6.1, 7.1
pyrrichos, 7.1, 7.2
Pythaia, Pythian Festival and Games, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2
see also Delphi
Pythaistai
Pythia, 6.1, 6.2
Python
“Queen of the Night,” Burney relief, 7.1, 7.2
racism
radical democracy, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Randolph, Bernard
Recherches de Papyrologie
regulae
religion, prl.1, prl.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3
and Athenian democracy, 3.1, 7.1
as embedded in all things, 7.1, 8.1
Renfrew, Lord
Revett, Nicholas, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1
Antiquities of Athens: Measured and Delineated
Rhea, 2.1, 2.2
Rhegium
Rhodes, Cecil
Ridgway, Brunilde, 5.1, 7.1
Riedesel, Johann Hermann von
Rigveda
ritual, prl.1, prl.2, prl.3, prl.4, prl.5, prl.6, prl.7, prl.8, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, epi.1
river nymphs (naiads), 1.1, 5.1
Robertson, Martin
Robertson, Noel
role-reversing practices
Roman Empire
Roux, Georges, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Roxane
Royal Institute of British Architects
Royal Society, 5.1, 5.2, epi.1
Rykwert, Joseph
sacred laws, 4.1, 4.2
Sacred Way, 1.1, 7.1
Athens, from city gate to Acropolis, see Panathenaic Way
from Athens to Eleusis, 1.1, 1.2, 7.1
at Delphi, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1
from Sparta to Amyklai
sacrifice, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1
of Andromeda, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
animal, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
for common good, self-sacrifice, prl.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 8.1, epi.1
of daughters of Antipoinos, 4.1, 4.2
of daughters of Orion
depicted on Parthenon frieze, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 7.1
of the Erechtheidai (daughters of Erechtheus), 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.1, epi.1
human, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, epi.1
of Iphigeneia, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, epi.1
of Makaria (daughter of Herakles), 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2
of Persian princes
of Polyxena, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
prebattle (sphagion), 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
thanksgiving, 5.1, 6.1
virgin, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 7.1, epi.1
St. Clair, William, 8.1, epi.1
Saint George Alexandrinos
Saint Nikolaos
Saint Paraskevi
Saisara
Salamis, Battle of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
Samian War
Samos, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1
“Sandalbinder”
Saronic Gulf, 1.1, 1.2
Sarti, Pietro Angelo
Scherer, Jean
Schliemann, Heinrich
Scholl, Andreas
Second Bank of the United States
Second Macedonian War
Sejid Abdullah Kaimmecam
Selene, in east pediment of Parthenon, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 8.1
on north metopes of Parthenon, 3.1, 3.2
Seleukos
Selinos, King of Aigialeia
Semnai
Semper, Gottfried
serpents, snakes, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Severe style, in Greek sculpture
Sextus Julius Africanus
shields, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
displayed on Parthenon architrave, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
Shroud of Turin
shrouds (entaphion), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, epi.1
Sicily, 2.1, 6.1
Sikelianos, Penelope
silver mines
Simos, priest of Athens, 5.1, 5.2
simultaneous narrative
Siphnian Treasury, 5.1, 5.2
Sisyphos
Sixth Ottoman-Venetian War, prl.1, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3
skaphai, 5.1, 5.2
skaphephoroi (tray bearers), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
honey carried by, 5.1, 5.2
skyphos, 1.1, 7.1
Skyphos Sanctuary, 1.1, 7.1
Skyros
slavery, 1.1, 2.1
Snodgrass, Anthony, 5.1, 6.1
Sokrates, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 8.1, epi.1
Solon, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.1, 7.1
Sophokles
Andromeda
Iphigeneia
Kreousa
Polyxena, 4.1, 5.1
Sorbonne
Sorbonne Papyrus 2328, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1
Sostratos
Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane
south slope, Acropolis, of, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, epi.1, nts.1
South Slope Spring, 1.1, 1.2
Spaeth, Barbette
Sparta, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 8.1, 8.2
culture of
sphagion(ia), 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Sphakteria, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1
Sphinxes
at Aegina
at Cyrene
Naxian Sphinx, 6.1, 6.2
Sphinx on Archaic Acropolis
spondophoroi
spring nymphs, 1.1, 1.2
springs, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 3.1
stadion
Steichen, Edward, 7.1, 7.2
stephane
Sterope, Queen, 5.1, 5.2
Stesichoros, Song of Geryon
Stobaeus
Stoicism
stools, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Strabo, 1.1, 3.1, 6.1
strategoi, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
Strefi Hill, 1.1, 1.2
strophes
Stuart, James, 5.1, 8.1
Antiquities of Athens: Measured and Delineated
stylobate
Styx
suicide, 1.1, 4.1
of daughters of Kekrops, 4.1, 4.2
of Nero
of older daughters of Erechtheus, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 7.1, epi.1
Sumerians
Supreme Court Building, U.S.
swaddling clothes, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1
synoris, 7.1, 7.2
Tanagra, Battle of,
3.1, 6.1
Tarentum
Tartaros, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Telephos, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6
Telephos frieze, Pegamon, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
teletarches
temples, prl.1, 6.1, 6.2
decoration of
orientation of
tethrippon
Tethys, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
tetradrachms, 7.1, 7.2
Teuthras
Thales of Miletos
thallophoroi (elders), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 6.1
Theagenes
Theano
Theater of Dionysos, Athens, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Thebes, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2
Themis
Themistokles, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2
Themistoklean walls, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1
Theodosios I, Roman Emperor, closing of temples by, prl.1, 7.1
Theophrastos
Theotokos Atheniotissa
Theoxenia
Thermopylai, Battle of, 2.1, 6.1
Theseion (Hephaisteion), 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, nts.1
Theseus, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
thetes (laborers), 1.1, 2.1
Thetis
Thompson, Homer
Thrace, 2.1, 3.1
Thracians
Thrasyllos
Thriasion Plain, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
Thuban (Alpha Draconis)
Thucydides (historian), 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1
Peloponnesian War, 3.1, 7.1
Thucydides (son of Melesias)
Thyechoos
Thyia
Timarchos
Timiades Painter, 5.1
Timokrite
Timomachos
Tirumalai Nayak
Tiryns
Titans, Titanomachy, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 7.1, 8.1
tomb(s), 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
tombs and temples prl.1, 6.1, 6.2
topography, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, epi.1
Tourkovounia Hill
tragedoeia
Transfiguration of the Savior, Church of
treasurer
treasury, of Athens
Treasury Building, U.S.
Tréheux, Jacques, 6.1, 6.2
triglyphs, 3.1, 3.2
Triptolemos
Tritogeneia, 1.1, 3.1
Triton, son of Poseidon, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Tritones, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4
Tritonis (nymph)
Tritonis, Lake
Triton river
Trojans
Trojan War, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1
on north metopes of Parthenon, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1
Troy, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2
Tschumi, Bernard
Tydareos, King, 5.1
Typhon (Typhoeus), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.1, 8.1
tyranny, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2
ululation, see ololugmata
“universal museum,” 346, epi.1, epi.2, epi.3
Utnapishtim
vases and vessels, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9
see also amphora(e)
Vedas, 2.1, epi.1
Venizelos, Evangelos
Venus rings
Vernon, Francis, 5.1, epi.1
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène Emmanuel
Virgin Mary, 1.1, 7.1, epi.1
virgin sacrifice, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 7.1, epi.1
Virgo
Visigoths
Vitruvius
votive objects, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1
Walhalla, Bavaria, prl.1, prl.2
war, warfare, prl.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
Ares as god of
Athena as goddess of, 1.1, 1.2
Athenians vs. Atlantids
booty from, dedicated in sanctuaries, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 8.1, 8.2
casualties of
centrality of
Corinth-Kerkyra
cosmic, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1
dedication of booty in sanctuaries, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Erechtheus vs. Eumolpos, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 6.1
First Gulf War
Greek War of Independence, prl.1, prl.2
Napoleonic
Peloponnesian, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Persian, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Romans vs. Parthians
Samian
Second Macedonian
Sparta vs. Amyklai
Trojan, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2
World War II
water, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1
water carriers (hydriaphoroi), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
weaving, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
weddings, marriage, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1
and death rituals
dresses for, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 7.1
Lapith, 3.1, 3.2
and virgin sacrifice
wells, on slopes of Acropolis, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6
Wen Jiabao
West, Martin, 2.1, 4.1
Westmacott, Richard, Sr., 8.1, 8.2
Wickham, Christopher
Wilson, Nigel
Winckelmann, Johann, prl.1, 8.1
winding sheets, see shrouds
women, 1.1, 7.1
burial of
citizenship and, 5.1, 7.1; see also Periklean citizenship law
heroism and
rights of
weaving by, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
Woolf, Virginia, epi.1, epi.2
The Diary of Virginia Woolf
Wordsworth, William
Working Group for the Preservation of the Acropolis Monuments
World War II
Wyatt, Lord
Xanthippos, 3.1, 3.2
Xanthos (horse)
Xeniades
Xenokrateia, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Xenophon, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 7.1
Xerxes, King of Persia, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1
Xouthos
Yeronisos
Zeno of Elea
Zephyr, 6.1, 6.2
zeugitai (teamsters), 1.1, 3.1
Zeus, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7
Altar of, at Pergamon, see Pergamon
Sanctuary of, at Athens, see Olympieion
Sanctuary of, at Olympia, Statue of Olympian Zeus
Temple of Olympian Zeus, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1
cave of (?), north slope, Athenian Acropolis
Zeus-Agamemnon
Zeus Astrapaios
Zeuxippe
Ziusudra
Illustration Credits
ill.1 Leo von Klenze, Ideal View of the Acropolis and the Areopagus in Athens, 1846. bpk, Berlin/Neue Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatgemaeldsammlungen, Munich/Art Resource, New York.
ill.2 Walhalla memorial, Regensburg, Bavaria, 1830–1842, Leo von Klenze, architect. Monika Häberlein.
ill.3 Nashville Parthenon, Centennial Park, Nashville, Tenn., 1920–1931. Metropolitan Government of Nashville/Gary Layda.
ill.4 Acropolis at dawn from west. © Robert A. McCabe, 1954–1955.
ill.5 Map of Attica. Matt Kania.
ill.6 Map of Athens. Matt Kania.
ill.7 Marble relief stele dedicated by Kephisodotos. Athens, National Archaeological Museum 1783. DAI Athens (NM 4018).
ill.8 Marble relief stele dedicated by Xenokrateia. Athens, National Archaeol
ogical Museum 2756. DAI Athens (NM 4019).
ill.9 View of the Acropolis from southwest. © Robert A. McCabe, 1954–1955.
ill.10 Prehistoric Acropolis. Matt Kania after John Travlos (1967).
ill.11 Parthenon with Mycenaean wall in foreground. Alison Frantz, American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
ill.12 Acropolis, north slope, caves A–D, from northwest. Kevin T. Glowacki, 2005.
ill.13 Cave of Apollo Hypo Makrais, from north. Kevin T. Glowacki, 2005.
ill.14 Reconstruction drawing of façade of Bluebeard Temple (Hekatompedon?). Manolis Korres.
ill.15 Bluebeard pediment (Hekatompedon?). Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.16 Herakles battling the Lernaean Hydra, small pediment. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.17 Erechtheion and foundations of Old Athena Temple. Alison Frantz, American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
ill.18 Athena slaying giant, Gigantomachy pediment, Old Athena Temple. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Nikos Danilidis.
ill.19 Athena from Gigantomachy pediment, Old Athena Temple. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.20 Charioteer from frieze (?), Old Athena Temple. Athens, Acropolis Museum. © Acropolis Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.21 Plan of Athenian Acropolis in 480 B.C. Angela Schuster after John Travlos (1967).
ill.22 Bronze Gorgon akroterion. Athens, Acropolis Museum NM 13050. © Acropolis Museum. Nikos Danilidis.
ill.23 Hypothetical visualization of Older Parthenon and Old Athena Temple in 480 B.C. D. Tsalkanis, www.ancientathens3d.com.
ill.24 Display of reused column drums, north fortification wall, Athenian Acropolis. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.25 Hypothetical visualization of surviving opisthodomos of Old Athena Temple with Erechtheion. D. Tsalkanis, www.ancientathens3d.com.
ill.26 Reconstruction drawing of Athenian Acropolis. Manolis Korres.
ill.27 Parthenon from northwest, 1987. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.28 Plan of Parthenon, showing outline of Older Parthenon beneath. Manolis Korres.
ill.29 Reconstruction drawing of Parthenon’s north peristyle with naiskos and altar by Manolis Korres.
ill.30 Curvature of krepidoma, north side of Parthenon. Socratis Mavrommatis.
ill.31 Reconstruction drawing of northeast cornice of Parthenon by Manolis Korres.
ill.32 Battle of Lapiths and Centaurs, south metopes, Parthenon. Nointel Artist and S. Mavrommatis. After C. Hadziaslani and S. Mavrommatis, Promenades at the Parthenon (2000), 136–37.
ill.33 East pediment, figures K, L, M. London. British Museum. Socratis Mavrommatis.
The Parthenon Enigma Page 64
