by Karen Abbott
contrabands, 152–53, 180, 193–94, 243–44, 316
debate, 23, 61, 153
Emancipation Proclamation, 248, 305
Great Britain and, 320–21, 358–59
hiring out, 40
house servants, 6, 8, 78–79, 127
Maryland, 14, 143
Missouri, 61
rebellions, 6–7, 370
Richmond Underground, 252–58
runaways, 14, 39, 146, 152, 181, 252, 316
spying and, 73, 180–83
Union soldiers disguised as slaves, 180–83, 243
Virginia, 6, 14, 26, 38, 39–40, 76
West Virginia, 296
See also blacks
Slidell, John, 121, 129, 305, 323
Smitley, C. W. D., 221–23, 234
smoking, 16
Soldier’s Aid Society, 390
songs, 14
Confederate, 5, 51, 67, 112, 222, 237, 238–40, 251, 312, 408
Union, 122, 411
South, xi, 23, 342
press, 39, 46–47, 61, 96, 103, 118, 124, 158, 165, 194, 215, 218, 286, 296, 303, 328, 425
Reconstruction, 425, 426
songs, 5, 51, 67, 112, 222, 237, 238–40, 251, 312, 408
See also Confederacy; Confederate army; Confederate espionage; specific states
South Carolina, xi, 27, 33, 98, 252, 295, 305–6, 316
Southern Literary Messenger, 280
souvenirs, bone, 265–66, 266
spinsterhood, 279–80
Spotsylvania, Battle of, 368, 379
Spotswood Hotel, Richmond, 319, 350
sprinters, 100
Spy, The (Cooper), 203
Stanley, Edward George, 357
Stanton, Edwin M., 26–27, 175, 220–21, 232, 235, 237, 238, 298, 314, 344, 349
Starr, Belle, 422
“Star–Spangled Banner, The,” 412
State Department, 23
steamships, 152, 246, 251, 306–8, 350
Stearns, Franklin, 158, 162, 163
Steuben Volunteers, 14
Stevenson, John, 392–93
Stewart, Damon, 15, 417–18
Stewart, Fanny, 188
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 358–59
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 414
Stringfellow, Benjamin Franklin, 179–80
strip search, 109–10, 111
Strother, David Hunter, 189
Stuart, J. E. B., 54, 99, 102, 180
Sturgis Rifles, 113
sugar, 50, 283
Sumter, 100
Swasey, William M., 353, 354, 355
“Sweet Little Man, The” (Holmes), 395
syphilis, 89
Taft, Horatio Nelson, 70–71
Taft, Julia, 70–71
“Take Me Back to My Own Sunny South,” 312
tannic acid, 330, 343, 364, 382
Taylor, Thomas, 389–90
telegraph, 27, 56, 84, 156, 294
Tennessee, xi, 61, 144, 150, 209, 286, 295, 302, 311, 313, 322
Fort Pillow massacre, 359
10th Maine Infantry, 202
Texas, 313, 421
Thirteenth Amendment, 403
31st Virginia Militia, 54, 201
Thompson, Franklin. See Edmondson, Emma
tobacco, 16, 64, 143, 144, 304, 352, 407, 408
Todd, David H., 38, 42–43
Todd, George Rogers Clark, 41
tokens, 342, 343
Tremont House, Boston, 374–75
Trent Affair, 121, 129
Tubman, Harriet, 252
Turner, Dick, 162
Turner, Thomas Pratt, 162
Twain, Mark, 402, 421
12th Illinois Cavalry, 235
12th Virginia Infantry, 54
20th Michigan, 301
21st Pennsylvania Regiment, 51
27th North Carolina Infantry, 134
28th Pennsylvania Regiment, 99
Tyler, John, 216
typhoid fever, 16, 21, 47, 120, 122, 134, 148, 195, 314
Underground, Richmond. See Richmond Underground
Underground Railroad (Confederate), 27, 96–103
uniforms, 33
Confederate, 33, 98, 98, 124, 138, 162, 164, 166, 279, 366
inconsistency of, 33
Union, 4, 32, 33, 270, 277
Union, 42, 403
flag, 9, 50, 64, 85
songs, 122, 141
Union army, 4, 94, 424
Anaconda Plan, 113
at Antietam, 247–49
black soldiers, 305–6, 259, 410, 415
bone souvenirs, 265–66, 266
casualties, 185–86, 208, 213, 224, 246, 247, 270, 368
at Chancellorsville, 293
deserters, 58, 292, 300–301, 345, 360, 392–93, 416–18
drills, 14, 60, 64
at First Bull Run, 19, 22, 30, 31–36, 37, 47, 53, 57, 63, 68, 80, 266
at Five Forks, 408
food, 16, 61, 153–54, 243–44
at Fredericksburg, 268–71
at Front Royal, 202–4, 204, 205–9
at Gettysburg, 296, 303–4, 329
immigrant regiments, 9, 10, 14
in Kentucky, 278–82, 289
logistics, 122, 152
mail carriers, 151, 214, 245, 261, 265, 269, 291
in Martinsburg, 3–10, 49–56, 234–35
Overland Campaign, 368, 369, 379–80
Peninsula Campaign, 152–57, 180–86, 193–99, 210–14, 218, 232, 242
pensions, 418–19
photography, 247
picket duty, 63–65, 221
pregnant soldiers, 277–78
prostitutes, 62–63, 92
recruiting, 4, 12–19, 58
at Second Bull Run, 244–46
Seven Days Battles, 224–27
at Seven Pines, 210–14
Shenandoah Valley campaign, 4–10, 14, 19, 50, 58, 99, 105, 133–40, 187–92, 200–214, 218–23
signals, 55, 68, 180, 183
at Spotsylvania, 368, 379
stolen weapons, 99, 102
training, 11, 14, 60
uniforms, 4, 32, 33, 270, 277
Valley Campaign, 200–209, 402
in Washington, DC, 11, 11, 12–30, 57–74, 84–95, 104–23, 151–52, 167–68, 178–80, 246–47, 402
in the Wilderness, 368, 379
at Williamsburg, 183–86
winter quarters, 121–23
women posing as soldiers in, 11–13, 13, 14–19, 32–33, 57–65, 89–95, 119–23, 151–57, 178–86, 193–99, 210–14, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 289–92, 299–300, 394–95, 416–19
See also specific battles and generals
Union espionage, 27, 45, 47, 51, 63, 156, 220–27, 286
Belle Boyd trapped by, 221–23, 234
children used in, 228–29
in Confederate White House, 128–30, 233, 253, 255–56, 286–87, 293–94, 341, 380, 382, 405–6
Emma Edmondson and, 156–57, 176–86, 193–99, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 289–92, 394–95, 416–19
execution of Timothy Webster, 158–60, 176
prison escapes, 80–82, 162–66, 227–30, 309–11, 325–26, 345–48, 365–67
in Richmond, 42–48, 75–83, 124–30, 156–66, 193–94, 227–33, 252–58, 286–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–85, 396–98, 405–12
Richmond Underground, 252–58, 269, 286–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–84, 384, 385, 396–98, 405–12, 424
tokens, 342, 343
Elizabeth Van Lew and, 42–48, 75–83, 124–30, 158–66, 227–33, 252–58, 283–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–85, 396–98, 423–24
See also secret service; specific spies
Union navy, 55, 61, 113, 152, 231, 246, 306, 350, 361, 372, 375, 377
blockade, 50, 58, 61, 73, 77, 100–101, 101, 102–3, 253, 283, 305–9, 336–37, 349–55, 356, 372, 386, 387
Trent Affair, 121, 129
US Colored Troops, 359
US Commission Rel
ating to State Prisoners, 167–75
US Sanitary Commission, 393–94
Valley Campaign, 136–40, 200–209, 402
Van Buren, Martin, 23
Vanderbilt, 152
Van Dorn, Earl, 336
Van Lew, Annie, 79, 125, 228–29, 309, 325, 410–11, 426
Van Lew, Eliza (mother of Elizabeth Van Lew), 39, 41, 361, 425
Van Lew, Eliza (niece of Elizabeth Van Lew), 79, 125, 228, 410–11, 426–28
Van Lew, Elizabeth, 36, 37, 37, 38–48, 75–83, 124, 176, 227, 283
abolitionist views, 39–41, 78–79, 423
Benjamin Butler and, 327–31, 343–45, 363–65, 423
cipher of, 331, 331, 341–43, 364, 382
death of, 428–29
education of, 39
fall of Richmond and, 408–12
family flag, 412, 413
Grant and, 407–8, 411–12, 424–29
homespun disguise of, 346, 347, 382
mansion of (see Church Hill mansion)
network assembled by, 82–83
as postmaster of Richmond, 424–26
postwar life of, 423–27, 427, 428–29
prison visits and escapes, 42–48, 75–76, 80–82, 162–66, 227–30, 309–11, 325–26, 345–48, 365–67
Richmond Underground of, 252–58, 269, 286–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–84, 384, 385, 396–98, 405–12, 424
threats against, 331, 332, 348, 397
as Union spy, 42–48, 78–83, 124–30, 158–66, 227–33, 252–58, 283–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–85, 396–98, 423–24
Van Lew, John (brother of Elizabeth Van Lew), 40, 41, 77–78, 78, 79, 124–25, 160, 228, 257, 283, 309–10, 346–48, 405, 423–24, 426
conscription of, 327, 346, 362
as a deserter, 346–47, 381, 385
Van Lew, John (father of Elizabeth Van Lew), 38, 39, 40, 125
Van Lew, Mary, 41, 77–79, 82, 83, 124, 160, 163, 228, 257, 309, 385, 396
venereal disease, 89–90
veterans, 416, 418–19, 422, 423
pensions, 418–19
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 278–79, 284, 337
fall of, 303–4, 327, 394
Virginia, xi, 3–10, 26, 28–56, 61, 75–83, 100–101, 122, 133, 152, 180, 261–62, 295–97, 316
Battle of Chancellorsville, 293
Battle of Fredericksburg, 268–71
Battle of Front Royal, 202–4, 204, 205–9
Battle of Williamsburg, 183–86
First Battle of Bull Run, 19, 22, 30, 31–36, 37, 47, 53, 57, 63, 68, 80, 266
Peninsula Campaign, 152–57, 180–86, 193–99, 210–14, 218, 232, 242
Richmond bread riot, 283, 283, 284–88
secession, 4, 41, 79
Second Battle of Bull Run, 244–46
slavery, 6, 14, 26, 38, 39–40, 76
voting rights, xii, 425
Wadsworth, James, 250–51
Wakeman, Lyons, 299
Wakeman, Sarah Rosetta, 299–300
Walbridge, Hiram, 73–74
Walker, Dr. Mary E., 366
Walker, Norman S., 308–9
War Department, 12, 43, 68, 105, 110, 257, 278–79, 286, 287, 306, 416
Wardwell, Burnham, 255
War of 1812, 143
Warrenton Junction, 243, 244, 256, 262
Washington, DC, xi, xii, 7, 11–19, 27, 50, 57, 96, 246, 257, 294, 300, 375, 402, 420, 425
Confederate espionage in, 20–30, 35, 53, 66–74, 84–88, 96, 97, 104–18, 141–50, 166–77, 236–41, 312–19
hospitals, 246
prisons, 141–42, 142, 143–50, 166–77, 209, 217, 299–300, 312–15
prostitution, 62–63
slavery and, 23, 26
society, 21–23, 26, 66–68, 85, 167–68
Union army in, 11, 11, 12–30, 57–74, 84–95, 104–23, 151–52, 167–68, 178–80, 246–47, 402
wartime conditions, 13–14, 64, 246
Washington, George, 155
Washington Daily News, 423
Washington Monument, 66, 402
Washington Star, 238
watches, 331
water closets, 127, 375
Watson, Mary, 101
Watson-Taylor, George, 357
weapons, 51, 181
carried by women, 8–10, 49, 51, 103, 141, 146, 153–55, 183, 216, 235
Confederate shortage of, 99–100
mounted guns, 181
stolen Union guns, 99, 102
Webb, J. C., 134
Webster, Timothy, 156–60, 176, 178
Weitzel, Godfrey, 423
Welles, Gideon, 375
West, 23
West Point, 22, 59, 99
West Virginia, 295–97, 378
slavery, 296
as Union state, 295–96
Wharncliffe, Lord, 368–69
wheat, 143, 144
Wheeling, West Virginia, 295, 296
White, R. J., 252
White, William, 406, 407
White House, 13, 26–27, 67
White House Landing, 193, 213, 226
White Oak Swamp, 227
Whitman, Walt, xi, xiii, 121
Wilderness, Battle of the, 368, 379
Willard’s Hotel, 62, 71
Williams, James, 377
Williams, Nellie, 62
Williamsburg, Battle of, 183–86, 417
Wilmington, North Carolina, 100, 305, 350, 390, 397, 403
Wilson, Henry D., 24, 35, 66, 68–69, 85, 104–5, 108, 115, 209
Wilson, Joseph D., 370–71, 387, 388
Winans, E. B., 418
Winchester, Virginia, 136, 200–202, 205, 235
Winder, Charles, 115
Winder, John, 44–45, 45, 46, 48, 80, 115, 164–65, 217, 258, 309–11, 347–48, 361–67, 381, 384
Winder, William, 44
Winfield, John Q., 133
Wisconsin, 72, 423
Wise Artillery, 103
women, xii–xiii, 115–16, 139, 140
“abdominal binding,” 298
arrest of, 106–18
camp followers, 62–63
education of, 7, 39, 125, 128, 414
exposed as soldiers, 277–78
as “fashionable spies,” 115–16
fear of spinsterhood, 279–80
French, 339
memoirs of, 304, 321–22, 394–95, 404, 414
in mourning, 21, 153–54, 294
phrenological studies on, 179
posing as soldiers, 11–13, 13, 14–19, 32–33, 57–65, 89–95, 119–23, 151–57, 178–86, 193–99, 210–14, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 261–71, 275–82, 289–92, 299–300, 394–95, 416–19
as postmasters, 424–26
pregnancy, 128–29, 277–78, 296, 298
in prison, 141–50, 159, 166–77, 209, 217, 234–41, 299–300, 312–15
as spies, see specific female spies
suicide of, 292
as surgeons, 366
traditional roles, 115–16
Women’s Relief Corps of Kilbourn, 423
Wood, William P., 145, 146, 175, 236, 237, 238, 250–51, 299, 315, 393
“Yankee Doodle Dandy,” 411
“Yankee skulls,” 266, 266
yellow fever, 43
York River, 155, 193, 226
Yorktown, 155, 179, 180–83
Zouaves, 34
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
KAREN ABBOTT is the New York Times bestselling author of Sin in the Second City and American Rose. She is a regular contributor to Smithsonian.com, and also writes for Disunion, the New York Times series about the Civil War. A native of Philadelphia, where she worked as a journalist, she now lives with her husband and two African Grey parrots in New York City.
Visit her online at karenabbott.net.
Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors.
ALSO BY KAREN ABBOTT
Sin in the Second City
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COVER DESIGN BY LYNN BUCKLEY
COVER PHOTOGRAPHS: © VICTORIA DAVIES / TREVILLION
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COPYRIGHT
LIAR, TEMPTRESS, SOLDIER, SPY. Copyright © 2014 by Karen Abbott. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
FIRST EDITION
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Abbott, Karen.
Liar, temptress, soldier, spy : four women undercover in the Civil War / Karen Abbott.—First edition.
pagescm
ISBN 978-0-06-209289-2
1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Secret service. 2. Women spies—United States—Biography. 3. Women spies—Confederate States of America—Biography. 4. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Participation, Female. 5. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Women. 6. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Biography. 7. Boyd, Belle, 1844–1900. 8. Greenhow, Rose O’Neal, 1814–1864. 9. Van Lew, Elizabeth L., 1818–1900. 10. Bowser, Mary Elizabeth, approximately 1840–. I. Title.
E608.A222014
973.7'85—dc23
2014013602
EPUB Edition September 2014 ISBN 9780062092915
1415161718OV/RRD10987654321
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