Anderson, P. K., and A. Birtles, 1978. Behaviour and ecology of the dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia): Observations in Shoalwater and Cleveland Bays, Queensland. Australian Wildlife Research 5: 1–23.
Andersson, M., 1994. Sexual Selection. Princeton University Press.
Andrade, M. C. B., 1996. Sexual selection for male sacrifice in the Australian redback spider. Science 271: 70–72.
————, 1998. Female hunger can explain variation in cannibalistic behavior despite male sacrifice in redback spiders. Behavioral Ecology 9: 33–42.
André, F, and N. Davant, 1972. L’autofecondation chez les lombriciens. Observation d’un cas d’autoinsemination chez Dendrobaena rubida f. subrubicunda Eisen. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 97: 725–28.
Andrés, J. A., and G. Arnqvist, 2001. Genetic divergence of the seminal signal-receptor system in houseflies: The footprints of sexually antagonistic coevolution? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 268: 399–405.
Anstett, M. C., M. Hossaert-McKey and F. Kjellberg, 1997. Figs and fig pollinators: Evolutionary conflicts in a coevolved mutualism. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12: 94–99.
Arnold, S. J., 1976. Sexual behavior, sexual interference, and sexual defense in the salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum, and Plethodon jordani. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 42: 247–300.
Arnqvist, G., 1992. Pre-copulatory fighting in a water strider: Inter-sexual conflict or mate assessment? Animal Behaviour 43: 559–67.
————, 1998. Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection. Nature 393: 784–86.
Arnqvist, G., M. Edvardsson, U. Friberg, and T. Nilsson, 2000. Sexual conflict promotes speciation in insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 97: 10460–64.
Ashton, G. C., 1980. Mismatches in genetic markers in a large family study American Journal of Human Genetics 32: 601–13.
Atkinson, W D., 1979. A comparison of the reproductive strategies of domestic species of Drosophila. Journal of Animal Ecology 48: 53–64.
Austad, S. N., and R. Thornhill, 1986. Female reproductive variation in a nuptial-feeding spider, Pisaura mirabilis. Bulletin/British Arachnological Society 7: 48–52.
Bacci, G., 1965. Sex Determination. Pergamon Press.
Bagemihl, B., 1999. Biological Exuberance. St. Martin’s Press.
Bailey J., 1997. Building a plasmodium: Development in the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum. BioEssays 19: 985–92.
Banta, A. M., 1914. Sex recognition and the mating behavior of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Biological Bulletin 26: 171–83.
Barker, D. M., 1992. Evolution of sperm shortage in a selfing hermaphrodite. Evolution 46: 1951–55.
————, 1994. Copulatory plugs and paternity assurance in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Animal Behaviour 48: 147–56.
Barratt, C. L. R., A. E. Bolton, and I. D. Cooke, 1990. Functional significance of white blood cells in the male and female reproductive tract. Human Reproduction 5: 639–48.
Bass, A., 1992. Dimorphic male brains and alternative reproductive tactics in a vocalizing fish. Trends in Neuroscience 15: 139–45.
Bass, A., and K. Andersen, 1991. Inter- and intrasexual dimorphisms in the vocal control system of a teleost fish: Motor axon number and size. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 37: 204–14.
Bateman, A. J., 1948. Intra-sexual selection in Drosophila. Heredity 2: 349–68.
Baur, B., 1998. Sperm competition in molluscs. In Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection, ed. T. R. Birkhead and A. P. Møller. Academic Press.
Baylis, J. R., 1981. The evolution of parental care in fishes, with reference to Darwin’s rule of male sexual selection. Environmental Biology of Fishes 6: 223–51.
Beatty, R. A., 1960. Fertility of mixed semen from different rabbits. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1: 52–60.
Beauchamp, G. K., K. Yamazaki, and E. A. Boyse, 1985. The chemosensory recognition of genetic individuality Scientific American 253 (July): 66–72.
Beer, A. E., J. F. Quebbeman, and J. W. T. Ayers, 1982. The immunobiology of abortion. In Immunological Factors in Human Reproduction, ed. S. Shulman, F. Dondero, and M. Nicotra. Academic Press.
Bell, G., 1982. The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality. University of California Press.
Bell, P D., 1979. Acoustic attraction of herons by crickets. New York Entomological Society 87: 126–27.
Berggren, M., 1993. Spongiocaris hexactinellicola, a new species of stenopodidean shrimp (Decapoda: Stenopodidae) associated with hexactinellid sponges from Tartar Bank, Bahamas. Journal of Crustacean Biology 13: 784–92.
Berglund, A., 1986. Sex change by a polychaete: Effects of social and reproductive costs. Ecology 67: 837–45.
Bernstein, H., F. A. Hopf, and R. E. Michod, 1988. Is meiotic recombination an adaptation for repairing DNA, producing genetic variation, or both? In The Evolution of Sex: An Examination of Current Ideas, ed. R. E. Michod and B. R. Levin. Sinauer.
Berry, J. F., and R. Shine, 1980. Sexual size dimorphism and sexual selection in turtles (Order Testudines). Oecologia 44: 185–91.
Bertelsen, E., 1951. The Ceratioid Fishes: Ontogeny, Taxonomy, Distribution and Biology. DANA-Report 39. Carlsberg Foundation.
Best, R. C., and V M. F. da Silva, 1989. Amazon river dolphin, Boto Inia geoffrensis (de Blainville, 1817). In Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. 4: River Dolphins and the Larger Toothed Whales, ed. S. H. Ridgway and R. Harrison. Academic Press.
Bierzychudek, P., 1981. Pollinator limitation of plant reproductive effort. American Naturalist 117: 838–40.
————, 1987. Pollinators increase the cost of sex by avoiding female flowers. Ecology 68: 444–47.
Birkhead, T. R., 1998. Cryptic female choice: Criteria for establishing female sperm choice. Evolution 52: 1212–18.
Birkhead, T R., F. Fletcher, E. J. Pellatt, and A. Staples, 1995. Ejaculate quality and the success of extra-pair copulations in the zebra finch. Nature 377: 422-23.
Birkhead, T R., A. P. Møller, and W J. Sutherland, 1993. Why do females make it so difficult for males to fertilize their eggs? Journal of Theoretical Biology 161: 51–60.
Birky, C. W, Jr., 1996. Heterozygosity heteromorphy and phylogenetic trees in asexual eukaryotes. Genetics 144: 427–37.
Blumer, L. S., 1979. Male parental care in the bony fishes. Quarterly Review of Biology 54: 149–61.
Boarder, A., 1968. Coldwater queries. Aquarist and Pondkeeper 33: 430–31.
Borgia, G., 1980. Sexual competition in Scatophaga stercoraria: Size- and density-related changes in male ability to capture females. Behaviour 75: 185–206.
————, 1981. Mate selection in the fly Scatophaga stercoraria: Female choice in a male-controlled system. Animal Behaviour 29: 71–80.
————, 1985a. Bower destruction and sexual competition in the satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 18: 91–100.
————, 1985b. Bower quality, number of decorations, and mating success of male satin bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus): An experimental analysis. Animal Behaviour 33: 266–71.
Borgia, G., and M. A. Gore, 1986. Feather stealing in the satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus): Male competition and the quality of display. Animal Behaviour 34: 727–38.
Bourgeron, T, 2000. Mitochondrial function and male infertility. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation 28: 187–210.
Bradbury, J. W, 1977. Lek mating behavior in the hammer-headed bat. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 45: 225–55.
Branch, G., and M. Branch, 1998. The Living Shores of Southern Africa. Struik.
Brandtmann, G., M. Scandura, and F Trillmich, 1999. Female-female conflict in the harem of a snail cichlid (Lamprologus ocellatus): Behavioural interactions and fitness consequences. Behaviour 136: 1123–44.
Brantley R. K., and A. H. Bass, 1994. Alternative male spawning tactics and acoustic signals in the pla
infin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus Girard (Teleostei, Batrachoididae). Ethology 96: 213–32.
Bremermann, H. J., 1980. Sex and polymorphism as strategies in host-pathogen interactions. Journal of Theoretical Biology 87: 671–702.
Bressac, C., A. Fleury, and D. Lachaise, 1994. Another way of being anisogamous in Drosophila subgenus species: Giant sperm, one-to-one gamete ratio, and high zygote provisioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Use 91: 10399–402.
Bristowe, W S., 1958. The World of Spiders. Collins.
Brockmann, H. J., and D. Penn, 1992. Male mating tactics in the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Animal Behaviour 44: 653–65.
Brooker, M. G., I. Rowley M. Adams, and P. R. Baverstock, 1990. Promiscuity: An inbreeding avoidance mechanism in a socially monogamous species? Behavorial Ecology and Sociobiology 26: 191–99.
Brooks, W R., and C. L. Gwaltney 1993. Protection of symbiotic cnidarians by their hermit crab hosts: Evidence for mutualism. Symbiosis 15: 1–13.
Brotherton, P. N. M., J. M. Pemberton, P. E. Komers, and G. Malarky, 1997. Genetic and behavioural evidence of monogamy in a mammal, Kirk’s dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 264: 675–81.
Brotherton, P. N. M., and A. Rhodes, 1996. Monogamy without biparental care in a dwarf antelope. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 263: 23–29.
Brown, D. H., and K. S. Norris, 1956. Observations of captive and wild cetaceans. Journal of Mammalogy 37: 311–26.
Bull, J. J., 1983. Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms. Benjamin/Cummings.
Bulmer, M. S., E. S. Adams, and J. F. A. Traniello, 2001. Variation in colony structure in the subterranean termite Retaculitermes flavipes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 49: 236–43.
Burd, M., 1994. Bateman’s Principle and plant reproduction: The role of pollen limitation in fruit and seed set. Botanical Review 60: 83–139.
Bürgin, U. E, 1965. The color pattern of Hermissenda crassicornis (Eschscholtz, 1831) (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia). Veliger 7: 205-15.
Burk, T., 1982. Evolutionary significance of predation on sexually signalling males. Florida Entomologist 65: 90–104.
Burley, N., G. Krantzberg, and P. Radman, 1982. Influence of colour-banding on the conspecific preferences of zebra finches. Animal Behaviour 30: 444–55.
Bush, S. L., and D. J. Bell, 1997. Courtship and female competition in the Majorcan midwife toad, Alytes muletensis. Ethology 103: 292–303.
Buskirk, R. E., C. Frohlich, and K. G. Ross, 1984. The natural selection of sexual cannibalism. American Naturalist 123: 612–25.
Butchart, S. H. M., N. Seddon, and J. M. M. Ekstrom, 1999. Yelling for sex: Harem males compete for female access in bronze-winged jacanas. Animal Behaviour 57: 637–46.
Butlin, R. K., I. Schön, and K. Martens, 1999. Origin, age, and diversity of clones. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12: 1020–22.
Butlin, R. K., C. W Woodhatch, and G. M. Hewitt, 1987. Male spermatophore investment increases female fecundity in a grasshopper. Evolution 41: 221–25.
Bygott, J. D., B. C. R. Bertram, and J. P. Hanby 1979. Male lions in large coalitions gain reproductive advantages. Nature 282: 839–41.
Byrne, P. G., and J. D. Roberts, 1999. Simultaneous mating with multiple males reduces fertilization success in the myobatrachid frog Crinia georgiana. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 266: 717–21.
Cade, W, 1975. Acoustically orienting parasitoids: Fly phonotaxis to cricket song. Science 190: 1312–13.
———, 1979. The evolution of alternative male reproductive strategies in field crickets. In Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects, ed. M. S. Blum and N. A. Blum. Academic Press.
———, 1981. Alternative male strategies: Genetic differences in crickets. Science 212: 563–64.
Caldwell, R. L., 1991. Variation in reproductive behavior in stomatopod crustacea. In Crustacean Sexual Biology, ed. R. T. Bauer and J. W Martin. Columbia University Press.
Campagna, C., B. J. Le Boeuf, and H. L. Cappozzo, 1988. Group raids: A mating strategy of male southern sea lions. Behaviour 105: 224–49.
Campbell, R. D., 1974. Cnidaria. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates. Vol. 1: Acoelomate and Pseudocoelomate Metazoans, ed. A. C. Giese and J. S. Pearse. Academic Press.
Carayon, J., 1959. Insemination par “spermalège” et cordon conducteur de sper-matozoïdes chez Stricticimex brevispinosus Usinger (Heteroptera, Cimicidae). Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines 60: 81–104.
———, 1974. Insemination traumatique heterosexuelle et homosexuelle chez Xylocoris maculipennis (Hem. Anthocoridae). Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences D, Paris 278: 2803–06.
Caro, T. M., 1994. Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains. University of Chicago Press.
Carré, D., C. Rouvière, and C. Sardet, 1991. In vitro fertilization in ctenophores: Sperm entry, mitosis, and the establishment of bilateral symmetry in Beroe ovata. Developmental Biology 147: 381–91.
Carré, D., and C. Sardet, 1984. Fertilization and early development in Beroe ovata. Developmental Biology 105: 188–95.
Carrick, R, and S. E. Ingham, 1962. Studies on the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.). V Population dynamics and utilization. CSIRO Wildlife Research 7: 198–206.
Carroll, L., 1871. Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. Macmillan.
Carroll, S. P., and C. Boyd, 1992. Host race radiation in the soapberry bug: Natural history with the history. Evolution 46: 1052–69.
Cei, J. M., 1962. Batracios de Chile. Ediciones de la Universidad de Chile.
Cerda-Flores, R. M., S. A. Barton, L. F. Marty-Gonzalez, F. Rivas, and R. Chakraborty, 1999. Estimation of nonpaternity in the Mexican population of Nuevo Leon: A validation study with blood group markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 109: 281–93.
Chao, L., 1992. Evolution of sex in RNA viruses. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7: 147–51.
Chapela, I. H., S. A. Rehner, T. R. Schultz, and U. G. Mueller, 1994. Evolutionary history of the symbiosis between fungus-growing ants and their fungi. Science 266: 1691-94.
Chapman, T, 2001. Seminal fluid–mediated fitness traits in Drosophila. Heredity 87: 511–21.
Charlesworth, D., and B. Charlesworth, 1987. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18: 237–68.
Charnov, E. L., 1982. The Theory of Sex Allocation. Princeton University Press.
Charnov, E. L., J. Maynard Smith, and J. J. Bull, 1976. Why be an hermaphrodite? Nature 263: 125–26.
Chen, P. S., 1984. The functional morphology and biochemistry of insect male accessory glands and their secretions. Annual Review of Entomology 29: 233–55.
Chippindale, A. K., J. R. Gibson, and W R. Rice, 2001. Negative genetic correlation for adult fitness between sexes reveals ontogenetic conflict in Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98: 1671–75.
Clutton-Brock, T H., S. D. Albon, and E E. Guinness, 1988. Reproductive success in male and female red deer. In Reproductive Success: Studies of Individual Variation in Contrasting Breeding Systems, ed. Clutton-Brock. University of Chicago Press.
Cohen, J., 1971. The comparative physiology of gamete populations. Advances in Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry 4: 267–380.
Cohen, J., and K. R. Tyler, 1980. Sperm populations in the female genital tract of the rabbit. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 60: 213–18.
Conner, W E., R. Boada, F. C. Schroeder, A. González, J. Meinwald, and T Eisner, 2000. Chemical defense: Bestowal of a nuptial alkaloidal garment by a male moth on its mate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 97: 14406–11.
Conover, M. R., and G. L. Hunt, Jr., 1984. Experimental evidence that female-female pairs in gulls result from a shortage of breeding males. Condor 86: 472–76.
Cook, D. F., 1990. Differences in courtship, mating, and postcopulatory behaviour between ma
le morphs of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Animal Behaviour 40: 428–36.
Cook, J. M., S. G. Compton, E. A. Herre, and S. A. West, 1997. Alternative mating tactics and extreme male dimorphism in fig wasps. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 264: 747–54.
Córdoba-Aguilar, A., 1999. Male copulatory sensory stimulation induces female ejection of rival sperm in a damselfly. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 266: 779–84.
Cosmides, L. M., and J. Tooby, 1981. Cytoplasmic inheritance and intragenomic conflict. Journal of Theoretical Biology 89: 83–129.
Cox, C. R., and B. J. Le Boeuf, 1977. Female incitation of male competition: A mechanism in sexual selection. American Naturalist 111: 317-35.
Crespi, B. J., 1992. Behavioural ecology of Australian gall thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera). Journal of Natural History 26: 769-809.
Creus, M., J. Balasch, F. Fábregues, J. Martorell, M. Boada, J. Penarrubia, P. N. Barri, and J. A. Vanrell, 1998. Parental human leukocyte antigens and implantation failure after in-vitro fertilization. Human Reproduction 13: 39–43.
Cronin, E. W, Jr., and P. W Sherman, 1976. A resource-based mating system: The orange-rumped honeyguide. Living Bird 15: 5–32.
Cunningham, E. J. A., and K. M. Cheng, 1999. Biases in sperm use in the mallard: No evidence for selection by females based on sperm genotype. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 266: 905–10.
Cunningham, E. J. A., and A. F. Russell, 2000. Egg investment is influenced by male attractiveness in the mallard. Nature 404: 74–77.
Currie, C. R., U. G. Mueller, and D. Malloch, 1999. The agricultural pathology of ant fungus gardens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96: 7998–8002.
Curtsinger, J. W, 1991. Sperm competition and the evolution of multiple mating. American Naturalist 138: 93–102.
Dallai, R., and B. A. Afzelius, 1984. Paired spermatozoa in Thermobia (Insecta, Thysanura). Journal of Ultrastructure Research 86: 67–74.
Daly, M., 1978. The cost of mating. American Naturalist 112: 771–74.
Darling, F. F., 1963. A Herd of Red Deer. Oxford University Press.
Darling, J. D. S., M. L. Noble, and E. Shaw, 1980. Reproductive strategies in the surfperches. I. Multiple insemination in natural populations of the shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata. Evolution 34: 271–77.
Dr. Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation Page 26
