territorial governor’s office in, 86
Trollope in, 223
See also Fort Washington
Civil War, 256–57
Clarkson, Gerardus, 19, 22
Cleveland, 212, 231–32
climate. See weather
Columbus
as state capital, 197, 211
See also Ohio legislature
communication: with early settlers, 50–52
Congregational Church
in Ipswich Hamlet/Hamilton, 3, 179
in Marietta, 173, 208, 218–19, 245, 258
Congress, U.S.
and Burr conspiracy, 158
Cutler (Manasseh) as representative to, 138–43
and Embargo Act, 171
Gag Rule in, 247
and Indians as threat, 96
and Northwest Ordinance, 83
and Ohio constitution, 149
and Putnam as commander of frontier army, 116
St. Clair Defeat investigation by, 113, 114
toasts to, 56
War of 1812 and, 189
and Washington’s death, 135
See also Continental Congress
Constitution, U.S., 56, 60
Constitutional Convention, 13, 18, 19–24
Continental Congress, 9–11, 12–14, 15–18, 24, 25–30
Cook, Rhoda. See Hildreth, Rhoda Cook
Cornplanter (Seneca chief), 62
Court of Common Pleas, 126, 128–29, 204, 241
Crawford, William, 8, 43
Creek Indians, 102
Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John de, 3, 11–12
Cutler, Charles, 148–49, 228, 252
Cutler, Ephraim
accomplishments/honors of, 255–56
and Adams (John Quincy) Ohio expedition, 242, 245, 246–47
appearance of, 121
Atwater appreciation for efforts of, 216–17
autobiography of, 241
Cutler, Ephraim (cont.)
Barker family and, 137
birth of, 4
and Blennerhassett, 135
and Board of Treasury-Ohio Company contract, 30
and Charles’s (brother) death, 148
and Charles’s (son) death, 252
childhood/youth of, 121–22
commissions for, 126
as Court of Common Pleas judge, 126, 128–29, 241
death of, 255
deaths of children of, 124
“droving business” of, 146–47
and earthquake, 185
education of, 122, 213–14
as education proponent, 29, 147–48, 183, 195, 197–200, 211, 212, 213–16, 217, 219–20, 256
and Erie Canal, 217
family of, 127, 182, 197, 199, 249
as farmer, 121–22, 126–27, 148, 254, 255
financial affairs of, 129, 146, 182
and first expedition to Ohio Country, 32
and flooding in Marietta, 188
health/illness of, 124, 145–46, 204, 215–16, 250, 254
and Hildreth, 253, 254
hospitality of, 182–83, 189–90, 228, 241–42, 254
and Indians as threat, 127
and Jervis, 149, 250
journey to Ohio Country of, 123–24
as justice of the peace, 126
late years of, 241–42, 253–54, 255
and Leah’s health/death, 177–78, 179
as librarian, 148
and Manasseh as congressman, 138
Manasseh compared with, 121
Manasseh criticisms of, 139
Manasseh relationship with, 121–22, 126–27, 137, 138, 142–43, 144, 149, 178, 179–82, 185–86, 200–201
marriages of, 122–23, 178-82
militia commission of, 126
as new emigrant, 121, 123–24
and Ohio constitution, 144, 145–47
as Ohio legislator, 138–39, 143, 178, 183, 185, 197–200, 204, 211–12, 214–15, 216–17, 255–56
and Ohio University, 200–201, 211, 212, 215–16, 217, 241, 256
as orator, 199, 218–20
Parker marriage to, 178–82
and Putnam (Rufus), 143
road building by, 143
Sally letters to/from, 178–82, 197, 198, 199–200, 204, 211, 214–15, 216, 217
slavery views of, 144, 145–47, 197, 206, 213, 247, 248–49, 255–56
as surveyor, 126
and taxation, 198, 216, 217
and temperance movement, 228
views about politicians of, 198
War of 1812 and, 185–86, 189–90
Washington County Agricultural Fair speech of, 218–20
Washington, D.C. visit of, 142–43
Waterford move of, 125–26, 127
William’s relationship with, 249–51, 254
Cutler, Jervis
birth of, 4
book by, 171
businesses of, 149, 170–71
communications from, 50
and Cutler (Manasseh) visit to Marietta, 58
death of, 250
and expeditions/settlements in Ohio Country, 32, 33, 39, 43, 47–48, 77, 122, 148
as lost in woods, 77
marriage of, 123
in Ohio militia, 170
reputation of, 149
return from Ohio Country of, 123
Cutler, Julia Perkins, 30, 146, 182–83, 228, 241–42, 246, 250, 252, 253, 254, 257
Cutler, Leah Atwood (Ephraim’s wife), 122–23, 124, 127, 177–78, 179
Cutler, Manasseh
Adams (John Quincy) visit with, 246
as “agent” for Ohio Company, 3, 6, 12, 13–24, 25–31, 115–16
appearance/personality of, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16, 24
and Board of Treasury-Ohio Company contract, 29
and Bunch of Grapes meeting, 6, 11
character of, 32, 60, 84, 126
and Charles’s death, 148–49
communication between first settlers and, 50
as congressman, 138–43, 179
and Cutler’s emigration to Ohio Country, 32
death of, 201, 204
and descriptions of Ohio Country, 12, 31–32
and earthworks, 49, 62
education of, 4, 5–6
as education proponent, 29, 30, 31–32, 147, 181, 200–201, 213, 219
Ephraim compared with, 121
Ephraim relationship with, 121–22, 126–27, 137, 138, 139, 142–43, 144, 149, 178, 179–82, 185–86, 200–201
and Ephraim-Sally marriage, 179–82
family of, 139–40
financial affairs of, 5
and first expedition to Ohio Country, 31–33, 40
health of, 200, 201
and Hildreth as Ohio emigrant, 168
honors/accomplishments of, 201, 207–8
and Indian-settler relations, 59, 62
intellectual/scientific interests of, 5–6, 14, 20, 21–23, 31–32, 58–59, 60, 62, 201
Jefferson dinner with, 141–42
letters of introduction for, 3, 14, 24
and library, 148
Marietta visit of, 57–60, 62
and naming of first settlement, 55–56
and Northwest Ordinance, 30, 122, 201
and Northwest Territory as land of opportunity, 9
and Ohio University, 200–201
pamphlet about Ohio Country by, 31–32, 84
as pastor, 3–4, 122, 179
personal/professional background of, 3–6
Philadelphia visit of, 18–24
and politics in Marietta, 144
Putnam relationship with, 45, 50, 51, 82, 84, 207–8
Revolutionary War service of, 6
and Sargent-Tupper relationship, 69, 70
and Scioto Company, 84
and shares of Ohio Company, 12
and shipbuilding in Marietta, 170
and slavery, 30, 146, 201
St. Clair and, 116
and Story as Marietta pastor, 74
War of 1812 and, 185–86
Cutler, Manasseh (Ephraim’s son), 205
Cutler, Mary Balch (wife), 4, 5, 16, 115, 116, 124, 143, 200
Cutler, Sally Parker
death/burial of, 251–52, 256
Ephraim letters to/from, 178–82, 183, 197, 198, 199–200, 204, 211, 214–15, 216, 217
Ephraim’s courtship and marriage to, 178–82, 183
health of, 204, 250
and son’s death, 204
Cutler, Sarah. See Dawes, Sarah Cutler
Cutler, William Parker, 30, 217, 249–51, 252, 254, 256
Dana, Elizabeth. See Barker, Elizabeth Dana
Dana, Mary Bancroft, 78–79
Dana, William, 78–79, 82
Dane, Nathan, 9, 25, 30
Dawes, Rufus, 248–49
Dawes, Sarah Cutler, 137, 207, 248
Declaration of Independence, 19, 30
Delaware Indians
and Big Bottom attack, 89
and Crawford murder, 8
and Cutler (Manasseh) visit to Marietta, 59
and first expedition/settlements in Ohio Country, 43, 55
and Hutchins survey of Ohio River, 17
and Indian-settler relations, 51, 63
massacre (1782) by, 8
“Pow-wows” of, 55
Putnam concerns about, 88
removal of, 230
and St. Clair’s defeat, 102, 106
as threat to settlers, 87, 88, 92
treaties with, 63
Denny, Ebenezer, 54, 98–102, 104–13
Devol, Jonathan, 38–39, 40, 42, 47, 110, 130–31, 137, 170, 171, 219
Devol, Stephen, 136
Dickens, Charles, 224–25, 227–29, 230
Dorchester Heights: British attack (1776) on, 36–37
drought, 203
“droving business,” 146–47
Duer, William, 17–18, 25–26, 27, 83, 84–85, 86
earthquake: in Marietta, 184–85
earthworks, 48–50, 51, 53–54, 59, 62, 69, 86. See also Great Mound
economy: and shipbuilding, 170–72
education
Cutler (Ephraim) as proponent of, 147–48, 183, 195, 197–200, 211, 212, 213–16, 217, 219–20, 246, 256
Cutler (Manasseh) views about, 29, 30, 31–32, 60, 147, 181, 200–201, 213, 219
and German immigrants, 213
importance of, 12, 29, 219–20
and Northwest Ordinance, 12, 29, 30, 31–32, 212
and Ohio Company, 147
See also schools; specific person or institution
elections of 1800, 138, 141, 144, 153
elections of 1828, 242
Embargo Act, 171, 183
Emerson, Caleb, 186, 220, 241–42, 246, 247, 248
emigrants/emigration
arrival of new Ohio, 70–75
enthusiasm for, 50, 51, 53–54
foreign, 195–96
French, 84–86, 87
German, 228, 253
increase in number of, 50–52, 60–62, 118, 173, 195–96
Irish, 228, 253
Jewish, 253
as leaving Ohio Country, 110–11
and Northwest Territory as land of opportunity, 9, 11
Putnam comments about, 110–11
reactions to Marietta by, 73–75
regrets of, 67
types of transportation for, 60–62
views about, 50–52
women as, 71–73
See also specific person
Erie Canal, 199, 216, 217, 233
Erie (steamboat), 233
Excell (steamboat), 238
Fearing, Paul, 52, 125, 131, 166, 204
Federal Creek, 138, 148
fiddling-wolves story, 65
financial panic, 8–9
first expedition to Ohio Country
and boat building, 39, 40
departure from Sumerill’s Ferry of, 40
departure from Massachusetts of, 33, 35
food/provisions for, 33, 40, 41
and health conditions, 40
and Indians, 43
members of, 32, 33, 38–39
morale on, 42–43
plans/preparations for, 31–33, 37
Putnam as leader of, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43–44
travel conditions for, 33, 38, 39–43
wages on, 33
wagon for, 33
See also settlers/settlements, first; specific person
flatboats, 61
Flint, Thomas, 221–22
food/provisions
for children, 80
and early expeditions/settlers in Ohio Country, 33, 40, 41, 54, 65, 67–68, 70
generosity concerning, 80–81
for Marietta, 67–68, 77, 79–82
for Mathews surveying party, 75
for St. Clair’s army, 101, 107–8
and “Starving Year,” 79–81
and weather, 77
forests/trees, 44, 45–46, 49, 58, 100, 171, 232–33
Fort Duquesne, 98
Fort Frye, 126
Fort Hamilton, 99, 100, 107
Fort Harmar, 17, 42, 43, 45, 46–47, 54, 56–57, 62, 63–64, 92, 93
Fort Jefferson, 103, 107
Fort Pitt, 17, 40–41, 62
Fort Ticonderoga, 96–97, 102, 114
Fort Washington, 86, 97, 99, 100, 101, 107, 108, 109–10, 117
France, 79, 84–86, 87. See also French and Indian War
Franklin, Benjamin, 4, 18, 20–22, 49, 56
free blacks: voting by, 144
French and Indian War, 17, 36, 38, 98. See also Braddock’s (Edward) Defeat
Gag Rule, 247
Gallipolis: French in, 85–86
Gardner, John, 47–48
German immigrants, 213, 228, 253
Gerry, Elbridge, 19, 20, 21
Girty, Simon, 102
Great Mound, 48–49, 50, 59, 62, 64, 69, 154. See also earthworks
Greene & Company, 170
Greene, Charles, 136
Guilford, Nathan, 212, 217
Hamilton, Alexander, 19, 22, 152, 154
Hamilton, Massachusetts: Ipswich Hamlet renamed, 138
Harmar, Josiah, 43, 45, 53, 87–88, 92, 97–98, 102, 108–9, 114
Harmar, Mrs. Josiah, 59
Harrison, William Henry, 59, 189
Harvard College/University, 4, 5, 30, 69, 140, 167, 201, 220
health conditions
and Cutler (Manasseh) visit to Marietta, 59
and drought conditions, 203–4
and early expeditions/settlers to Ohio Country, 40, 51, 54–55
fever outbreaks and, 165–66, 205
in Marietta, 77, 78, 81, 110
See also specific person or disease
Heath, William, 36–37
Henderson, Edward, 94, 95
Herald (steamboat), 209–10
Hildreth, Charles, 191, 231
Hildreth, George, 231, 257, 258
Hildreth, Rhoda Cook (wife), 169, 172, 231–32, 237, 239, 258
Hildreth, Samuel P.
and alcohol, 226–27
appearance of, 167
and Barker (Joseph), 210, 245
and Big Bottom Indian attack, 89
and Blennerhasset, 157, 169
and Burr conspiracy, 157, 160
character/personality of, 166–67, 258
and Cutler (Ephraim), 253, 254
death/funeral of, 256, 258
and descriptions of Marietta, 165, 172–73
drought comments of, 203–4
and earthquake, 185
East Coast visit by, 231–39
education of, 166, 167
as educator, 169
family of, 172, 190–91, 210
and family visit to Ohio, 204–5
and father’s death, 205
and fever outbreak, 165–66
financial affairs of, 166, 168, 191
and floo
ding in Marietta, 187
health of, 257, 258
honors/tributes for, 156, 172, 177, 257–58
house for, 210–11, 258
initial journey/arrival in Marietta of, 156, 168–69
library of, 169
and Marietta College, 220, 258
marriage of, 169
Massachusetts visit of, 190–91
medical practice of, 165–66, 172, 173–76, 177, 204, 210, 253
medical speeches of, 231, 232
Methuen as birthplace of, 237
personal/professional background of, 166
and Putnam memories, 206
as representative to Ohio legislature, 177
scar on top of head of, 190–91
scientific interests of, 172, 176–77, 187, 210, 232, 234–35, 258
and Silliman, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 253, 258
“Starving Year” comments of, 80
and True, 204
writings/publications by, 169, 206, 211, 226–27, 234, 245, 253, 258
Yale visit by, 234–37, 239
historic preservation, 51
Hocking River (Hockhocking River), 77, 147
Hutchins, Thomas, 16–17, 18, 38, 187
Indians
attacks on first settlers by, 55
and communications from first settlers, 50
concerns about settlers of, 63–64
and Cutler (Manasseh) visit to Marietta, 59
drunkeness among, 59
and earthworks, 49
and first expedition to Ohio Country, 43
foreign travelers views about, 230
Fort Washington as base of operations against, 86
Indians (cont.)
and Harmar’s frontier army, 87–90
and hostility toward surveyors, 75–76
killing of animals by, 63–64, 79
and names in Ohio, 230
and Northwest Ordinance, 29
Northwest Territory as rightful domain of, 8
and Ohio Company-Board of Treasury contract, 29
at the Point, 43
Putnam’s views about, 43, 46–47, 51, 64, 87–88, 90, 206
removal of, 230
settlers relationship with, 46–47, 58, 63–64, 86–88, 91–94, 206
squatters dislike for, 45
and St. Clair’s army, 99–115
as threat to settlers, 8, 55, 75–77, 87–88, 91–94, 95–99, 110, 117, 125, 127, 186
treaties with, 14, 38, 62, 63–64
women, 59
See also specific person, tribe, attack/battle, or treaty
influenza epidemic, 169, 183, 204
Ipswich Hamlet (Massachusetts), 3–4, 33, 138
Irish immigrants, 228–29, 253
Jackson, Andrew, 189, 241, 242
Jefferson, Thomas
and Burr conspiracy, 157, 158–59, 162
Burr relationship with, 152, 159
Cutler (Manasseh) dinner with, 141–42
description of Ohio River by, 12
as designer of Virginia Hall of Delegates, 163
elections of 1800 and, 138, 141, 144, 153
and Embargo Act, 171, 183
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