Imperfect Union

Home > Other > Imperfect Union > Page 50
Imperfect Union Page 50

by Steve Inskeep


  Carvalho, Solomon Nunes, 274–81, 297

  Castro, José, 126–27, 132, 224

  expulsion order, 128–30, 131, 148, 151–52

  Frémont’s expedition, 126–27

  Mexican-American War, 157, 158, 160–61, 167

  Cathcart, Andrew, 208

  Catlin, George, 1

  Cecilia (girlfriend), 6–8, 9, 37, 128, 177, 333, 341

  Central Valley, 116–17, 222–23

  Cervantes, Miguel de, 236

  Chagres River, 200–201

  Champs-Élysées (Paris), 271–72

  Charleston, South Carolina, 2, 4–9, 11–12

  Charleston Courier, 11, 305

  Charleston Harbor, 4–5, 341

  Charleston Mercury, 324

  Chase, Salmon P., 296, 298, 313, 341

  Cherokee Indians, 12–13, 204, 249, 269

  Cherokee removal, 12–13, 249

  Cherry Grove, 20

  Cheyenne Indians, 114–15

  Child, David Lee, 89

  Child, Lydia Maria, 318–19

  Chinatown (San Francisco), 253, 260

  China trade, 27–28, 38

  Chinese immigrants, 219, 250, 253, 259

  Chinook, William “Billy,” xix

  Second Expedition, 72–73, 78

  Third Expedition, 110

  U.S. Army career, 344

  Chouteau, Pierre, Jr., 25

  Chouteau family, 15, 25, 47–48

  Chouteau’s Landing, 48–49

  chronometers, 42–43, 47, 53–54

  Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad, 11–12

  Civil War, xxvi, 341–46

  Clark, William, 25–26, 196

  Clay, Henry, 101–4, 237, 241–42, 247

  Cochetopa Pass, 278–79

  Cochrane, Thomas, 271–72

  College of Charleston, 5–6, 8, 9

  Colonel Fremont (ship), 220–21, 227

  Colorado River, 190, 199

  Colt, Samuel, 239–40

  Colton, Walter, 227

  Colton Hall (Monterey), 227–28

  Colt Revolvers, 239–40, 241

  Columbia River, 28, 40, 71–73, 344

  Columbus, Christopher, 27–28

  Commentaries on the Laws of England (Blackstone), 205, 235–36

  Compromise of 1850, 241–43, 247–49, 269

  Confiscation Act of 1862, 342–43

  Conquest of California. See California Campaign

  Constitution of California, 232–33, 240

  Constitution of the United States, xxviii

  Continental Divide, 40, 51–52, 278–79, 280

  Cosumne Indians, 208

  Crafts, William, 5

  Crescent City (ship), 193–95, 200–204, 224

  Crosby, Elisha, 229, 231–32, 233

  Crow Nation, 48

  Cuba, 274

  daguerreotypes, 43, 54, 273–76, 278–81, 297–98, 343

  Daily Madisonian, 99, 103

  Dakota Territory, 344

  Dalles, The, 72

  Davis, Jefferson, 272

  Dayton, William L., 314, 318–21

  Declaration of Independence, 340

  Declaration of Sentiments, 245

  Defoe, Daniel, 149

  de Haro, Francisco, 158

  de Haro, Ramon, 158

  Delany, Martin, 270, 343

  Delaware Indians, 114, 116, 134, 137–38, 140, 143–44, 158, 276, 279–80

  Democratic National Convention (1844), 92–94, 112

  Democratic National Convention (1856), 298–99

  Democratic Party, xxvi, 22, 95, 233, 256–57, 292

  Kansas-Nebraska Act and, 284–85

  presidential election of 1840, 35

  presidential election of 1844, 92–95, 101–5

  presidential election of 1852, 270–71, 272, 290–91

  presidential election of 1856, 292–93, 295, 298–99, 315–16, 321, 331–32, 334–35

  Des Moines River, 36

  de Soto, Hernando, 150–51

  Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 44, 56, 200, 213

  Dickens, Charles, 312

  Dix, John Adams, 149

  Dodge, Augustus, 251

  Dodson, Jacob, 353

  background of, 60

  Benton and Senate job, 90–91, 342

  during Civil War, 342

  Mexican-American War, 166, 178, 247

  government compensation, 309–10

  Second Expedition, 59, 60, 78–80, 96

  slavery and Compromise of 1850, 247–48

  Third Expedition, xix, xx–xxi, 110, 140

  Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 299

  Donner Lake, 116

  Donner Party, 228

  Don Quixote (Cervantes), 236

  Douglas, Stephen A., 242, 284, 340–41

  Douglass, Anna. See Murray-Douglass, Anna

  Douglass, Frederick, 86–87, 242–46

  during Civil War, 342–43

  Compromise of 1850, 242–46, 246, 269

  Kansas-Nebraska Act and, 284

  National Convention of Colored Citizens (1843), 86–87, 243

  Polk and Mexican-American War, 167

  presidential election of 1852 and, 270–71

  presidential election of 1856 and, 319–21

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 269–70

  women’s suffrage, 244–45

  Dred Scott v. Sandford, 339–40

  election of 1821, 28–29

  election of 1824, 20

  election of 1828, 22

  election of 1844, 92–95, 101–4

  election of 1852, 270–71, 272

  election of 1854, 286–87, 291

  election of 1856, xxii, xxiii–xxiv, 293–306, 308, 310–37

  Academy of Music event, 333–34

  American (Know-Nothing) Party nominee Fillmore, 299, 310–11, 325, 329, 330, 336

  attacks on John’s character, 322–28

  Benton and, 301–2, 329–30

  Blair’s role, 294–97

  Democratic Party nominee Buchanan, 298–99, 315–16, 321, 331–32, 334–35

  electoral map, 331–32, 334–36

  Jessie’s role, xxiii–xxiv, 293–95, 299–302, 311–12, 315–19, 323–25, 329, 333–34, 336–37

  John’s life story and credentials, 299–301

  Republican National Convention, 311–15

  slavery and, 293, 295–96, 298–99, 302–6, 309–11, 314–15, 318–22, 331

  election of 1860, xxviii, 341, 350

  Ellsworth, Annie, 92

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 346

  Emmett, Robert, 312

  Empress of China, 28

  Ericsson, John, 343, 376n

  Erie, Lake, 184–85

  Erie Canal, 11, 184

  Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations (1853), 273

  expeditions. See Fifth Expedition; First Expedition; Fourth Expedition; Second Expedition; Third Expedition

  Farragut, David G., 10, 343

  Federal Reserve, 113

  Fifth Expedition (1853–1854), 274–81, 301

  Filkins, Carrie, 318

  Fillmore, Millard

  Compromise of 1850, 242

  presidential election of 1856, 299, 310–11, 325, 333, 335

  First Expedition (1842), 47–55, 274

  assembling equipment, 42–43

  assembling men, 47–48

  assembling supplies, 48–49

  Benton’s role, 40–42

  fame and recruitment, xix–xxi

  Fremont Peak, 46, 52–55, 58, 67

  media coverage of, 67–68, 69–70
<
br />   media reports, 49–50

  Report on an Exploration, 56–59, 67, 68–70

  Florida, statehood, 232

  Floyd, John B., 292–93, 342

  Foote, Henry, 239–42, 248, 251

  Foreign Book Store, 21

  Fort Laramie, 50

  Fort Leavenworth, 176

  Fort Sumter, 5, 10, 341–42

  Fort Vancouver, 72

  Foster, Stephen, 317–18

  Fourth Expedition (1848–1849), 184–87, 189–214, 221–22

  Frederick Douglass’ Paper, 270, 319–20

  Free Democracy, 270–71

  Free Soil, 167, 271, 315, 321, 334

  Fremon, Charles, 3–4, 299–300, 325

  Fremon, Elizabeth, 4, 13

  Fremon, Francis, 4, 13

  Frémont, Benton, 182–83, 185, 186, 260

  Fremont, California, xxiv, 220

  Frémont, Elizabeth Benton “Lily,” 56, 59, 96, 97, 110, 145–46, 147, 149–50, 175, 185, 194, 203, 212, 338, 351

  Frémont, Francis Preston “Frank,” 294–95, 324–25, 337, 351

  Frémont, Jessie Benton, 262, 338

  arrest of John in London, 265–66

  arrival in California, 217–21, 223–25

  bond with father, 20–22, 31–32

  California Senate career of John, 234–35, 246

  during Civil War, 345–46

  courtship with John, 35–37

  death of, 352

  early life of, 19–26, 29

  education of, 31–33

  elopement with John, 37, 39, 168, 300, 317

  fame and celebrity of, xxiii–xxv, 98, 168, 204, 317, 324, 333, 347–48, 355, 357

  family life and children, 43–44, 55–56, 97–98, 182–83, 191–92, 252, 256, 294, 324–25. See also specific children

  Fifth Expedition, 276–77, 283–84, 285–86

  first encounter with John, 17, 19, 32–33

  First Expedition, 43, 55–56

  Fourth Expedition, 184–87

  legacy of, 350–53

  Memoirs of My Life, 351–52

  Mexican-American War and, 145–46, 147–51, 165, 167–71, 173–78

  Monterey Convention, 231–32

  Panama, 192–95, 200–204, 210–14, 252

  in Paris, 268, 271–72

  personality of, 20–21

  presidential election of 1856, xxiii–xxiv, 293–95, 299–302, 311–12, 315–19, 323–25, 329, 333–34, 336–37

  in San Francisco, 252–53, 256–57, 259–61, 263–64

  Second Expedition, 59–64, 67, 95–99

  slavery and, 29–31, 167, 193–94, 224–25, 233, 256–57, 271–72, 286, 294, 301, 318–19

  Third Expedition, 109–10, 123–24, 145–46

  letter, 147–51

  trip to St. Louis, 23–26

  A Year of American Travel, 348–49

  Frémont, John Charles, 100, 237, 338

  affair with Cecilia, 6–8, 9, 37, 128, 177, 333, 341

  arrest in London, 265–66

  business ventures and land holdings, 256–59, 264–65, 272–73, 288, 346–47. See also Las Mariposas

  Catholicism of, 325–28

  during Civil War, 344–46

  Conquest of California, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxv–xxvi, 165–76

  court martial and resignation of, 176–82

  death of, 349

  early life of, 4–5

  education of, 5–6

  expeditions. See Fifth Expedition; First Expedition; Fourth Expedition; Second Expedition; Third Expedition

  fame and celebrity of, xxi–xxv, 99, 181, 225, 246, 265–66, 347–48, 355, 357

  illegitimate birth of, 3–4, 299–300, 325

  legacy of, 350–53

  name change of, 4

  Nicollet’s mentoring of, 14–17, 37, 39, 116, 181, 277, 327

  Poinsett’s mentoring of, 9–11, 13, 14–15

  presidential election of 1856, 293–306, 310–37, 350

  attacks on personal character, 322–28

  life story and credentials, 299–301

  Senator from California (1850-1851), 233–36, 246–56

  gold-mining bill, 249–52, 254–56, 300–301

  Indian tribes, 248–49

  land titles bill, 248, 254

  reelection campaign and legislature deadlock, 252–56

  slavery issue, 247, 254

  Frémont, John Charles, II “Charlie,” 260, 261, 263, 265, 294

  Fremont, Nebraska, xxiv, 352

  Fremont, New Hampshire, 181

  Fremont, New York, 181

  Fremont, Ohio, 181, 318, 348

  Frémont Emancipation, 345

  Frémont Family Hotel (San Francisco), 220

  Fremontia vermicularis, 98

  Fremont Peak, xxiv, 46, 52–55, 58, 67, 98, 353

  Frémont’s cottonwood (Populus fremontii), xxiv

  Fremont’s Exploring Expedition, 192–93

  “Frémont’s Gold Bill,” 249–52, 254–56, 300–301

  Fremont Street, San Francisco, 220

  Fremont Street Experience, Las Vegas, xxiv

  Frémont v. United States, 288

  Fremont Weekly Freeman, 181

  Frugal Housewife, The (Child), 318–19

  Fugitive Slave Act, 241–42, 410n

  Fuller, Oliver, 279

  gag rule, 87

  Garnet, Henry Highland, 85–86

  Garrison, William Lloyd, 86, 319, 322–23

  Gavilan Peak, 129–30, 131

  Gerdes, F. H., 37

  Geyer, Henry S., 256–57

  Gilded Age, 347

  Gillespie, Archibald H., 134–37, 143–44, 161, 162

  ginseng, 362n

  “Give ‘Em Jessie” (song), 317–18

  Godey, Alex, 113

  Fourth Expedition, 185, 205–8, 221

  John’s court-martial, 176, 178, 185

  Third Expedition, 113

  Golden Gate, xxii, xxv, 122, 158–59, 182, 217, 222

  gold-mining bill, 249–52, 254–56, 300–301

  Gold Rush, xxi, 190–91, 212, 222, 224, 226–27, 257–58, 303

  Gorgona, 201–2, 394n

  Grant, Ulysses S., 346

  Great Basin, 71, 75, 106, 115–16, 116, 123

  Great Salt Lake, 71, 99, 106, 241

  Greeley, Horace, 70, 341

  Kansas-Nebraska Act, 284

  presidential election of 1856, 298, 304, 310–11, 314, 321, 332, 333, 335

  Green River, 85

  Gwin, William M.

  California Convention, 220, 228–29, 232–33

  slavery issue, 228–29, 232–33

  during Civil War, 343

  Senator from California, 233, 246–47, 248, 251–52, 256, 272

  Haitian Revolution, 7

  Hale, John P., 271

  Haler, Vincent, 208

  Hall, James, 98

  Hallowell, Mary, 244

  Halstead, Murat, 314

  Hannah (maid), 3–4

  Harriot (maid), 193, 194

  Harrison, Benjamin, 134

  Harrison, William Henry, 35–36

  Hastings, Lansford, 228

  Hastings Cutoff, 228

  Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 271–72

  Hayes, Rutherford B., 181, 348

  Herald of Freedom, 304

  Hernandez, Pablo, 96

  Hill, George P., xxii–xxiii

  Hoffman, David, 258, 264–65, 266–68

  “horse-thief Indians,” 113, 121, 132

  howitzer, 60, 61–62, 71

  Hudson River, 184

  Hultmann, F., 247 />
  Humboldt, Alexander von, 16, 116

  Huntington, Collis P., 211, 224, 349

  Ide, William B., 152–56

  Illinois, 69, 87, 205, 242, 284, 291–92, 335

  Independence Rock, 58–59, 326

  Indians, xxv–xxvi, 117. See also specific tribes

  of California, 230, 248–49, 250, 264

  Cherokee removal, 12–13, 249

  Clark and, 25–26, 196

  Fifth Expedition, 275, 276, 280

  First Expedition, 51, 55, 58, 69–70

  Fourth Expedition, 204, 206–7, 208

  Second Expedition, 60, 61–64, 70–71, 72, 75, 76–79, 81, 96

  Third Expedition, 113–15, 121, 133, 143–44

  Klamath Lake Massacre, 137–40

  Sacramento River Massacre, 132–33

  Indian Removal Act, 12–13, 30, 303

  Indian Wars, 26, 113, 126, 145, 343–44

  Industrial Revolution, xxvi–xxvii

  Iowa, 69, 232, 251

  Iowa Constitution, 228, 229

  Iowa State Democrat, 321

  Irish Catholic immigrants, 101–2, 290–91

  Irving, Washington, 25–26, 68–69

  Jackson, Andrew, 32

  Benton and, 22, 26–27, 39, 363n

  Blair and, 295–96, 341

  on Buchanan, 107

  Cherokee removal policy, 12

  presidential election of 1824, 20

  presidential election of 1828, 22

  slavery and, 9, 10

  spoils system, 169

  Jacob, Richard T., 194–95, 201

  Janisse, Johnny Auguste, 49, 53, 54, 55

  Jefferson, Thomas, 19, 28, 89, 352

  Jefferson City, Missouri, 185–86

  Jessie Circles, 317, 324

  Jessie Clubs, 333

  Johnston, Albert Sidney, 26, 342

  Jones, Elizabeth Benton, 17, 23–24, 31–33, 169–70

  Jones, William Carey, 169–70, 179, 191

  kanakas, 80–81

  Kansas-Nebraska Act, 284–85, 292, 299, 302–3

  Kansas River, 41, 49, 50, 56–58, 275, 277, 284, 303, 304

  Kansas Territory, 284–85, 292, 299, 302–5, 312–13

  Kearny, Stephen Watts, 172–73

  Battle of San Pasqual, 172

  Benton and, 181, 184

  command rivalry with Stockton, 172–73

  John and, 173, 174–76, 345

  court martial and trial, 177, 179–80, 181, 223, 253

  Kearny Street, San Francisco, 253

  Kennedy, John F., 344

  Kern, Edward M., 114, 185, 197, 198

  Kern, Richard H., 197–98, 206, 210

  King, T. Butler, 255

  King, Thomas Butler, 220, 229

  King, William R., 299

  King James Bible, 102

  Kitty (maid), 187

  Klamath Indians, 133, 136–40, 143–44

  Klamath Lake, 74, 133, 136–40

 

‹ Prev