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Einstein Page 66

by Isaacson, Walter


  Jerome, Fred. 2002. The Einstein File: J. Edgar Hoover’s Secret War against the World’s Most Famous Scientist. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

  Jerome, Fred, and Rodger Taylor. 2005. Einstein on Race and Racism. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

  Kaku, Michio. 2004. Einstein’s Cosmos: How Albert Einstein’s Vision Transformed Our Understanding of Space and Time. New York: Atlas Books.

  Kessler, Harry. 1999. Berlin in Lights: The Diaries of Count Harry Kessler (1918–1937). Translated and edited by Charles Kessler. New York: Grove Press.

  Klein, Martin J. 1970a. Paul Ehrenfest: The Making of a Theoretical Physicist. New York: American Elsevier.

  ———. 1970b. “The First Phase of the Bohr-Einstein Dialogue.”Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 2: 1–39.

  Kox, A. J., and Jean Eisenstaedt, eds. 2005. The Universe of General Relativity. Vol. II of Einstein Studies. Boston: Birkhäuser.

  Krauss, Lawrence. 2005. Hiding in the Mirror. New York: Viking.

  Levenson, Thomas. 2003. Einstein in Berlin. New York: Bantam Books.

  Levy, Steven. 1978. “My Search for Einstein’s Brain.” New Jersey Monthly ,Aug.

  Lightman, Alan. 1993. Einstein’s Dreams. New York: Pantheon Books.

  ———. 1999. “A New Cataclysm of Thought.”Atlantic Monthly , Jan.

  ———. 2005. The Discoveries. New York: Pantheon.

  Lightman, Alan, et al. 1975. Problem Book in Relativity and Gravitation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  Marianoff, Dimitri. 1944. Einstein: An Intimate Study of a Great Man. New York: Doubleday. (Marianoff married and then divorced Margot Einstein, a daughter of Einstein’s second wife Elsa, and Einstein denounced this book.)

  Mehra, Jagdish. 1975. The Solvay Conferences on Physics: Aspects of the Development of Physics Since 1911. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.

  Mermin, N. David. 2005. It’s about Time: Understanding Einstein’s Relativity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  Michelmore, Peter. 1962. Einstein: Profile of the Man. New York: Dodd, Mead.

  Miller, Arthur I. 1981. Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity: Emergence (1905) and Early Interpretation (1905–1911). Boston: Addison-Wesley.

  ———. 1984. Imagery in Scientific Thought. Boston: Birkhäuser.

  ———. 1992. “Albert Einstein’s 1907 Jahrbuch Paper: The First Step from SRT to GRT.” In Eisenstaedt and Kox 1992, 319–335.

  ———. 1999. Insights of Genius. New York: Springer-Verlag.

  ———. 2001. Einstein, Picasso: Space, Time and the Beauty That Causes Havoc. New York: Basic Books.

  ———. 2005. Empire of the Stars. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

  Misner, Charles, Kip Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler. 1973. Gravitation. San Francisco: Freeman.

  Moore, Ruth. 1966. Niels Bohr: The Man, His Science, and the World They Changed. New York: Knopf.

  Moszkowski, Alexander. 1921. Einstein the Searcher: His Work Explained from Dialogues with Einstein. New York: Dutton.

  Nathan, Otto, and Heinz Norden, eds. 1960. Einstein on Peace. New York: Simon & Schuster.

  Neffe, Jürgen. 2005. Einstein: Eine Biographie. Hamburg: Rowohlt.

  Norton, John D. 1984. “How Einstein Found His Field Equations.”Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. Reprinted in Howard and Stachel 1989, 101–159.

  ———. 1985. “What Was Einstein’s Principle of Equivalence?”Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 16: 203–246. Reprinted in Howard and Stachel 1989, 5–47.

  ———. 1991. “Thought Experiments in Einstein’s Work.” In Tamara Horowitz and Gerald Massey, eds., Thought Experiments in Science and Philosophy. Savage, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 129–148.

  ———. 1993. “General Covariance and the Foundations of General Relativity: Eight Decades of Dispute.”Reports on Progress in Physics 56: 791–858.

  ———. 1995a.“Eliminative Induction as a Method of Discovery: Einstein’s Discovery of General Relativity.” In Jarrett Leplin, ed., The Creation of Ideas in Physics: Studies for a Methodology of Theory Construction. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 29–69.

  ———. 1995b. “Did Einstein Stumble? The Debate over General Covariance.” Erkenntnis 42: 223–245.

  ———. 1995c. “Mach’s Principle before Einstein.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~ jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf.

  ———. 2000. “Nature Is the Realization of the Simplest Conceivable Mathematical Ideas: Einstein and the Canon of Mathematical Simplicity.”Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 31: 135–170.

  ———. 2002. “Einstein’s Triumph Over the Spacetime Coordinate System.”Dial-ogos 79: 253–262.

  ———. 2004. “Einstein’s Investigations of Galilean Covariant Electrodynamics prior to 1905.”Archive for History of Exact Sciences 59: 45–105.

  ———. 2005a. “How Hume and Mach Helped Einstein Find Special Relativity.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton.

  ———. 2005b. “A Conjecture on Einstein, the Independent Reality of Spacetime Coordinate Systems and the Disaster of 1913.” In Kox and Eisenstaedt 2005.

  ———. 2006a. “Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity and the Problems in the

  Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies That Led Him to It.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/homepage/cv.html.

  ———. 2006b. “What Was Einstein’s ‘Fateful Prejudice’?” In Jürgen Renn, The Genesis of General Relativity, vol. 2. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

  ———. 2006c. “Atoms, Entropy, Quanta: Einstein’s Miraculous Argument of 1905.” Available at www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton.

  Overbye, Dennis. 2000. Einstein in Love: A Scientific Romance. New York: Viking. Pais, Abraham. 1982. Subtle Is the Lord: The Science and Life of Albert Einstein. New York: Oxford University Press.

  ———. 1991. Niels Bohr’s Times in Physics, Philosophy, and Polity. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

  ———. 1994. Einstein Lived Here: Essays for the Layman. New York: Oxford University Press.

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  Pauli, Wolfgang. 1994. Writings on Physics and Philosophy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

  Penrose, Roger. 2005. The Road to Reality. New York: Knopf.

  Poincaré, Henri. 1902. Science and Hypothesis. Available at spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Poincare/Poincare_1905_toc.html.

  Popovi, Milan. 2003. In Albert’s Shadow: The Life and Letters of Mileva Mari. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

  Powell, Corey. 2002. God in the Equation. New York: Free Press.

  Pyenson, Lewis. 1985. The Young Einstein. Boston: Adam Hilger.

  Regis, Ed. 1988. Who Got Einstein’s Office? New York: Addison-Wesley.

  Reid, Constance. 1986. Hilbert-Courant. New York: Springer-Verlag.

  Reiser, Anton. 1930. Albert Einstein: A Biographical Portrait. New York: Boni. (Reiser was the pseudonym of Rudoph Kayser, who married Ilse Einstein, the daughter of Einstein’s second wife Elsa.)

  Renn, Jürgen. 1994. “The Third Way to General Relativity.” Max Planck Institute, www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P9.pdf.

  ———. 2005a. “Einstein’s Controversy with Drude and the Origin of Statistical Mechanics.” In Howard and Stachel 2000.

  ———. 2005b. “Standing on the Shoulders of a Dwarf.” In Kox and Eisenstaedt 2005.

  ———. 2005c. “Before the Riemann Tensor: The Emergence of Einstein’s Double Strategy.” In Kox and Eisenstaedt 2005.

  ———. 2005d. Albert Einstein: Chief Engineer of the Universe. One Hundred Authors for Einstein. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

  ———. 2006. Albert Einstein: Chief Engineer of the Universe. Einstein’s Life and Work in Context and Documents of a Life’s Pathway. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

&nb
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  ———. 2003. “Errors and Insights: Reconstructing the Genesis of General Relativity from Einstein’s Zurich Notebook.” In Holmes et al. 2003, 253–268.

  ———. 2006. “Pathways out of Classical Physics: Einstein’s Double Strategy in Searching for the Gravitational Field Equation.” Available at www.hss.caltech.edu/~tilman/.

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  Robinson, Andrew. 2005. Einstein: A Hundred Years of Relativity. New York: Abrams.

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  ———. 2002. The Einstein Scrapbook. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Rowe, David E., and Robert Schulmann, eds. 2007. Einstein’s Political World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  Rozental, Stefan, ed. 1967. Niels Bohr: His Life and Work As Seen by His Friends and Colleagues. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.

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  ———. 2000. “The Construction of the Special Theory: Some Queries and Considerations.” In Howard and Stachel 2000.

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  ———. 2005. “Einstein Equations and Hilbert Action: What Is Missing on Page 8 of the Proofs for Hilbert’s First Communication on the Foundations of Physics?”Archive for History of Exact Sciences 59: 577.

  Sayen, Jamie. 1985. Einstein in America: The Scientist’s Conscience in the Age of Hitler and Hiroshima. New York: Crown.

  Schilpp, Paul Arthur, ed. 1949. Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. La Salle, Ill.: Open Court Press.

  Seelig, Carl. 1956a. Albert Einstein: A Documentary Biography. Translated by Mervyn Savill. London: Staples Press. (Translation of Albert Einstein: Eine Dokumentarische Biographie, a revision of Albert Einstein und die Schweiz. Zürich: Europa-Verlag, 1952.)

  ———, ed. 1956b. Helle Zeit, Dunkle Zeit: In Memoriam Albert Einstein. Zürich: Europa-Verlag.

  Singh, Simon. 2004. Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. New York: Harper-Collins.

  Solovine, Maurice. 1987. Albert Einstein: Letters to Solovine. New York: Philosophical Library.

  Sonnert, Gerhard. 2005. Einstein and Culture. Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity Books.

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  Stachel, John. 1980. “Einstein and the Rigidly Rotating Disk.” In A. Held, ed., General Relativity and Gravitation: A Hundred Years after the Birth of Einstein. New York: Plenum, 1–15.

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  ———. 1989a. “The Rigidly Rotating Disk as the Missing Link in the History of General Relativity.” In Howard and Stachel 1989.

  ———. 1989b. “Einstein’s Search for General Covariance, 1912–1915.” In Howard and Stachel 1989.

  ———. 1998. Einstein’s Miraculous Year: Five Papers That Changed the Face of Physics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  ———. 2002a. Einstein from “B” to “Z.” Boston: Birkhäuser.

  ———. 2002b. “What Song the Syrens Sang: How Did Einstein Discover Special Relativity?” In Stachel 2002a.

  ———. 2002c. “Einstein and Ether Drift Experiments.” In Stachel 2002a.

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  ———. 2000. Exploring Black Holes. New York: Benjamin/Cummings.

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  ———. 2005. A World without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Gödel and Einstein. New York: Basic Books.

  Zackheim, Michele. 1999. Einstein’s Daughter. New York: Riverhead.

  NOTES

  Einstein’s letters and writings through 1920 have been published in The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein series, and they are identified by the dates used in those volumes. Unpublished material that is in the Albert Einstein Archives (AEA) is identified using the folder (reel)-document numbering format of the archives. For some of the material, especially that previously unpublished, I have used translations made for me by James Hoppes and Natasha Hoffmeyer.

  EPIGRAPH

  1. Einstein to Eduard Einstein, Feb. 5, 1930. Eduard was suffering from deepening mental illness at the time. The exact quote is: “Beim Menschen ist es wie beim Velo. Nur wenn er faehrt, kann er bequem die Balance halten.” A more literal translation is: “It is the same with people as it is with riding a bike. Only when moving can one comfortably maintain one’s balance.” Courtesy of Barbara Wolff, Einstein archives, Hebrew University, Jerusalem.

  CHAPTER ONE: THE LIGHT-BEAM RIDER

  1. Einstein to Conrad Habicht, May 18 or 25, 1905.

  2. These ideas are drawn from essays I wrote in Time, Dec. 31, 1999, and Discover, Sept. 2004.

  3. Dudley Herschbach, “Einstein as a Student,” Mar. 2005, unpublished paper provided to the author. Herschbach says, “Efforts to improve science education and literacy face a root problem: science and mathematics are regarded not as part of the general culture, but rather as the pro
vince of priest-like experts. Einstein is seen as a towering icon, the exemplar par excellence of lonely genius. That fosters an utterly distorted view of science.”

  4. Frank 1957, xiv; Bernstein 1996b, 18.

  5. Vivienne Anderson to Einstein, Apr. 27, 1953, AEA 60-714; Einstein to Vivienne Anderson, May 12, 1953, AEA 60-716.

  6. Viereck, 377. See also Thomas Friedman, “Learning to Keep Learning,”New York Times, Dec. 13, 2006.

 

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