Shubrick, William B., 151
Simpson, Matthew, 184, 189, 282-84
Sing Sing, N.Y., 232, 233
slavery, 100, 258-59, 356, 357, 367, 382, 388, 401
Brown’s raid and opposition to, xi-xii
in Confederacy, 3
Davis and, 49, 60-61, 357, 367, 401
expansion of, 52, 54
Lincoln’s opposition to, xii, 52-54, 60-61, 333-34
U.S. Constitution and, 53
smallpox, 262-63
Smith, Anna Davis, 56
Smith, Gerrit, 356
Smith, Kirby, 14
Smithsonian Institution, 49, 124
Smithsonian National Museum of American History, 400
Snow, Parker, 229
Soldiers’ Home, 93
South, 276
agricultural empire of the, 2
Brown as seen in, xii
Davis as spokesman for, 50
feeling of superiority in, 322
impact of Lincoln’s death on, 196
Johnson and, 121, 196, 199-200
postwar, 361
reconstruction of, 92
Union army as seen by, xiv, 322
South Carolina, 238, 245, 250, 252, 257, 268, 297
secession by, 98-99
Southern Express Company, 195
Southern Historical Society, 361
Southern Historical Society Papers, 363
Speed, James, 157, 207
Speed, Phillip, 157
Spotswood Hotel, 356
Springfield, Ill., 27, 59, 143, 145, 153, 155, 161, 163, 199, 201-2, 213, 247, 293, 295, 331, 391
Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library in, 392-93
Lincoln’s burial in, 271-78, 275, 283, 287, 389
Springfield (Mass.) Republican, 340
Stanton, Edwin M., 79, 92, 130, 136, 170, 180, 313
arrests ordered by, 240
Booth manhunt and, 111, 147, 204, 244, 268, 296
on Davis capture, 330-32
Davis’s captivity and, 339, 341, 352, 354
Davis suspected of assassination involvement by, 276, 287, 297, 320, 326
and fall of Richmond, 17, 18, 20, 34-36
Grand Review and, 331
Lincoln corpse photograph and, 234-37, 239-41, 248
Lincoln’s corpse and, 138-40, 379-80
Lincoln’s funeral and, 140-42, 184-85, 189
Lincoln’s funeral train and, 154-58, 199, 200-204, 207-9, 217, 219, 225, 246, 274, 277
at Petersen house, 113, 120-21
post-funeral planning by, 143, 151, 153
on Seward attack and Lincoln assassination, 110-11
women’s clothes rumor propagated by, 324, 327-29, 344
State Department, U.S., 110
states’ rights, 363
Stephens, Alexander, 47
Stevens, Thaddeus, 220
Stevenson, Job E., 258-59, 284
Stone, Robert King, 109, 117, 133, 135-36, 169
Stoneman, George, 88
Confederate gold rumor and, 244-45
Strong, George Templeton, 328
Stuart, J. E. B., 2
Sulivane, Clement, 8, 20, 31
Sumner, Charles, 114-15
Supreme Court, U.S., 52, 62, 171
Surratt, Mary, 341, 344
Sutherlin, William T., 37-38
Swan, Otis D., 157
Swancey’s Ferry, S.C., 256
Swanson, Claude A., 387
Syracuse, N.Y., 242
Taft, Charles Sabin, 106-7, 108-9, 120, 124, 126-27, 133, 135
Taft, William Howard, 398
Taltavul’s Star Saloon, 96, 102
Tanner, James, 126
Taylor, Sarah Knox, 55-56, 58, 175, 357, 366, 376-77
Taylor, Zachary, 9, 50, 55, 142, 188
telegraph, 18-19, 20
Texas, 14, 33, 80, 247
as possible new Confederate center, 197, 219, 279, 299, 317
T. Gurney & Son, 239-40
Thomas, D. C., 126
Thomas, George, Confederate gold rumor and, 244-45
Thomas, Lorenzo, 141
Thomas, William B., 157
Thompson, Jacob, 268-69
Tifton, Ga., 398-99, 399
Tillson, Davis, 245
torpedo general, 85-87
Townsend, Edward D., 141, 203, 352
Lincoln corpse photograph and, 230, 234-38, 248
Lincoln’s funeral train and, 201-3, 209, 213-19, 225, 232-33, 243, 245-46, 248-50, 253, 255, 261-62, 271, 274-77, 294
Townsend, George Alfred, 145-46, 185-87, 192-93, 198
on cleaning out of Lincoln’s office, 324-26
Treasury Department, U.S., 93, 108, 141-42, 150, 151, 156, 158, 187, 192, 287, 336-37
Tredegar Iron Works, 11, 401
Trenholm, George, 9, 32, 33, 38
Tucker, Beverly, 268-69, 314
Tuscarora, 330
Tyger River, 250
Tyler, E. B., 214
Ulke, Henry, 128-30
Ulke, Julius, 128-30
Union Army, 82, 87, 92, 182, 213-14, 275, 289, 356
approach to Richmond by, 5, 13-14, 18-21, 26, 30, 31
cavalry of, 88, 194, 244-45, 278-79, 299-302, 304-18
Davis honored by, 321-22
Grand Review of, 329-30, 331, 333, 336-37
Lincoln’s popularity with, 75-76
prisoners from, 46, 344
in Richmond, 44
as seen by South, xiv
as threat to Davis, 200
see also Army, U.S.
Union League Association, 220
Union League Club, 157
Union Pacific Railroad, 391
United Confederate Veterans, 386
United Daughters of the Confederacy, 386, 399
United States Military Railroad, 27, 208-9, 277, 331, 382
Urbana, Ohio, 259
U.S. Army Medical Museum, 136, 137, 395
U.S. Arsenal, tragedy at, 177-81, 342
Usher, John P., 117
Valentine, Edward, 386
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 356
Vicksburg, battle of, 112
Vicksburg, Miss., 3, 76, 123, 156, 248
Vignodi, Professor, 344
Vincent, Thomas, 116
Virginia, 40-41, 95, 121, 194, 206, 297, 317, 401
aristocracy of, 3
as Confederacy’s principal state, 37, 70, 82
Walker, J. M., 83
Wallace, Lew, 215, 240
War Department, Confederate, 288
War Department, U.S., 18, 35, 101, 150, 152, 154, 181, 190, 235, 239-41, 249, 296, 297, 330, 341, 344, 350, 352, 380
War of 1812, 132, 141
Washington, D.C., 1-2, 16, 18, 19, 27, 48, 73, 75, 77, 78, 90, 100, 119, 121, 123, 126, 130, 141, 152-53, 155, 167, 173,
Washington, D.C. (cont’d) 178, 199, 203, 209, 213, 214, 234, 237, 239, 242, 271, 273, 275, 276, 277, 281, 287, 295, 296, 331, 358, 361, 371, 383, 391, 393
antebellum, 352
boardinghouse culture in, 98
Davis’s capture and, 318-19, 321, 323-24, 326
Davis’s death and, 380
fall of Richmond celebrated in, 34-36, 39, 102
Grand Review in, 329-30, 331, 333, 336-37
Lee’s surrender celebrated in, 79-80, 81, 84, 92-93, 102
Lincoln’s funeral ceremonies planned in, 141, 143, 148-52
reaction to Lincoln’s assassination in, 116
Richmond’s nearness to, 3
Washington, Ga., 73, 92, 273, 278-80, 288-89
Washington, George, 53, 143, 170, 188, 221, 265, 278, 293, 382
Washington and Lee University, 386
Washington Daily Morning Chronicle, 180, 323-24
Washington Evening Star, 34-35, 124, 170, 171-72, 173, 178-79, 180
Washington Navy Yard, 94, 156, 164
Washington Post, 381
wax figures:
of Booth, 344, 392-93
of Davis, 344-45
of Lincoln, 344, 392
Webster, Daniel, 52
Weitzel, Godfrey, 47, 62, 63
Welles, Gideon, 75, 79-80, 92, 108, 110-12, 119, 138, 170, 207, 237, 324, 330-31, 336
Welles, Mary Jane, 108, 119-20, 133
Western Railroad Corporation, 187
Westfield, N.Y., 246
West Point, U.S. Military Academy at, 48, 54, 55, 232
Wheeler, Joseph, 238
White House, 3, 15, 16, 18, 60, 78, 84, 93, 96, 103, 110, 111, 114, 119, 130, 131, 140, 151, 153, 156, 161, 164, 167, 215, 337, 400
East Room viewing and funeral in, 146, 148-50, 152, 158-59, 160-63, 181, 183-91, 187, 197-98, 199, 249, 277, 281, 285
Lincoln’s corpse in Guest Room of, 132-39, 143-46, 160
Lincoln’s corpse transported to, 126-27, 131-32, 207
Mary Lincoln’s delayed departure from, 286, 287, 324, 335, 389
other funerals in, 165, 170-71, 173
in War of 1812, 132
White House of the Confederacy, 2, 3, 5, 15, 60, 170, 174, 397, 401-2
evacuation of, 9-10, 12-13, 22, 24-25
Lincoln at, 47, 62-64, 66, 73
photographs sold of, 63
Union seizure of, 31, 32
Whitman, Walt, xiv, 34, 124, 262, 294-95
Wilcox’s Mills, Ga., 204
Wilde, Oscar, 363-65, 364
William P. Clyde, 330
Willis, Lee H., 376
Wilson, Henry, 164
Wilson, James, 256-58, 296-98, 313, 320-22, 330
Winslow, Edward F., 257
Wirt, William, 52
Wirz, Henry, 344, 350, 356
Wisconsin, 57
Wise, John S., 30
Wofford, William T., 67-68
Wood, John Taylor, 9, 25, 33, 88, 92, 122, 302, 310, 312-13, 318
Woodward, Janvier J., 133-36, 138, 354
Wormley, James, 158
wrestling, 55
Yates, Richard, 151
York, Pa., 218
Yorkville, S.C., 243
Acknowledgments
A number of people helped in my pursuit of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis:
My splendid editor, Henry Ferris, recognized from the start how pairing the final journeys of the two presidents could enhance the power of each story. Our countless conversations and late night editing sessions in his New York office improved the book in immeasurable ways. Henry’s assistants, Peter Hubbard, now an editor in his own right, and Danny Goldstein, brought diligence and enthusiasm to the project.
I am also grateful to the rest of my HarperCollins team: Michael Morrison and Liate Stehlik for supporting this book with energy and personal interest, Lynn Grady and Jean Marie Kelly for bringing it to its audience, and miracle-worker Sharyn Rosenblum, the best publicist in the business.
At the Museum of the Confederacy, President S. Waite Rawls III and historian John Coski provided valuable information about Jefferson Davis. Thanks also to Waite for a moving, late afternoon private tour of the Confederate White House.
At the Jefferson Davis Home and Presidential Library at Beauvoir, Mississippi, Chairman Richard V. Forte Sr. and curator Richard R. Flowers answered questions about Davis’s last sanctuary and provided the surprising photo of Oscar Wilde. Lynda Lasswell Crist, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis at Rice University, was a superb guide to the writings of the lost man of American history. Lynda answered questions with good cheer, and supplied numerous documents and transcripts. With the impressive papers project, a model for future historians, she has made a major contribution to the study of American history.
At the Library of Congress, John Sellers is a living treasure who shared his vast expertise on the Lincoln and Civil War manuscript collection. His retirement is a loss to all those who pursue the Lincoln story. In the rare book division, Clark Evans, with his usual effusive charm, made available a number of treasures documenting the final days of Lincoln and Davis. W. Ralph Eubanks, director of publishing and a fine author in his own right, helped me obtain a number of superb photographs and illustrations, as did Helena Zinkham and Barbara Orbach Natanson in the prints and photographs division. I must also thank John Y. Cole, director of the Center for the Book and author impresario of the National Book Festival, for his support and efforts to spread Lincoln scholarship to a wide popular audience at the best book event in America.
At the Surratt Society, Joan Chaconas, Laurie Verge, and Sandra Walia rendered the same generous assistance that they gave to Manhunt. Their expertise and good humor make Mary Surratt’s country tavern and the James O. Hall Research Center two of the most interesting and informative sites on the Lincoln assassination trail.
Many thanks to my “first readers” Michael Burlingame, Ronald K. L. Collins, and Edward Steers Jr. for reading the manuscript with keen eyes, and making valuable suggestions.
At Ford’s Theatre, my friend Paul Tetreault offered good counsel, a public venue to share my research, and the opportunity to participate in the preservation of an American landmark. Paul is a remarkable catalyst and visionary who understands the potential of Ford’s as both a working playhouse and a museum that tells the story of Lincoln’s life and death. At the National Park Service, Kym Elder, Rae Emerson, and Gloria Swift were always ready to provide assistance, advice, and encouragement.
At the Heritage Foundation, Attorney General Edwin Meese III and Todd Gaziano, director of the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies, provided me with a collegial home during the time I wrote this book. Jessica Kline gave valuable assistance with all computer mysteries. Interns Laura Clauser and Andrew O’Dell helped track down a number of hard-to-find documents and articles.
My friend and literary agent, Richard Abate, grasped the dramatic possibilities of this story about the end days of the two Civil War presidents and made a number of invaluable suggestions on how to think about and tell this tale. He critiqued the manuscript, provided his usual telling insights, and in a number of ways above and beyond the call of an agent, gave this book his “last measure of devotion.”
I also thank my television agent at WME Entertainment, Julie Weitz, for her tireless efforts in translating my work into another medium.
My wife, Andrea E. Mays, occupied with her own book on the hunt for Shakespeare’s First Folio, read the manuscript several times, made countless editorial improvements, helped sift through the abundance of art works to select the images, and, whenever I got bogged down in the trees, cut me a path to clarity. Andrea lived with this book for more than two years and helped me bring alive the saga of Lincoln and Davis. Our boys, Cameron and Harrison, ages thirteen and eleven, were our companions on visits to historic sites, my assistants at book signings, and coaches on storytelling. “Readers want blood,” said Cameron. “And knives,” added Harrison.
Finally, my father, Lennart J. Swanson, traveled with me for much of this journey. In a way, he began this book by taking me on an unforgettable trip to Gettysburg when I was ten years old. We have been traveling on that path ever since.
James L. Swanson
Washington, D.C.
July 7, 2010
Also By James L. Swanson
Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer
Copyright
The maps on pages 275, 300, and 380 were created by Kieran McAuliffe.
All interior artworks, unless otherwise indicated, are from the author’s private collection. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Library of Congress for photographs that appear on the front and back endpapers. Additionally, the author wishes to thank the following for use of the photographs that appear throughout the text: Library of Congress (pp. 4, 112, 137, 191, 211, 226, 264, 334, 335, 343, 346, 362, 377, 399, 403); Ed Steers, Jr. (p. 104); Ford’s Theatre, National Park Service (p. 129); National Museum of Health and Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center (p. 135); Stack’s (p. 142); Indiana Historical Society (pp. 203, 260); Terrell Library, Washington State University (p. 207); Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Mus
eum (p. 230); U.S. Army Center of Military History (p. 360); The Jefferson Davis Home and Presidential Library, Beauvoir (p. 364); New Orleans Public Library (pp. 379, 384); North Carolina State Archives (p. 385); Wes Cowan (p. 395).
BLOODY CRIMES. Copyright © 2010 by James L. Swanson.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
EPub Edition © AUGUST 2010 ISBN: 978-0-061-98985-8
FIRST EDITION
Designed by Richard Oriolo
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Swanson, James L.
Bloody crimes : the chase for Jefferson Davis and the death pageant for Lincoln’s corpse / James L. Swanson.—1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Davis, Jefferson, 1808–1889—Captivity, 1865–1867. 2. Lincoln, Abraham, 1809–1865—Death and burial. 3. Fugitives from justice—United States—Case studies. 4. Political prisoners—United States—Case studies. 5. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Prisoners and prisons. I. Title.
E477.98.S93 2010
973.7’7092—dc22
2010029404
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