Comte Louis de Narbonne, Archives Nationales, Paris
François de Neufchâteau, Archives Nationales, Paris
Frederick Sheldon Parker, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale
Louis-Marie de la Revellière-Lépeaux, Beinecke Library, Yale
Count Pierre-Louis Roederer, Archives Nationales, Paris
Fyodr Rostopchin, Russian State Military Historical Archive, Moscow
Marshal Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Archives Nationales, Paris
General Barthélemy Schérer, Archives Nationales, Paris
Marshal Nicolas Soult, Archives Nationales, Paris
Adolphe Thiers, Bibliothèque Thiers, Paris
Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt, Beinecke Library, Yale
Marshal Claude Victor-Perrin, Archives Nationales, Paris
Jane Waldie Watts, Beinecke Library, Yale
War Ministry, Service Historique de la Défense, Vincennes
Sir Nathaniel Wraxall, Beinecke Library, Yale
Index
Note: Page numbers in bold refer to maps. Napoleon is abbreviated to N in subheadings. The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Abdullah, Pasha of Damascus 194
Abensberg, battle of (1809) 503
Aberdeen, Earl of 310, 695, 701
Abo, Treaty of (1812) 570, 638
Aboukir, British expeditionary force (1801) 295
Aboukir, battle of (1799) 200–201
Aboukir Bay, battle of (1799) 177–8
Abrantès, Laure, Duchess d’ xxxiv, 58–9, 68, 809
on Josephine 69
on Lucien Bonaparte 210
on Cambacérès 216
on Pauline Bonaparte 302
on coronation 355
on N’s son 565
Académie Celtique 14
Académie Française 244
Acre 180, 185–205
siege of 181, 192–4, 195–7
Acte Additionnel aux Constitutions de l’Empire (1815) 745, 748
ratification 749
Acton, Sir John 358
Addington, Henry, Viscount Sidmouth 319
and Louisiana Purchase 325–6
Ajaccio, Corsica 3, 4, 33, 34, 202
fighting (1792) 37
Albe, General Louis d’ 684
Albenga, Italy 81
Albert, General Joseph, at Berezina river 627
Alexander the Great, N’s inspiration 165, 168, 174, 186, 187
Alexander I, Tsar of Russia 295–6, 729
N’s view of 359
and Austerlitz 381, 390
peace proposals 400, 613–14
meeting with N at Tilsit 456–8
and conference at Erfurt 488–93
and N’s proposed marriage to Anna Pavlovna 538, 547
army reforms 539
N’s letters to 542, 556, 563–4, 585, 586
and Swedish throne 547
relations with N 549, 550, 573–4
preparations for war (1810–12) 551, 557, 560–66, 570
ukaz on Russian trade with neutral countries 557, 561
and Poland 561–2
and Austria 562
and Prussia 562
and Turkey 572
on N (after Russian campaign) 635
at Lützen 647
at Leipzig 677
Talleyrand and 705
in Paris 710, 711
visit to Josephine 718
visit to Marie Louise 718
after Napoleon 805
Alexandria (Egypt) 168, 200
British siege of 297
Allemand, Captain Zacharie 364
Allonville, Comte d’ 557
Alps, crossing of (1800) 251, 252–3, 256
Alsace, and Jews 402–3
Alvinczi, General József (Austrian army) 119, 126, 127
at Arcole 121–3
Amberg, battle of (1796) 78
American War of Independence 27
see also United States of America
Amiens, Peace of (1802) 294–9
initial approaches 294–7
signing of 297–9, 307
terms 298, 307–8
lack of commercial treaty 308
resumption of travel between France and Britain 309–10
failure of implementation 313–14, 319–20, 321–2
and preparations for war 321, 322–6
collapse of 324–5
Amsterdam 398
Andréossy, General Antoine 151
as envoy to London 323
in Constantinople 572
Angély, Michel Regnault de Saint-Jean d’ 772
and N’s return (1815) 741
Annual Register (journal) 316n
anti-Semitism 404–5
Antommarchi, Francesco, doctor 796–7, 798, 799, 809
Aosta (Italy), Fort Bard 253
Archambault, Achille and Joseph, St Helena 779
Arcis-sur-Aube, battle of (1814) 707
Arcole, battle of (1796) 121–3
Aréna, Barthélemy, deputy 225
Aréna, Joseph Antoine 288
aristocracy, N’s new 464–6
Arnault, Antoine-Vincent, historian 170
Arnhofen, battle of (1809) 506
Arnott, Thomas, doctor 798
art treasures
from Italy 85n, 87–8, 89, 105–6, 107, 129–30, 151
from Malta 167
from Egypt 179–80
from Berlin 423
from Moscow 612, 629
from Spain 660
artillery
prestige of 16–17
technological advances 25
and crossing of Alps 251, 253
and casualty rates 445
Borodino 604 and n
lost in retreat from Moscow 621, 624
Leipzig 681
shortage of (1814) 688
arts, N’s patronage of 543–5
Aspern-Essling, battle of (1809) 512–16
al-Attar, Hasan 177
Atthalin, Louis 719
Aubry, Captain, war minister 58
Auersperg, Field Marshal Prince von 376
Auerstädt, battle of (1806) 420, 421
Augereau, Marshal Pierre 75, 79, 89, 109, 111, 344, 345, 744
Castiglione 112
in Italy 115–16, 119–20, 121–2
and Fructidor Coup 146–7
and Brumaire coup 223
and Concordat (1801) 274
Jena 413, 414, 418, 419
in Prussia 426
Eylau 439, 442, 443, 444
and 1814 campaign 703
surrender of Lyons 707
Augusta, Princess, of Bavaria 321
marriage to Eugène 395
Austerlitz, battle of (1805) 383–4, 385, 386–7, 388–90
manoeuvres towards 368–9, 375–8, 378–9, 381–3
Pratzen heights 377, 381, 384, 385
post-battle address 389–90
casualties 390
aftermath 391–2
profits from 395–6
Austria
declaration of war (1792) 38
invasion of France (1792) 39
counter-attack (1795) 64
and N’s campaign in Italy (1796) 81–2, 90–91
and relief of Mantua 108–9, 119, 123
peace with after Italian campaign (1797) 138–60
N’s proposal of peace (1799) 237
rene
wal of hostilities (1800) 249, 250–51
armistice (1800) 285–6
and Peace of Lunéville (1801) 290, 291
and Third Coalition 364–5
preparation for war (1805) 366–8
rearmament (1808) 485, 496
and War of Fifth Coalition 498, 502, 526
and Treaty of Schönbrunn (1809) 532–3
and Russia 569
mobilization (1813) 640
rearmament (1813) 652
and second Treaty of Reichenbach (1813) 659
declaration of war (1813) 663
and Sixth Coalition 663, 693, 694, 695, 701
see also Francis II, Emperor
Austrian army
Marengo campaign 250–69
and Austerlitz 377–8, 381
corps system 498
at Wagram 518
troops for Russian campaign 570
Autun, N’s education at 10–11
Auxonne
School of Artillery at 24–6
riots (1789) 29
Avignon 721
Avrillon, Mademoiselle 472
Azara, Chevalier d’, Spanish ambassador 321
Babeuf, François-Nöel, journalist 144
Baciocchi, Felice (Prince of Lucca), marriage to Elisa Bonaparte 143, 361
Baden, grand duchy of 393
Baden, Prince Karl of 321
Bagration, General Pyotr
Austerlitz 388
in Poland 437
Eylau 439, 442
Heilsberg 450
Russian Second Army 580, 581
strategy of withdrawal 585
at Smolensk 594
Borodino 605
Bailén, battle of (1808) 485–6
al-Bakri, Sayyid Khalil 179
Balashov, General Alexander 585, 586
Balcombe, Betsy 782–4, 787, 792, 795, 809
Balcombe, William, East India Company superintendent, St Helena 782, 787–8, 795
balloonists, military 759n
Balsamo, Joseph, occulist and fraud 401 and n
Bamberg, Prussia 413
bankers 245
Banque de France 246
run on, before Austerlitz 370
Barbé-Marbois, François, Marquis de 147
and Louisiana Purchase 325
Barbier, Antoine-Alexandre, N’s librarian 569, 595n
Barclay de Tolly, General Michael 438, 539
Eylau 438, 439
as war minister 557, 562
Russian First Army 580
strategy of withdrawal 581, 598
at Vitebsk 592
N’s pursuit of 594
at Smolensk 594, 596
dismissal 598
Dresden 668, 670
at Kulm 672
Baring, Sir Francis 548
Barings Brothers 325–6
Barral, Comtesse de 467
Barras, Paul, member of Directory 51, 144, 156, 209, 810
and Sections’ rising 65
and Josephine 70
and choice of N to command Army of Italy (1796) 72
N and 94–5, 148, 214
and Fructidor Coup 146–8
and Brumaire plot 214, 219–20
Barrès, Captain 685
Bartenstein, Convention of (1807) 449
Barthélemy, Marquis, member of Directory 147
Barthélemy, Marquis de, member of Directory 144
Bassano, battle of (1796) 119–20
Bassano (Italy) 115
Baston de Lariboisière, General Jean-Ambroise 456
Bathurst, Lord, secretary for war 714, 785
‘Battle of the Nations’ see Leipzig
Bausset-Roquefort, Baron Louis de 134, 601, 607
memoirs xxxv
as Prefect of the Palace 360–61
chamberlain 472, 656
Bautzen, battle of (1813) 651–4
Bavaria 393
treaty of friendship 299
alliance with France 394–5
declaration of neutrality 672
declaration of war (1813) 674
Bavaria, Crown Prince Ludwig of 507
Baxter, Alexander, doctor 792
Bayonne, conference between N and Ferdinand 479–84
Bayonne, Treaty of (1808) 482
Beauharnais, General Vicomte Alexandre de 69
Beauharnais, Eugène (Josephine’s son) 69, 70, 71, 219
as aide-de-camp in Egypt 163
marriage to Princess Augusta of Bavaria 321, 395
as viceroy in Italy 362
at Raab 518
Wagram 519, 522
and Army of Italy in Poland 571
and Russian campaign 581
at Borodino 605, 606
on retreat from Moscow 623
at Berezina 626
command of Grande Armée in Russia 630–31
withdrawal to Berlin (1813) 639
Lützen 646
and Army of Italy 688
and N’s return (1815) 740
last years 806
Beauharnais, Hortense de (Josephine’s daughter) 71, 155, 287, 709, 773–4
marriage to Louis Bonaparte 304, 398
illegitimate child 534
on Josephine’s divorce 535
on N 636
support for N’s return (1815) 740
affair with Flahault 806
later years 806
Beauharnais, Josephine (daughter of Eugène) 806
Beauharnais, Josephine (Marie-Josèphe-Rose Tascher de la Pagerie), Vicomtesse de see Bonaparte, Josephine
Beauharnais, Stéphanie de, marriage to Prince Karl of Baden 321
Beaulieu, General Johann, Austrian commander 81–2, 89
Beaumont, General, in Prussia 426
Beauregard, Marquis Henry Costa de, Savoyard colonel 86, 87
Beauvoison, Colonel Joseph 180
bee, as N’s personal emblem 348, 739
Bégos, Captain Louis 627
Beker, General 776
Belgian National Guard, and Russian campaign 572
Belgium 698, 703, 750–51
Bellerophon, HMS 774, 775, 776–7, 778–80
Belliard, General Auguste 306, 593, 709, 718
Borodino 605–6
Belloy-Morangle, Jean-Baptiste, archbishop of Paris 274
Bennigsen, General Levin von 295, 433
at Pultusk 431–3
retreat to Alle 436–8
Elyau 439–45
attack at Guttstadt 449
Friedland 450, 451–4
Leipzig 676, 681
Berezina, River 625–6
crossing of 626–9
Dutch engineers at 626–7
Berlier, Major, Augustin 54
Berlier, Théophile 289–90, 349
on Brumaire coup 222, 224
Berlin 639
fall of 423
Charlottenburg Palace 424–5
N in 424–5
abandoned by Eugène 643
Berlin Decrees (1806) 427–8
Bernadotte, Marshal Jean-Baptiste 132, 145, 344, 399, 437
marriage to Desirée Clary 60, 145, 547
and Brumaire coup 217–18
taking of Munich 372
Austerlitz 380, 381, 382, 383, 385
relations with N 385, 421
and Jena 414, 418, 421
in Poland 426, 436
Wagram 519, 522, 808
and Leipzig 674, 676, 681
as King of Sweden 547, 638; treaty of friendship with Russia 570; and Northern Army (1813) 664
<
br /> Bernier, Étienne-Alexandre, Vendée leader 242, 272
Bernkopf, Captain Joseph 253
Bernoyer, François 166
Berry, Mary, on Tuileries 247–8
Berthier, General César-Gabriel 61
Berthier, Marshal Alexandre, N’s chief-of-staff 80–81, 91, 344, 345, 399
in Italy 83
N’s reliance on 106
Egypt 163
as war minister 233
command of Army of the Reserve 238, 250–51
Marengo 263, 266
and plans for invasion of England 328–9
filing system 365–6
Austerlitz 383
Jena 413, 418, 421
and war with Austria (1809) 501, 502–3
created prince 531
and marriage of N to Marie Louise 540
and Jérôme 585
in Russia 595
at Berezina river 627
and Louis XVIII 713
death (suicide) 743
Berthollet, Claude-Louis, scientist 89
Bertin brothers 243
Bertrand, General Henri xxxv, 170, 718, 774, 801–2, 808
Lützen 646, 647
Bautzen 652
Leipzig 676
and Elba 716, 719
with N in 1815 return to France 730
at Waterloo 758
on St Helena 779, 784
Bessières, Marshal Jean- Baptiste 100, 344
in Egypt 163
Consular Guard 253
Austerlitz 383, 388
in Prussia 426
in Spain 485, 486
in Germany 502
Aspern 513
Wagram 519, 524
Borodino 606–7
Maloyroslavets 618
death 646–7, 685
Beurnonville, General Pierre de 224
Beyts, François 237
Bidasoa, River, Wellington’s crossing of 674
Bigarré, Major, Austerlitz 388
Bigonnet, Jean-Adrien 221, 224
Bigot de Préameneu, Félix, and Code Napoléon 276
Billon, Captain François-Frédéric 442
Binasco, burning of 98–9
Binet de Marcognet, General Pierre de 764 and n
biographies, British 317
Biot, Colonel Hubert 702
Blaze, Captain 268, 469, 638
Eylau 442
in Spain 482
in Austria 510
Blin, Joseph, deputy 224
Blücher, General Gerhard von 643
surrender of Lübeck 422
and Army of Silesia 663–4, 693, 700–701
and Leipzig campaign 665, 674, 675
Katzbach 672
crossing of Elbe 674
Leipzig 676, 680, 682
Brienne 693–4
and 1814 campaign 694
Champaubert 699
Craonne 704
Ligny 754, 755
and Waterloo campaign 754, 759
Bobr, French eagles burned at 626
Napoleon Page 114
