Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Introduction
1. What Are the Character's Internal Traits?
2. What Are the Character's External Traits?
3. What Does the Character Want, Not Want, or Need?
4. What Does the Character Like or Dislike?
5. What Does the Character Fear?
6. What Does the Character Believe?
7. What Are the Character's Strengths, Weaknesses, and Habits?
8. What Is the Character's Background?
9. What Is the Character's Self-Assessment?
10. What Is the Character's "Type"?
11. Does the Character Have a Nickname?
12. What Is the Character's Job?
13. Will the Character Face a Nonhuman Adversary?
14. What Plot Drivers Will Affect the Character?
CREATING
CHARACTERS
A Writer's Reference to the Personality Traits That Bring Fictional People to Life
by
HOWARD LAUTHER
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Jefferson, North Carolina, and London
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Lauther, Howard, 1935–
Creating chararacters : a writer’s reference to the personality traits that bring fictional people to life / by Howard Lauther
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-7864-2031-6
1. Fiction—Technique. 2. Characters and characteristics in literature. I. Title.
PN3383.C4L37 2004
808.3'97 — dc21 98-8073
British Library cataloguing data are available
©1998 Howard Lauther. All rights reserved
On the cover: ©2004 Photospin
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640
www.mcfarlandpub.com
This is a book about beginnings, and it is dedicated to every creative writer who has ever faced a blank sheet of paper with sometimes only a vague notion about some fictional characters and the story that will house them.
Introduction
This is not a how-to book. It is not a step-by-step, paint-by-the-numbers kind of reference guide that, if carefully followed, will lead you to create an audience-pleasing novel or script. Instead, Creating Characters was developed for the writer who wants to know as much as possible about a fictional character before putting one word on paper. To help the writer achieve that end, it asks a series of questions. What are the character's internal and external traits? What are his or her needs, fears, and beliefs? What does the character do for a living? The answers to these and other questions are vital parts of the biography that brings a fictional character to life.
For each question, Creating Characters provides either a wide array of possible answers or a series of further questions. Either way, the material provided is designed to encourage considerable thought about who will be charged with driving the plot. Mind you, sometimes all it takes to create an interesting hero or heroine is the answer to just one question. But even that single answer can be elusive, and the writer can waste a lot of time if he or she jumps headlong into a story with only a vague notion about the people who are in it.
Creating Characters is like a tool box. It contains hammer, saw, nails, screwdrivers, braces, levels, rulers, and other paraphernalia necessary for construction, but only the writer's skilled use of them can build something great in literature. Indeed, the tools in this book are useless without the writer's unique insight, raw talent, and ability to organize disparate parts into a coherent whole. A whopping good tale, filled with enchanting characters, is a magical act of creation—and the magic comes from within.
Ultimately, this reference book has been developed to help the writer find something that may otherwise be overlooked—crucial character traits that are too often missing, leaving only stereotypes and overworked stories in their absence. It has been developed for that writer who appreciates complexity and who knows that interesting characters make interesting stories—not the other way around.
The traits, types, fears, beliefs, and so forth discussed in this book are intended to apply to characters of either gender. For simplicity's sake, however, I have chosen to use the pronoun and its related forms in all character descriptions. I hope this does not offend the reader, or the female fictional character who is now waiting in the wings to be discovered.
Creating Characters is simple to use, but it does not take a simplistic approach, for it looks at character development from a great many angles. The best approach is always to launch your search from the Table of Contents, for it lists all the primary questions. The Table of Contents is the writer's springboard into much greater depth of detail.
Again, however, this book makes no attempt to dictate precise steps that will lead to three-dimensional characters and thumping-good stories. That is a journey you must take on your own.
1. What Are the Character's Internal Traits?
A fictional character's internal traits are not always visible to the others in the story. While fellow characters might easily spot one who is adventurous because that trait will bleed through to the outside and affect his manner, it is not always going to be readily apparent to all of the other characters if, say, the hero is intuitive or keenly observant. The author should let the reader in on the secret, but at the same time he may well choose to keep at least one internal trait hidden from the other characters in the story.
Some internal traits are inborn or inherited. These are the traits determined by a character's genetic makeup. They remain constant throughout his life, sometimes increasing or decreasing in intensity, depending upon his social environment, the prevailing situation, and so on.
Other internal traits are acquired over time depending on the character's experience—for example, his education and social environment, or specific incidents that have occurred in his life. A character who is distrustful or cynical will usually not be born that way; instead, it is the result of what he has seen, heard, or endured.
Some acquired internal traits are strictly transitory. One or more of them may be present within the character at the beginning of the story, or they may not become a part of his inner nature until later. In either case they have the potential to disappear quickly, depending upon what turn the plot takes. Discontent, for instance, can become a character's inner trait, yet it can vanish almost immediately when he or she becomes satisfied in some way.
Here is a list of internal traits, one or more of which may be used to help formulate a fictional character.
INTELLIGENT
Related Traits:
All-knowing, analytical, astute, brainy, bright, brilliant, clever, cunning, discerning, keen-witted, logical, omniscient, perceptive, philosophical, quick, quick-witted, rational, reasonable, sharp, shrewd, smart, understanding.
Character Possibilities: Discerns things quickly and grasps concepts with better-than-average speed. Tends to divide problems and concepts into individual parts, not only seeing their relationships but observing other factors as well.
Ability to identify "gray areas" is particularly sharp.
While viewing elements that seem identical, can discern what sets one apart from the other. Tracks the ascending or descending parts of an argument and finds fault lines within them.
Sees the cause and effect of things that are often hidden from others.
Explores the sections and sub-sections of an argument as if each were a passageway that held secrets. Has a mind like a highly polished diamond. Through the power of thought, able to encircle the
truth of a matter.
UNINTELLIGENT
Related Traits:
Addlebrained, backward, birdwitted, blockheaded, brainless, dense, dizzy, doltish, dopey, dull, dull-witted, dumb, empty-headed, featherbrained, foolish, fuddlebrained, ignorant, lean-witted, mindless, oafish, obtuse, rattlebrained, shallow, shallow-brained, simple-minded, stolid, stupid, superficial, thick, thick-headed, undiscerning, unperceptive, unwise, vacuous, witless, woodenheaded.
Character Possibilities:
Lags behind the average person in learning something new.
His mind contains only the thinnest layer of knowledge.
Intellect has been severely impaired since birth.
Slow to catch the meaning of a joke, and therefore may not know that he is the butt of it.
Cannot grasp complexities.
Sees only what is directly in front of him.
Implications, hints, hidden meanings, ambiguities, and all the subtleties that often enter human conversation are likely to pass him by without his ever noticing them.
Notions enter his mind with only the greatest of difficulty.
His thoughts are heavy-footed and move slowly.
Each drop of learning that penetrates his brain creates an echo there.
What Are the Character's Internal Traits?
CERTAIN
Related Traits:
Believing, cocksure, confident, convinced, fixed, overconfident, persuaded, positive, self-assured, self-confident, undoubting.
Character Possibilities:
Satisfied that something is true, even if it isn't.
Has no doubt that something has happened or will happen.
Accepts something as being true, because that is what he has always been taught. Has drawn a conclusion about something, as a result of what he has experienced.
Within his conviction there is no room for doubt.
Regarding something, someone, or himself, is in possession of an unshakable conviction. Accepts someone's word without questioning it, possibly because it is preceded by trust.
Feels perfectly safe surrounded by his assumptions.
Has come to accept something because he has been heavily influenced by someone's arguments.
UNCERTAIN
Related Traits:
Confused, doubtful, confounded, daunted, hesitant, indecisive, indefinite, irresolute, irresolved, unconvinced, undecided, undetermined, unfixed, unsettled, unsure, vacillating.
Character Possibilities:
Tormented by doubt when no clear course presents itself.
When faced with something he knows little about, or when several competing developments take place, his thoughts invariably become chaotic.
More than one option tends to overwhelm him.
Generally lives in a world that daily adds to his confusion about what is right or wrong, what should or should not be done.
Tossed into a dilemma each time a decision has to be made between at least two things.
The slightest disturbance to the status quo becomes unnerving.
The unpredictability of life frequently leaves him in a quandary.
Fearful of ambiguities and all things equivocal.
Lacks the nerve to act; thus, he tends to wait and see what others do.
OPEN-MINDED
Related Traits:
Detached, equitable, fair-minded, flexible, free-thinking, impartial, impressionable, influenceable, movable, neutral, nonpartisan, objective, persuadable, pliant, responsive, suggestible, swayable, uncommitted, undogmatic, unopinionated.
Character Possibilities:
Has an interest in what other people have to say about things.
In the light of new or contradictory information, he quietly readjusts his own thoughts regarding a matter. Tries to remain aloof from any tightly held convictions. Changes his mind easily when he sees a line of reasoning that makes more sense.
Always open to suggestion.
The road to persuading him is not cluttered with the junk that causes fair reason to wreck.
CLOSED-MINDED
Related Traits:
Bullheaded, dogmatic, firm, hardheaded, hardened, hard-shelled, headstrong, immovable, impenetrable, inelastic, inflexible, intractable, intransigent, obstinate, opinionated, pigheaded, reactionary, rigid, stiff-backed, stubborn, unalterable, unchangeable, uncompromising, unmalleable, unpersuadable, unyielding, willful.
Character Possibilities:
Silently holds fast to his conclusions, no matter what.
Tends to tune out any view that is opposite from his own.
Locks out any notion that he could be wrong about something or someone.
Not even the most persuasive argument can bend him.
Resistant to any kind of compromise, even one that would allow most of his opinion to stand.
Hears nothing that is not in harmony with what he believes.
Slams the door in the face of anything that would intrude upon his certainty.
Refuses to consider another's appeasement.
His opinions are aligned within him like an army preparing for battle.
What Are the Character's Internal Traits?
TOLERANT
Related Traits:
Broad-minded, dispassionate, forbearing, indulgent, lenient, liberal, long-suffering, magnanimous, nonpartisan, permissive, unassuming, unbiased, unbigoted, understanding, unjaundiced, unprejudiced.
Character Possibilities: Allows no one's race, religion, or background to bend his thoughts unfairly toward them. Strives to be fair in his judgment of what people do or don't do, as well as what is expected of them. Nonjudgmental regarding the beliefs and customs that are central to the lives of others.
Patiently endures offenses against himself.
Attitude is decidedly liberal, in that he believes everyone deserves to be heard. Socially, sees others as being equal to himself. Able to withstand nonphysical abuse over an extended period of time.
INTOLERANT
Related Traits:
Biased, bigoted, fanatical, hidebound, illiberal, jaundiced, mean, narrow-minded, one-sided, partial, parochial, petty, prejudiced, priggish, sectarian, self-righteous, small, snobbish, nonindulgent, unreasonable, unsympathetic.
Character Possibilities: Because the acts, beliefs, or customs of one or more person(s) are different than his own, views them as vastly inferior.
Thinks his social status, i.e., birth and wealth, is superior to those who belong to another group and believes it would be unbecoming of him to mix with them.
Sees others as corrupting influences and wants nothing to do with them. Assumes he is more virtuous or knowledgeable than any member of another group. Unable to reason effectively and cannot see the entanglements of all human beings and their ultimate dependency upon one another. Sees himself as traveling the main road in the universe and forbids everything to the right or left of himself. His lack of tolerance is a result of jealousy or envy.
INTUITIVE
Related Traits:
Anticipative, apprehensive, foreknowing, foresighted, insightful, perspicacious, precognizant, prescient, sagacious, second-sighted.
Character Possibilities: Because of a sixth sense beyond the rim of logic, able to perceive a hidden truth about something or someone. Frequently anticipates what will happen, as a result of what has either already occurred or is occurring.
Senses the presence, or the intended visit, of good or evil.
Often able to see misfortune's approach long before it ever becomes visible to anyone else. Can immediately and clearly see through the most heavily veiled and complex situation. Possesses an understanding about that which is yet to be, or which is clouded over in the present, thus simply defying explanation. Able to see the results of today's action long before it happens.
UNPERCEPTIVE
Related Traits: Myopic, shortsighted, unanticipative, unexpectant.
Character Possibilities: Cannot ascertain anything other than what his five senses tell
him. Disconnected to the future and is only able to see what is close at hand. Prone to make a judgment based solely upon first appearances. Unable to see the consequences of his, or someone else's, action. Deaf to the voices of caution.
IMAGINATIVE
Related Traits:
Artistic, creative, enterprising, fanciful, gifted, improvisational, ingenious, innovative, inventive, notional, original, resourceful, talented, visionary, whimsical.
Character Possibilities: Able to create images in his mind, which mayor may not have practicality.
What Are the Character's Internal Traits?
Has the skill to turn his mental-picture power into actual forms that others can either appreciate and perhaps even use, affecting such areas as art, science, etc.
Concocts mental images that are decidedly odd and not rooted in any current reality.
Has the power to develop things on the spur of the moment.
Possesses the skill to bring a freshness to something by somehow changing one or more of its elements. Cannot only see something that may have a practical use but is able to fabricate it as well.
Creating Characters Page 1
