407 ‘copper slope . . . rocky hill’: TK, p. 548.
408 The earth is our tabernacle, a receptacle for all decompositions . . .: Michael Serres, Statues: The Second Book of Foundations, trans. Randolph Burks (London: Bloomsbury, 2015), p. 17.
410 The Greek word for ‘sign’, sema, is also the word for ‘grave’: see Harrison, The Dominion of the Dead, p. 20.
410 ‘marker system . . . during the next 10,000 years’: Kathleen M. Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers to Deter Inadvertent Intrusion into the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND92–1382. UC-721 (1993)
410 ‘Human Interference Task Force’: Thomas Sebeok, ‘Communication Measures to Bridge Ten Millennia (Technical Report)’, Research Centre for Language and Semiotic Studies, for Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, BMI/ONWI-532 (1984), p. iii.
411 ‘passive institutional controls’: Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, pp. 1–12.
411 ‘Landscape of Thorns’: Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, pp. F-61-F-62.
411 ‘ danger to the body’: Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, p. F-42.
411 ‘Black Hole’: Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, pp. F-70-F-71.
411 ‘Forbidding Blocks ‘: Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, pp. F-74-F-75.
412 ‘active communication system’: D’Agata, About a Mountain, p. 93.
412 ‘atomic priesthood.’: Sebeok, ‘Communication Measures to Bridge Ten Millen nia’, p. 24.
412 ‘laying a trail of myths. . . keep people away’: D’Agata, About a Mountain, p. 93.
412 ‘our society’s largest conscious attempt. . . the abyss of deep time’: Gregory Benford, Deep Time: How Humanity Communicates across Millennia (New York: Avon Books, 1999), p. 85.
413 The map will be slightly domed: see for details and diagram, Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, p. F-76.
413 ‘a map of the Empire . . . inhabited by Animals and Beggars’: Jorge Luis Borges, ‘On Exactitude in Science’, in Borges, Jorge Luis Borges: Collected Fictions, trans. Andrew Hurley (London: Penguin, 1998), p. 325.
413 ‘Hot Cell’: Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, pp. 3–7.
414 ‘We are going to tell you what lies underground . . . keep the room intact and buried’: see Trauth et al., ‘Expert Judgment on Markers’, Appendix F.
419 ‘People are best able to change . . . in building our next home’: Jedediah Purdy, After Nature: A Politics for the Anthropocene (Cambridge, M A: Harvard University Press, 2015), p. 288.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
‘Place is always moving, like a sleeping cat,’ observes Toshiya Tsunoda, beautifully. Sometimes you have to stay still to see its subtle shifts, the dream-shudders of its skin. Much of the research and thinking for Underland happened not underground but in libraries and through books. This bibliography details some of the many texts I consulted over the years, and which helped me try to find both language and form for subjects that – by definition of their involvement with the underland – often resisted easy containment or expression. I have asterisked those texts that were especially interesting or influential to me, or to which I am particularly indebted for information. Asserted facts, suggested details and thought-splinters on the part of Underland’s narrator may be tested with reference to the works cited here and in the notes. I am deeply grateful to the many explorers, artists, writers and scholars who have descended into the darkness before me.
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*________, et al., ‘Solastalgia: The Distress Caused by Environmental Change’, Australian Psychiatry 15:1 (2007)
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*Alley, Richard B., The Two-Mile Time Machine (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000)
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*Apunen, Antti, Divers of the Dark: Exploring Budapest’s Underground Caves, trans. Marju Galitsos (Helsinki: Tammi, 2015)
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________, To Breathe with Birds: A Book of Landscapes, trans. Evan W. Mellander (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015)
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*________, Underworld (New York: Scribner, 1997)
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________, The Darkness Beckons (1980; Sheffield: Vertebrate Press, 2017)
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________, ‘Reading Edward Thomas in the Anthropocene’, Green Letters 18:2 (2014)
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*________, et al. (eds.), Global Undergrounds: Exploring Cities Within (London: Reaktion Books, 2016)
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*Graham, Stephen, Vertical: The City from Satellites to Bunkers (London: Verso, 2016)
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