Strachan, Hew, 345–46, 521n
strategy, 47–48
corporate culture and, 205
of gradual escalation, 205–6
limited war and, 205–6
see also generalship
Stroh, Donald, 185
Strong, Kenneth, 50, 474n, 475n
Strong, LeRoy, 311
Struggle for Europe, The (Montgomery), 82
Stryker armored vehicles, 390
Stuart, J. E. B., 26
Study on Military Professionalism, 390
Sullivan, Gordon, 227
Sulzberger, C. L., 199, 498n
Summersby, Kay, 82, 480n, 481n
Sunnis, 402, 430, 436–38
Sun Tzu, 357
Supreme Command (Cohen), 448
Sutherland, Richard, 47
Swain, Richard, 346, 381, 519n, 525n
Syria, 413
Taaffe, Stephen, 100, 468n, 483n
Taft, Robert, 198–99
Taiwan, see China, Nationalist
Taliban, 439
Tan, Michelle, 532n
Tarawa, Battle of, 173
Taylor, Maxwell, 8, 191, 202–3, 211, 215, 217–22, 231, 236, 240, 253, 261, 262, 266, 267, 332, 435, 500n, 503n
Bay of Pigs fiasco and, 219–20
as chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff, 220–22
civil-military relations and, 254–55
JFK’s relationship with, 219–20, 227
named ambassador to South Vietnam, 220
Pentomic Army and, 208–9, 219
U.S. role in Vietnam and, 228–29
Taylor, William, 398, 527n
Taylor, Zachary, 114
Teasley, Mack, 502n
Tenet, George, 395
Tet Offensive, 260, 265, 285–92, 429
aftermath of, 315–16, 320, 323
DePuy on, 290
Khe Sanh siege in, 288
onset of, 285
planning of, 286
purpose of, 285–86
as strategic victory, 289
as tactical failure, 289
targets in, 286–87
U.S. public and political reaction to, 289–90
Viet Cong in aftermath of, 315–16, 320, 323
Westmoreland and, 285, 288–89
Weyand’s defense of Saigon in, 288
Thayer, Thomas, 261, 265, 270–71, 279, 496n, 507n, 508n, 509n, 510n, 518n
Theiss, Ronald, 245
Theobald, Robert “Fuzzy,” 38
Thie, Harry, 530n
3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, U.S., 413, 441
3rd Armored Division, U.S., 110–11
Third Army, U.S., 86, 107
Patton removed as commander of, 111–12
III Corps, U.S., 187
3rd Infantry Division, U.S., 22, 132
III Marine Amphibious Force, U.S., 269
3rd Marine Division, U.S., 271
31st Infantry Regiment, U.S., 138–39, 148
31st Regimental Combat Team, U.S., 148, 169
32nd Infantry Division, U.S., 17
32nd Infantry Regiment, U.S., 136, 138, 370
34th Infantry Division, U.S., 54
34th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 123
35th Engineer Group, U.S., 326–27
36th Infantry Division, U.S., 67
Thomas, Gerald, 168
Thompson, Hugh, 294–95, 299, 301
Thompson, James, 528n
Thompson, Julian, 70, 478n
Thompson, W. Scott, 510n, 517n
Thucydides, 50
Thurman, Maxwell, 362, 447
Time, 77, 202, 247
Tinian, Battle of, 174
Toai, Doan Van, 511n, 517n
Tomahawk cruise missile, 375
Tompkins, Rathvon, 271
Toolan, John, 408
Top Gun (Navy’s Fighter Weapons School), 338
Tora Bora, Battle of, 398–99, 403
Torch, Operation, 49, 51–52
Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), 337–38, 344, 348–49, 357
Trainor, Bernard, 376, 380–81, 524n, 525n
Tran Dinh Tho, 226, 503n
Tran Van Don, 265
Treuenfels, Rudolph, 475n
Trieste, Italy, 119
Trinh Duc, 323
True Glory, The (film), 117
Truman, Harry S., 105, 115, 125–26, 153, 223, 498n
attempted assassination of, 487n
MacArthur fired by, 105, 196–97
MacArthur’s conflict with, 127–30, 180, 191, 192–93
Truman Administration, 122, 128, 175, 195, 196, 201, 236
Truong Nhu Tang, 262, 265, 280, 324, 507n, 508n, 517n
Truscott, Lucian, 67, 69–70, 71, 110, 477n, 478n, 501n
Tugwell, Rexford, 483n
Tunisia, 18, 51, 57, 75
Tunner, William, 162
Turkey, 387
Tuttle, William, 505n
20th Armored Division, U.S., 56
20th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 294
23rd Infantry “Americal” Division, U.S., 293, 296, 300, 325, 329, 331, 367, 370
deactivation of, 330
24th Infantry Division, U.S., 115, 122, 186
24th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 125
25th Infantry Division, U.S., 5, 187, 239, 246, 253, 261, 316, 325
26th Infantry “Yankee” Division, U.S., 21, 133
27th Infantry Division, U.S., 38
29th Infantry Division, U.S., 53
Twining, Nathan, 221–22, 501n
Ulmer, Walter, 234, 277, 311, 360, 392–93, 523n, 527n
Ultra intercepts, 54
Uncertain Trumpet, The (Taylor), 219
Underwood, Richard, 84–85
United Nations, 190
Powell’s speech at, 394–96
United States, 17, 83, 196
corporate culture of, 203–4
outcome of Chosin campaign and, 167
reaction to Tet Offensive in, 289–90
space program of, 218
in World War I, 19–20
U.S. News & World Report, 174
Vance, Cyrus, 232
Van Creveld, Martin, 475n
Vandenberg, Arthur, 103
Vandenberg, Hoyt, 175
Vandergriff, Donald, 510n
Van Fleet, James, 23, 188, 470n
Vann, John Paul, 262, 288
Varljen, Peter, 353, 392, 522n, 527n
Venzon, Anne Cipriano, 470n
Vernon, Edwin, 468n, 503n, 505n, 506n, 509n, 516n
Veterans of Foreign Wars, 128
Viet Cong, 225, 239, 249, 259–62, 263, 268, 270, 271, 294, 296
infiltration program of, 281–82
Phoenix Program and, 248, 324–25
in Tet aftermath, 315–16, 320, 323
in Tet Offensive, 286–87, 289
U.S. Army weaknesses exploited by, 280–84
Viet Minh, 224–25
Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (North Vietnam), 202, 205, 223–24, 225, 227–28, 237, 256, 258, 274
Vietnam, Republic of (South Vietnam), 223–24, 225, 229, 256, 259, 272, 273
Taylor named ambassador to, 220
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 45
Vietnam War, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 58, 95, 96, 105, 110, 118, 121, 185, 209, 212, 237, 372, 384, 401, 416, 434, 438, 442, 449, 459, 461
Abrams in, 319–20
amnesty project in, 270
attrition strategy
in, 233, 254–55, 264–65, 268, 272–74, 320, 385–86
blame for U.S. failure in, 265–66
bombing of North Vietnam in, 227–29, 253
CAPS program in, 268–69, 272–73
civilian population and, 249, 261–64, 268
civil-military relations in, 252–55, 487n
combat refusals in, 328–29, 517n
counterinsurgency operations in, 225–27, 260–61, 263, 265, 267–69, 271, 273
decline of U.S. Army in, 317–19
decorations awarded in, 327
DePuy’s approach to, 238–39
and distrust of military, 330–31
drug problem in, 326–29, 330, 332, 518n
dysfunctional U.S. Army after, 330–32
escalation strategy in, 205–6
firepower in, 242, 247–50, 263, 265, 271–72
Fire Support Base Mary Ann massacre in, 329–30
“fragging” in, 328
Gulf of Tonkin incident and, 256
JFK-Taylor relationship and, 221–22
Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 222, 227–29
Junction City operation in, 270
LBJ’s Reserves decision in, 317
LBJ-Westmoreland Hawaii meeting in, 238
MacArthur’s influences on, 202, 214, 237
micromanagement in, 278
mutinous insubordination in, 326, 327–29
North Vietnam’s official history of pacification program in, 321–23
pacification program in, 265, 272, 319–25
personnel program in, 274–79
Phoenix Program in, 248, 324–25
racial tension in, 327, 332
relief policy in, 266–67, 278
Ridgway’s opposition to, 222–23
risk aversion in, 277–78, 280
Rolling Thunder campaign in, 373
rotation program in, 275–79, 318, 456
“sandbagging” of patrols in, 328
search-and-destroy strategy in, 253–54, 264, 271, 273, 324
seasonal pattern of fighting in, 279
South Vietnamese military in, 272, 316–17
Taylor and U.S. role in, 228–29, 240
after Tet, 315–16, 320, 323
Tet Offensive in, see Tet Offensive
threat perception and, 223–24
“ticket punching” in, 278, 280
U.S. Army’s failure in, 260–66
U.S. combat ineffectiveness in, 280–81
U.S. public opinion and, 321, 325
Viet Cong infiltration program in, 281–82
Vietnamization of, 321, 325
World War II commanders in, 217–18
Villa, Pancho, 107
Villahermosa, Gilberto N., 510n
Villard, Erik, 507n, 511n
Vines, John, 440
Virginia Military Institute (VMI), 19, 38, 153, 157, 490n
Vo Nguyen Giap, 260
Wade, Gary, 468n
Wainwright, Jonathan, 100, 483n
Wake Island, 128–30, 193, 198
Walker, Edwin, 115
Walker, Fred, 67, 477n
Walker, Walton, 4, 125, 133, 176, 179, 431, 432
Wallace, George, 115
Wangenheim, Freiherr von, 63
Ward, Orlando, 37, 55–56, 57, 76
War Department, U.S., 29, 40
War Managers, The (Kinnard), 240
War Plan Orange, 46
Warren Commission, 115
Warsaw Pact, 346–47
Washington, George, 114
Washington Post, 97, 374
Washington Post Company, 248
Wass de Czege, Huba, 354–58, 388–89, 420, 522n, 526n, 529n
Watke, Frederic, 299–300
Watson, Leroy, 37, 110
Watson, Mark Skinner, 472n
Wayne, John, 224
Wedemeyer, Albert, 18, 63, 95, 469n
Weigley, Russell, 36, 85, 116, 118, 235, 469n, 472n, 481n, 482n, 485n, 486n, 500n, 504n, 509n, 516n
Weinberger, Caspar, 202, 369
Weinberger Doctrine, 372–73
Weiner, Tim, 505n
Wells, Anne Sharp, 491n
Wermuth, Anthony, 266, 508n
West, Francis J. “Bing,” 262, 427, 507n, 508n
Westermeyer, Paul, 524n
Westmoreland, William, 8–9, 53, 55, 77, 105, 115, 202, 248, 252, 262, 264–65, 267, 283, 295, 319, 320, 321, 326, 331, 332, 335, 342, 350, 400, 403, 499n, 502n, 504n, 505n, 506n, 508n, 509n, 519n
careerism of, 204
CBS News lawsuit of, 234
as chief of staff, 234–35, 319
civilian overseers and, 236–38
corporate approach of, 232–33, 235–36
counterinsurgency operations opposed by, 269–71
LBJ’s relationship with, 237, 290–91
memoirs of, 233, 236
mendacity of, 233–34
micromanaging of, 204
military career of, 231–32, 233
military education lacking in, 235
in modern memory, 239–40
My Lai massacre and, 303, 307, 309–10
officer corps’s reputation and, 311–14
Peers’s My Lai memo to, 309–11
search-and-destroy approach of, 253, 255
shortcomings of, 232
Tet Offensive and, 285, 288–89
West Point, 96, 177, 202, 213, 231–32, 304, 307, 349, 391, 422, 429, 442
West Wall, 116
Weyand, Frederick, 239, 246–47, 253–54, 261, 348, 505n, 506n, 512n
defense of Saigon and, 287–88
Wheeler, Earle, 220, 228, 256–57, 258, 262, 289–90, 332
White, Jeffrey, 413, 529n
White, M. G., 480n
Whitney, Courtney, 484n
Whyte, William, 203–4, 499n
Why We Fight (film), 113
Wichman, John, 473n
Wickham, John, 353, 520n, 522n
Wilbur, William, 477n, 483n
Wilhelmina, queen of the Netherlands, 29
Willbanks, James, 264, 287, 508n, 511n, 519n
Willenson, Kim, 507n, 508n, 512n
Williams, Gregon, 135
Williams, Sam, 1, 3–4, 224–25, 502n
Williams, T. Harry, 483n
Willkie, Wendell, 103
Willoughby, Charles, 139, 149, 196, 198–99, 270, 484n, 488n, 497n, 498n
fascism of, 140–41
Wilmot, Chester, 82, 480n, 481n
Wilson, Charles, 203
Wilson, Erik, 454
Wilson, Hack, 147
Wilson, William, 302–3, 514n
Winn, Aidan Kirby, 532n
Winton, Harold R., 356, 495n
Winton, Walter, 182, 495n, 496n
Woerner, Frederick, 362, 462
Wolfowitz, Paul, 375–76
Wong, Leonard, 468n
Woodring, Harry, 30
Woods, Kevin, 524n, 525n, 526n
Woodward, Bob, 531n
Woolley, John, 516n
Worden, William, 486n
World War I, 32, 58, 73, 96, 107, 114, 151, 410, 444, 454
commanders in, 26–27
Gallipoli battle in, 69
Marshall in, 19–20, 23
Meuse-Argonne offensive in, 23
relief policy in, 21–23, 185
Saint-Mihiel offensive in, 23
World War II, 7, 11, 12, 107, 114, 119, 126, 151, 153, 171, 178, 197, 217, 237, 309, 420, 444
/>
Bradley in, 116–17
DePuy’s experience in, 2, 5–6, 244
draft in, 113
Eisenhower’s proposed strategy for, 45–47
Eisenhower’s war aims in, 48–49
end of, 111–12
Falaise pocket in, 362–63
firepower in, 245
growth of U.S. armed forces in, 15, 35–36
high-command mistakes in, 50–51
Japanese surrender in, 384
military drawdown after, 389–90
Phony War in, 29
promotion from the ranks in, 113
relief policy in, 11–12, 17–19, 38–39, 69–71, 110, 112, 185, 187, 188, 251, 381
World War I commanders and, 26–27
see also Sicily campaign
Wunderlin, Clarence E., Jr., 469
X Corps, U.S., 132, 154–56, 170
XVIII Airborne Corps, U.S., 357
Yeosock, John, 381
Yingling, Paul, 8, 349, 441–44, 460, 468n, 531n, 532n
Yom Kippur War, 337–38
Young, Brigham, 19
Young, Stephen, 509n
Zelikow, Philip, 410, 418, 437, 448
PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS
1 (left): Courtesy National Archives, Army Signal Corps photo #16150-41-4788
2 (right): Frank Scherschel / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images
3 (left): Courtesy of the George C. Marshall Foundation
4 (right): Courtesy National Archives, Official Military Personnel Files, ARC 2595210
5: © Bettmann / Corbis
6: Courtesy National Archives, Army Signal Corps
7: © Bettmann / Corbis
8 (top): Courtesy National Archives, Still Pictures Records Section, ARC 5891326
9 (bottom): Courtesy National Archives, photo 127-GR-213 B-A 5415
10 (top): Courtesy National Archives, Harry S. Truman Library, ARC 201516
11 (bottom): Courtesy National Archives, Still Pictures Records Section, ARC 541955
12: Photo: U.S. Army. Source: D. M. Giangreco, War in Korea, 1950–1953 (Presidio Press)
13: John Dominis / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images
14: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, photo KN26284
15: Courtesy National Archives, White House Photo Office Collection, ARC 192566
16: Source: U.S. Marines in Vietnam: The Defining Year, 1968 by Jack Shulimson, Leonard A. Balsiol, Charles R. Smith, and David A. Dawson. Credited to the Center of Military History
17: Courtesy of the First Division Museum at Cantigny
18 (top): Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images
19 (bottom): Acey Harper / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images
20 (top): © Thierry Orban / Sygma / Corbis
21 (bottom): AP Photo / Tannen Maury
22: Courtesy National Archives, George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum
The Generals Page 61
