by Karen Abbott
ciphers, 24–25, 55, 255
of Jefferson Davis, 255–56
of Rose Greenhow, 24–25, 25, 29, 29, 30, 55, 109, 113–15, 172, 255
invisible ink, 142, 330–31, 343, 364, 382
of Elizabeth Van Lew, 331, 331, 341–43, 364, 382
City Point, 383, 384, 385, 397, 405
civilians, 32, 50
bread riots, 283, 283, 284–88, 340
casualties, 33
declining morale, 283–88, 340, 407
evacuation of, 268, 379, 397, 408–11
food shortages, 50, 283–88, 340, 407
in prison, 141–50, 167–77, 209, 234–41, 299–300, 312–15
soldiers disguised as, 279–82
as spectators at battles, 5, 32–36, 41, 64
Civil War
beginning of, xi–xii
of 1861, 1–130
of 1862, 131–271
of 1863, 273–332
of 1864, 333–98
of 1865, 399–412
end of, 414, 419
See also Confederate Army; specific battles and generals; Union Army
Clarke, A. W., 205–6
clothing, 21, 100, 109, 128, 164, 176, 218, 253, 336
“Jeff Davis” bonnets, 200–201
mourning, 21, 153, 235, 294, 389
role in espionage, 100, 102, 109–10, 116, 200–201, 230, 250, 256, 341, 346, 382–83
coffee, 50, 64, 100
“coffee mill” gun, 252
Cold Harbor, Battle of, 369, 379, 381
Committee for Invalid Persons, 418
Committee of Military Affairs, 418
Compton, William Boyd, 54, 298, 402
Conclusion farm, 143
Condor, 386–90
Confederacy, xi, 8, 27, 47, 73, 304
European relations with, 100, 121, 304–9, 320–24, 335–40, 356–58, 368–72
flag, 8, 9, 49, 60, 124, 239, 313, 314, 329, 408, 422
songs, 5, 51, 67, 112, 222, 237–40, 251, 312, 408
Confederate army, 27, 255
at Antietam, 247–48, 248, 249
casualties, 186, 213, 215, 247, 248, 269, 279, 296, 303
at Chancellorsville, 293
conscription, 281, 327, 346, 362
cow-bell dodge, 64
declining morale, 256, 284, 379–80, 386
deserters, 103, 256, 327, 346–48, 379–80, 397
at First Bull Run, 19, 22, 30–37, 47, 53, 57, 63, 68, 80, 266
at Five Forks, 408
food, 244, 279
at Fredericksburg, 268–71
at Front Royal, 202–4, 204, 205–9
at Gettysburg, 296, 303–4, 329
guerrillas, 34, 262–63
logistics, 136–37, 183, 268
mail carriers, 298
Overland Campaign, 368, 369, 379–80
Peninsula Campaign, 152–57, 180–86, 193–99, 210–14, 218, 232, 242
picket duty, 63–65, 182, 183, 342
prostitutes and, 139
rebel yell, 33–34, 225, 282
recruiting, 4
at Second Bull Run, 244–46
Seven Days Battles, 224–27
at Seven Pines, 210–14
Shenandoah Valley campaign, 4–10, 14, 19, 50, 58, 99, 105, 133–40, 187–92, 200–214, 218–23
signals, 55, 101, 256
at Spotsylvania, 368, 379
supply shortages, 50, 61, 73, 77, 99–103, 113–14, 268, 287, 407–8
uniforms, 33, 98, 98, 124, 138, 162, 164, 166, 279, 366
Valley Campaign, 136–40, 200–209, 402
in the Wilderness, 368, 379
at Williamsburg, 183–86
women posing as soldiers in, 16
See also specific battles and generals
Confederate espionage, 20–30, 51, 63, 179, 180, 255–56
Boyd Belle and, 51–56, 96–98, 98, 99–103, 133–40, 187–92, 200–209, 218–23, 250–51, 258–60, 268, 293–300, 312–19, 349–55, 391–93, 402, 421
children and, 112–13, 122
First Bull Run and, 27–30, 53, 66–68, 170, 217
Rose Greenhow and, 20–30, 35, 53, 66–74, 84–88, 96, 104–18, 122, 141–50, 166–77, 303–5, 317, 356–59, 387
Pinkerton surveillance and, 69–74, 84–89, 104–18, 141–42, 155–57, 169, 172, 224, 261, 264, 328
in prison, 141–50, 166–77, 209, 234–41, 250–51, 312–15
in Shenandoah Valley, 51–56, 96, 133–40, 187–92, 200–209, 218–23
Underground Railroad, 96–103
in Washington, DC, 20–30, 35, 53, 66–74, 84–88, 96, 97, 104–18, 141–50, 166–77, 236–41, 312–19
women spies dressed as men, 191
See also secret service; specific spies
Confederate navy, 24, 76, 113, 255, 370, 409
Trent Affair, 121, 129
Confederate White House, 125, 126, 127, 127, 128–30, 232, 303
set afire, 410
Union spies in, 128–30, 233, 253, 255–56, 286–87, 293–94, 341, 380, 382, 405–6
Congress, US, 22, 61, 71, 143, 144, 324, 376, 403, 424
Connecticut, 351, 355
Connor, Doc, 389, 390
conscription, 281, 327, 346, 362
Constitution, US, 13
contrabands, 152–53, 180, 193–94, 243–44, 316
coosh, 244
cotton, 305, 307–9, 336, 352, 356, 408
cow-bell dodge, 64
Culpeper, Virginia, 294
Cumberland River, 279
Cutcheon, Byron M., 418
Dahlgren, Ulric, 360–62
Danville, Virginia, 279, 281, 366, 408, 409
Davis, Jeff, Jr., 127, 379
Davis, Jefferson, xii, 10, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 41, 47, 63, 77, 126, 127, 130, 194, 213, 216, 217, 232, 251, 255–56, 293–95, 316, 321, 327, 335–38, 344, 346, 349–50, 358, 361, 369, 378–80, 386, 397, 403–5, 408, 425
ciphers of, 255–56
Rose Greenhow and, 303–6, 324
health problems of, 286–87, 306
Richmond bread riot, 283–88
Davis, Joe, 128, 370
Davis, Maggie, 217, 303
Davis, Varina, 82, 126–29, 129, 130, 216, 232, 253, 255–56, 286, 341, 405, 406, 408
“dead” escapees, 326–28
Delaware, 50
Democrats, 121, 425
Denny, William, 201
Department of Virginia and North Carolina, 316
Department of the Ohio, 19
De Rosset, Eliza Jane, 390
deserters, 44
Confederate, 103, 256, 327, 346–48, 379–80, 397
Union, 58, 292, 300–301, 345, 360, 392–93, 416–18
Detroit, 12
diaries, 79, 119–20, 300, 358, 372
diarrhea, 16, 32
Dickens, Charles, 216
disease, 12, 16–17, 21, 47, 89–90, 100, 122, 148–49, 194–95, 290–92, 314, 415–16
Dix, Dorothea, 90
Dix, John Adams, 168–75, 187
“Dixie,” 5, 51, 408
Doctor Line, 96–97
dogs, 97, 159, 284
Donelson, Tennessee, 286
Donnellan, George, 29–30
Doolittle, Anson, 72–73
Doolittle, James R., 72
Doster, William, 238
Doswell, Thomas Walker, 383–85
Douglas, Henry Kyd, 207, 208
drills, 14, 60, 64
Duffee, Dr. Washington, 220
Duvall, Bettie, 21, 28–29, 54, 66–67
Duvall, William Penn, 414
dysentery, 16
earthworks, 155, 156, 345
Edmondson, Betty, 17–18, 290, 415
Edmondson, Emma, 11–19, 57–65, 89, 119, 178
at Bull Run (Manassas), 32–33, 35, 57, 157
childhood of, 17–18, 93
death of, 418–19
as deserter, 292, 300–301, 416–18
end of espionage career, 289–92, 300–302
at Fredericksburg, 269–71
injuries of, 245, 261–65, 416
Irish peddler woman disguise, 194–99
in Kentucky, 278–82, 289
as mail carrier, 151, 214, 245, 261, 265, 269, 291
medical exams, 12, 179
memoir of, 394–95, 414
methods of disguise, 14–16, 62, 119, 180, 394
as nurse, 89–95, 120–23, 211–12, 271, 393–94
pension of, 418
poses as Union soldier, 11–13, 13, 14–19, 32–33, 57–65, 89–95, 119–23, 151–57, 178–86, 193–99, 210–14, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 289–92, 300, 394–95, 416–19
postwar life, 414–19
James Reid and, 271, 275–76, 290, 291, 300, 301, 302
Jerome Robbins and, 91–95, 119–20, 151, 152, 226–27, 242–43, 275–76, 290–91, 300–302, 393–95
at Second Bull Run, 244–46
Linus Seelye and, 394, 414, 415
slave disguise, 180–83, 243
Southern civilian disguise, 279–82
as Union spy, 156–57, 178–86, 193–99, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 289–92, 394–95, 416–19
as a woman, 300–301, 301, 302, 414–19
Edmondson, Frances, 17, 18
Edmondson, Isaac, 17–18, 93, 119, 415
Edmondson, Thomas, 17, 18
Egypt, 305
18th Virginia Regiment, 362
Elwood, John, 86–88, 104
Ely, Alfred, 35–36, 75–76, 176–77
Emack, George, 162
Emancipation Proclamation, 248, 305
espionage. See ciphers; Confederate espionage; secret service; specific spies; Union espionage
Eugénie, Empress, 323, 336
Ewell, Richard, 205
Fairfax Station, 246
Fair Oaks, Virginia, 193
Battle of, 210–14
Falling Waters, Battle of, 4, 5
Falmouth, 265, 267
Fanny Campbell, the Female Pirate Captain: A Tale of the Revolution!, 92, 95
fast days, 283–84
Fay, William, 255
5th Connecticut, 97
5th Michigan Infantry, 185, 186
Fifth New York Cavalry, 200
5th Virginia Infantry, 55, 219
firing squads, 139
First Army Corps, 223
1st Maryland (Confederate), 208
1st Maryland (Federal), 208
1st Massachusetts Infantry, 21
1st Pennsylvania Regiment, 53
1st Wisconsin Infantry, 326
Fitzgerald, Lizzie, 29
Fitzgerald, Robert, 101
Five Forks, Battle of, 408
flags, 4, 6, 42, 412
Confederate, 8, 9, 48, 49, 60, 124, 239, 313, 314, 329, 408, 422
Union, 9, 50, 64, 85
Van Lew family, 412, 413
Flint, Michigan, 15, 417
Florida, 77
Florida Brass Band, 295
Floyd, John, 236
food, 16, 77, 122, 244, 279
bread riots, 283, 283, 284–88, 340
Confederate, 244, 279
prison, 80, 117, 164–65, 209, 367
role in spying, 118, 141
shortages, 50, 77, 100, 153, 243, 283–88, 340, 407
Southern, 77, 244, 279
Union, 16, 61, 153–54, 243–44
Forbes, William W., 426
Fort Corcoran, 68
Fort Donelson, 150
Fort Ellsworth, 68
Fort Fisher, 351, 387, 389–90, 403
Fort Henry, 150
Fort Lafayette, 115
Fort McHenry, 104
Fort Monroe, 152, 153, 180, 193, 214, 311, 315, 316, 325, 343, 345, 384
Fort Pillow massacre, 359
Fort Sumter, Battle of, xi, 40
Fort Warren, 375
Fort Wayne, 12
4th Alabama Regiment, 210
4th South Carolina Infantry, 33
14th Iowa Regiment, 292
14th New York Regiment, 80
France, 304
economy, 336–37
Rose Greenhow as emissary to, 304, 309, 322–24, 335–40, 349, 356–59, 372
women, 339
Fredericksburg, Virginia, 232, 257, 265–71, 275, 328, 407
Battle of, 268–71, 418
Frémont, John Charles, 61, 204
friendly fire, 33, 293
Front Royal, Battle of, 202–4, 204, 205–9
Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 316
gambling, 5, 45, 57
Gardner, Alexander, 247
Garfield, James, 426
Geary, John, 190, 203
Georgia, 44, 61, 344, 366, 367, 381, 386
German Rifles, 14
German soldiers, 9, 10, 14, 220
German Unionists, 254
Gettysburg, Battle of, 294, 296, 303–5, 309, 327, 329
Gibbs, George, 77, 79–80, 82
Goff, Nathan, 297, 298
gold, 23, 50, 167, 352, 375
carried by Rose Greenhow, 372, 387–90
gonorrhea, 89
Graham, Dave, 180
Grand Army of the Republic, 419, 422, 423
“Grand Reviews,” 60
Grant, Julia, 424
Grant, Ulysses, 134, 150, 155, 180, 278, 286, 313, 368, 381, 383, 385, 386, 397
Overland Campaign, 368, 369, 379–80
at Spotsylvania, 368, 379
Elizabeth Van Lew and, 407–8, 411–12, 424–29
in the Wilderness, 368, 379
Granville, Lord, 368, 371
Great Britain, 100, 121, 304, 318, 320–22
American Revolution and, 155
Belle Boyd in, 376–78, 419–20
Civil War and, 100, 121, 304–9, 320–22, 337, 349–58, 368–72
Rose Greenhow as emissary to, 304, 309, 320–22, 349, 356–59, 368–72, 376, 387
press, 321, 378, 393, 403
slavery and, 320–21, 358–59
Trent Affair and, 121
War of 1812 and, 143
Greeley, Horace, 18–19, 58
greenbacks, Federal, 153, 154, 164, 409
Greenhow, Little Rose, 21, 23, 29, 67, 105, 107–8, 112–14, 117, 118, 166, 215, 217, 258, 303, 413–14
espionage activities, 112–14, 122
in Europe, 304, 306–9, 322–23, 339, 357, 372
in prison, 141–17, 147, 148–50, 166–77, 209, 217, 240
Greenhow, Robert, 23
Greenhow, Rose O’Neal, 20, 20, 21–30, 60, 82, 84, 104, 141, 160, 166, 203, 236, 237, 251, 258
arrest of, 106–18
as blockade runner, 305–9, 349
ciphers of, 24–25, 25, 29, 29, 30, 55, 109, 113–15, 172, 255
as Confederate spy, 20–30, 35, 53, 66–74, 84–88, 96, 104–18, 122, 141–50, 166–77, 303–5, 317, 356–593, 387
death of, 389–91, 413–14
as emissary to Europe, 304–9, 320–24, 335–40, 349, 356–59, 368–72, 376, 387
exile in Richmond, 175–76, 215–17, 251, 252, 303–5
intelligence on Bull Run, 27–30, 53, 66–68, 170, 217
interrogation of, 116–18, 167–75, 209
memoir of, 216, 304, 321–22
paramours of, 23–24, 66–69, 86–88, 144–45, 356
Pinkerton surveillance on, 69–74, 84–89, 104–18, 141–42, 156, 169, 172
in prison, 141–47, 147, 148–50, 166–77, 209, 217, 234, 240
return from Europe, 386–90
spy network assembled by, 27–28
strip search of, 109–11
surveillance on McClellan, 66–74, 105, 109, 122, 173, 176
Greyhound, 350–55, 374, 377
Grimes, Benjamin, 101
Gwin, Mary, 168
Gwin, William, 167–68
Gwyn, James, 52
hair, messages hidden in, 116
Hale, Nathan, 156
Hall, Allen, 195–96, 197–99
Hall, Reverend Newman, 358–
59
Hammond, John Swainston, 420–22
hanging, 27, 126, 156, 158, 298
of spies, 158–60, 178, 402
Hardinge, Samuel, 354–55, 373–79, 391–93, 401–3, 420
Harpers Ferry, Virginia, 5, 99, 370, 392, 393
Harper’s Weekly, 121, 238, 247
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 246
Harrison’s Landing, 226–28, 231, 231, 232, 242
Hasbrouck, Abram, 200, 202, 203
Hasler, Bettie, 72, 115
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 60
Hayes, Rutherford B., 426
Hebe, 307
Heintzelman, Samuel P., 178, 210, 243
Henry, Patrick, 40
Hewett, William Nathan Wrighte, 387, 388
High, Nathaniel Rue, 422
hiring out, of slaves, 40
Holcombe, James, 387, 388
Holmes, Arnold, 255
Holmes, Josephine, 325–26
Hooker, Joseph, 278–79, 293
Secret Service and, 328–29
horses, 7, 35, 122, 133, 135, 136, 138, 152, 178, 211, 212, 261–63, 265, 319
shortages of, 287–88
Hotze, Henry, 350, 376, 387
Howard, Harry, 326, 328–31
Howard, Oliver, 211–12
Huson, Calvin, 47–48, 75–76
immigrants, 76, 127, 220, 253–54
in Union army, 9, 10, 14
India, 305
invisible ink, 142, 330–31, 343, 364, 382
Italian League, 14
Jackson, Andrew, 23–24, 303
Jackson, Peggy O’Neale Eaton, 23
Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall,” 4, 33, 52, 54–55, 136–37, 137, 138–40, 188–92, 193, 201, 218, 225, 226, 235, 256, 264, 350, 354, 422
Belle Boyd and, 136–40, 191–92, 206–8, 222–23, 238, 251, 258–60, 268–69, 294–95, 315, 319
at Chancellorsville, 293
death of, 293–94
field glasses of, 315, 319
at Front Royal, 204–9
horse of, 138, 208, 293
leadership style, 138–39
Second Bull Run and, 244–46
Valley Campaign, 136–40, 200–209, 402
Jackson, William, 128, 232
James River, 152, 163, 226, 227, 229, 251, 319, 379, 383, 409
“Jeff Davis” bonnets, 200–201
Jefferson, Thomas, 40, 77
“John Brown’s Body,” 8–9
Johnson, Andrew, 420
Johnson, Cave, 145
Johnston, Joseph, 156, 210–11, 213, 217, 251, 295
Jones, Avonia, 419
Jones, Thomas A., 100–101
Jordan, Thomas, 22–25, 30, 35, 73, 114, 122
Kansas, 42, 134
Kearny, Philip, 211
Keily, Daniel, 189, 219–20
Kellogg, Horace, 298
Kempff, Louis, 353
Kenly, John, 203
Kentucky, 27, 50, 61, 81, 97, 134, 144, 150, 278–82, 289
Key, Thomas M., 118
Keyes, Erasmus D., 24
Keyes, John, 374, 375
