Hindu Magazine, November 24, 2002
Y. D. Gundevia, Outside the Archives (Hyderabad: Orient
Longman, 1984)
Welles Hangen, After Nehru, Who? (London: Rupert
Hart-Davis, 1963)
Selig S. Harrison, India: The Most Dangerous Decade
(Madras: Oxford University Press, 1960)
H. V. Hodson, The Great Divide (London: Hutchinson,
1969)
Prem Shankar Jha, Kashmir 1947 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996)
B. M. Kaul, The Untold Story (Bombay: Jaico, 1969) Sunil Khilani, The Idea of India (New Delhi: Viking Penguin, 1997)
B. Krishna, Indian Freedom Struggle (New Delhi: Manohar,
2002)
André Malraux, Anti-Memoirs (New York: Henry Holt,
1990)
Zareer Masani, Indira Gandhi: A Biography (New York:
Thomas Y. Crowell, 1975)
Neville Maxwell, India’s China War (London: Jonathan
Cape, 1970)
Neville Maxwell, “Reconsiderations: Jawaharlal Nehru,”
Foreign Affairs 52 (April 1974)
Ved Mehta, Portrait of India (New York: Farrar, Straus &
Giroux, 1970)
K. P. S. Menon, Yesterday and Today (New Delhi: Allied,
1976)
Frank Moraes, Witness to an Era (Delhi: Vikas, 1973)
Janet Morgan, Edwina Mountbatten: A Life of Her Own
(New York: Scribner, 1991)
A. G. Noorani, Our Credulity and Negligence (Bombay:
Ramdas G. Bhatkal, 1963)
D. G. Tendulkar, Mahatma (Bombay: Publications Division, 2nd ed., 1961)
Raj Thapar, All These Years (New Delhi: Seminar, 1991)
Shashi Tharoor, “E Pluribus, India,” Foreign Affairs
(January/Febuary 1998)
Shashi Tharoor, Reasons of State (Delhi: Vikas, 1982)
Shashi Tharoor, India: From Midnight to the Millennium
(New York: Arcade, 1997)
Badruddin Tyabji, Indian Policies and Practice (New
Delhi: Oriental Publishers, 1972)
Lord Wavell, Viceroy’s Journal, ed. Penderel Moon (Lon- don: Oxford University Press, 1972)
Muhammad Yunus, Persons, Passions and Politics (Delhi: Vikas, 1980)
Philip Ziegler, Mountbatten (London: Fontana/Collins,
1986)
Index
Abdullah, Sheikh, 142, 165, 203, 253
Abyssinia, 112
affirmative action, 237–38
Afro-Asian Conference, 151, 189
After Nehru, Who? (Hangen), 195
Ahmed, Muzaffar, 69
Akali movement, 49–50
Akbar, M. J., 145
Alexander, A. V., 139
Ali, Maulana Muhammad, 46,
46n, 253
Ali, Munshi Mubarak, 5
Allahabad, 1, 50–52
All-India Congress Committee
(AICC), 70, 125
All-India Muslim League. See
Muslim League
All-India States People’s
Conference, 115, 142
All-India Trade Union Congress,
68
Ambedkar, B. R, 229, 253
American imperialism, 58
Amritsar Massacre, 30–34, 51,
64–65, 76
Amrohvi, Rais, 190
Anarchical and Revolutionary
Crimes Act, 26, 26n, 29
Andhra Pradesh, 173
Ansari, M. A., 47
arrests
of Annie Besant, 25–26
of Jawaharlal Nehru, 42–46,
49–50, 77–79, 88–92,
94–95, 121–22, 125–27
of Mahatma Gandhi, 77, 125,
127
of Motilal Nehru, 42–44, 77–
78
Ashoka, 183
Asian Relations Conference, 151
Ataturk, Kemal, xiv, 34
Attlee, Clement, 118, 123, 134,
137
Aung San, 137
Autobiography (Nehru), 95, 96–
97, 107–8
Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam, xvi,
106, 108, 123, 126, 138,
144, 145, 254
balkanization, 152–53
Bandaranaike, Solomon, 200
Bengal
British partition of, 11–12
famine in, 133
Besant, Annie, 8, 23–26, 254
Bhagwati, Jagdish, 176, 244
Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Indian
People’s Party), xvi–xvii
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),
xvii
Birla, Ghanshyam Das, 98, 254
Black Act. See Rowlatt Act
Bose, Subhas Chandra, 66–67,
112, 114–15, 117, 122–
23, 136, 197, 254
Britain/British government
Amritsar Massacre and, 30–34
attitude of, toward India, 133
brutality by, 30–34, 89, 125,
126
Cabinet Mission Plan of, 137–
45, 149
call for complete independence from, 59–62
demonstrations against, 64–65
education of Nehru in, 9–18
Indian elections held by, 134–
35
loss of power in India by, 136–
40
Muslim League and, 73, 103–
4, 130, 134–45, 147–48,
152
negotiations between India
and, 83–85, 87–88, 139–
41, 143–44, 146–47,
153–55
offer of Dominion status by,
123–24, 153
partition of Bengal by, 11–12
reaction of, to Indian
nationalist movement,
25–26, 26n, 63–65, 72,
76–78, 82–84, 89, 121,
122–24
view of Nehru of, 68–69, 84,
93–94
weakness of, 140
withdrawal from India by, 149
during World War II, 116–24,
133
British imperialism, 58, 116, 240
Brockway, Fenner, 55
Brooks, Ferdinand T., 8
Brussels International Congress
against Colonial
Oppression and
Imperialism, 54–55
Burma, 137
Butler, Harcourt, 44
Bux, Allah, 130
Cabinet Mission Plan, 137–45,
149
capitalism, 175–77, 240–41
Caroe, Sir Olaf, 152
caste issues, 92, 236–39
Chagla, M. C., 66
Chaplin, Charlie, 199
Chaudhuri, Nirad, 223, 226
Chauri Chaura, 43
Chavan, Y. B., 71
China
communism in, 58
Nehru’s admiration for, 112,
116–17, 208–10
disconnect between father and, 231–32
as father’s official hostess,
194–95
marriage of, 127–29
Nehru’s writings to, 81–82
state of emergency called by,
231–32
as successor, 194–95
Gandhi, Mahatma
about, 255
assassination of, 160–61
Bose and, 114–15
demonstrations led by, 75–76
fasting by, 92, 127
imprisonment of, 77, 125, 127
influence of, on Indian
National Congress, xiv,
35–37, 67, 69–70
Jinnah and, 130
Khilafat movement and, 34–35
negotiations between British
and, 83–85
Nehru and
compromises between, 67,
93, 97
differences between, 43–44,
53, 59–62, 84–85, 92, 94
/>
loyalty between, 29–30, 35–
39, 138
power relations between,
69–70, 99
noncooperation movement of,
27, 35, 41–42, 43, 46,
120–21
nonleadership by, 47
nonviolence principle and, 46
on partition of India, 154,
159–60
personal habits of, 28
reaction of, to Amritsar
Massacre, 33
reaction of, to British
proposals, 123, 124–25
religious views of, 92
role of, in Indian nationalist
politics, 26–30, 34–36,
59–62, 67, 72
in South Africa, 26–27
support for a free India by, 74–
76
Swarajists and, 49
as symbol, 96
on war issue, 116, 120–21
Gandhi, Rajiv Ratna (grandson),
129–30, 236
Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 83–85, 87
Ganga (river), 215–17
Germany, 116
Glimpses of World History
(Nehru), 81–82, 127
Goa, 206–7
Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, xiv, 12,
35, 255
Gopal, Sarvepalli, 11, 14, 45,
249
Government of India Act, 25n,
98–99, 102–3
Great Bengal Famine, 133
Great Indian Novel, The
(Tharoor), 227
Hangen, Welles, 195
Haroon, Sir Abdullah, 139
Harrow (school), 9–11
Hindu Code Bill, 171, 235
Hindu Mahasabha, xvi, 93, 105
Hindu-Muslim relations
See also Muslim League
after partition, 135, 143–45,
167–68
Pakistan and, 209
Panch Sheel and, 184
relations between India and,
55–56, 188, 189, 209–13
war between India and, 210–
13
Chou En-lai, 189, 209
Churchill, Winston Spencer,
9–10, 83, 97, 122, 124,
133, 134, 188
civil disobedience, 27, 35, 41–
43, 46, 120–21
Clément, Catherine, 201
Communal Award, 102
communism, 55–58, 68–69
Communists, 75, 173, 175
Congress Party. See Indian
National Congress
Congress Socialist Party, 94, 97
Constitution, 87–88, 168
Cousins, Norman, 161–62, 195–
96
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 123–24,
138, 254
Czechoslovakia, 113
Das, Chitta Ranjan, 48–49,
255
Delhi, 22
democracy. See Indian democracy
Dhebar, U. N., 179–80
Direct Action Day, 145–46, 147
Discovery of India, The (Nehru),
122, 127, 225–26, 231
Djilas, Milovan, 190
Dominion status, for India, 65–
66, 72, 123–24, 153
Dulles, John Foster, 183, 186
Dutt, Romesh Chunder, 15
dyarchy, 48
Dyer, R. E. H., 31–32, 33, 34
education, 8–11, 13–15,
17–18
Egypt, 189–190
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 223, 224
Eight-Day Interlude, The (Nehru),
78–79
Einstein, Albert, 56
elections
British-sponsored, 99–103
general, of 1952, 172–73
general, of 1957, 192
general, of 1962, 207
Indian National Congress in,
99–103, 134–35
of Jawaharlal Nehru, 50–52,
69–75, 97–98, 100, 138,
172–73, 192, 207
Erskine, Lord, 111
Europe
influence of, on Nehru’s
political outlook,
52–59
travels in, 112–14
Fabian Society, 13, 14, 240 family tree, Nehru, xix fascism, 97, 116, 117
Five-Year Plans, 176–78 foreign policy
of India under Nehru, 182–91,
207–13
Nehru’s interest in, 58–59,
112–14, 150–51
France, 206
Gandhi, Feroze, 127–29, 194,
205, 255
Gandhi, Indira Nehru (daughter)
about, 255
childhood of, 37, 54, 112
children of, 129–30, 198
Nehru’s identification with,
38–40, 100–101
wretched conditions of, 38–40
Indian National Army, 122–23,
136
Indian National Congress
about, xiii–xv
contesting of elections by, 99–
103, 134–35, 172–73
dominance of, 229–30
election of Jawaharlal Nehru
as president of, 69–75,
97–98, 100
evolution of, 11–12
Extremists vs. Moderates in,
12, 23
Gandhi’s influence on, xiv,
35–37, 67, 69–70
governance by, under British
rule, 111–12
Motilal Nehru’s involvement
in, 24, 33–35, 48–49, 65–
66
Muslim League and, 24, 34–
35, 46–47, 104–9, 114,
119–20, 130, 141, 143–
45, 147–48
negotiations between British
and, 87–88, 139–41,
143–44, 146–47, 153–55
Nehru Report of, 65–66
Quit India resolution of, 125–
26, 130
splits in, 48–49, 71, 114, 166–
67
Indian nationalism, 212–13,
215–17
Indian nationalist politics
See also Indian National
Congress
British response to, 25–26,
26n, 63–65, 72, 76–78,
82–84, 89, 121, 122–24
Gandhi’s role in, 26–30, 34–
36, 59–62, 67, 72
Nehru’s role in, 59–62, 73–75
partition of Bengal and, 11–12
Indian People’s Party (Bharatiya
Jana Sangh), xvi–xvii
Indian political movements,
xiii–xvii
See also Indian National
Congress
Industrial Policy Resolution,
176, 178
Industries Act of 1951, 177
Iqbal, Sir Mohamed, 256
Ireland, 12–13
Irwin, Lord, 72, 73, 83, 256
Jain, S. P., 203–4
Japan, 122–23, 124, 185
Jefferson, Thomas, 227
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali
See also Muslim League
about, 256
British and, 73, 130
creation of Pakistan and, 145,
145–46
demand for creation of
Pakistan by, 139, 148,
154
interim government and, 146
as leader of Muslims, 109, 152
Muslim League and, xv, 103–4,
104–9, 114
negotiations between Congress
Party and, 140–41
Nehru and, 104–5, 147–48
political views of, 24–25, 35–
36, 65–66
on war issue, 118–20
Jones, Sir William, 10
British attempts at undermining, 103–4
deterioration of, 47, 65–66,
71, 104–9, 114, 119–20
Indian National Congress and,
111–12
Nehru’s attempts to restore,
75, 106–9, 135, 167–68
Nehru and, 93
unity in, 34, 46–47, 80
Hindutva, xvi–xvii , 234–35, 236
Home Rule Leagues, 23–24
homosexuality, rumors of,
16–17
human progress, 90–91
Hume, Allan Octavian, 11, 103
Hungary, 190
Hutheesing, Raja, 130
Hydari, Akbar, 141
Ibrahim, Hafiz, 109
Iengar, H. V. R., 196
imperialism, 58, 240
Independence Day, 74–75
Independence for India League,
62
India
attitude of Britain toward, 133
British loss of power in, 136–
37
British plan for, after
withdrawal, 137–45, 149
British withdrawal from, 149
creating identity of, 224–29
desire for a free, 73–76
domestic policy after independence, 165–68, 202–3
Dominion status for, 65–66,
72, 123–24, 153
economic problems of, 175–
79, 239–46
elections in, 172–73, 192
first government of indepen-
dent, 156–58
foreign policy of, under
Nehru, 182–91, 207–13
governmental corruption in,
204–6
history of, 127
interim government for, 141–
49, 152
negotiations for independence
between Britain and, 83–
88, 139–47, 153–55
newly independent, 161–68
partition of, 135, 139–40,
143–49, 151–55, 161–62
pluralism of, 225–26
progress in, 251
relations between China and,
55–56, 188, 189, 209–13
relations between Pakistan
and, 167, 169–70
role of religion in, 234–39
socialism in, 241–46
state boundaries in, 173
war between China and, 210–
13
during World War II, 116–24
Indian Civil Service (ICS), 17
Indian Defense Force, 26
Indian democracy
disillusionment with, 231–32
Nehru’s influence on, 220–31
political parties in, 229–30
role of caste in, 236–39
strength of, 232
Indian Institutes of Technology,
245
Indian masses
adulation of Nehru by, 44–45,
65, 99–100, 222
Indian National Congress and,
24, 34–35, 46–47, 104–9,
114, 119–20, 130, 141,
143–45, 147–48
interim government and, 148
Khilafat movement and, 34–
35
overview of, xv–xvi
success of, in elections, 134–
35
on war issue, 118–20
Mussolini, 97, 112
Naidu, Padmaja, 201, 258
Naidu, Sarojini, 24, 71, 120, 258
Narayan, Jayaprakash, 166, 171,
259
Nash, Ogden, 207–8
Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 186, 189–
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