Caught in the Revolution

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Caught in the Revolution Page 44

by Helen Rappaport

Putilov lock-out, 46–7; Women’s Day protests; bread-riots, 49–60, 188; Putilov strike begins, 62–3; looting begins, 63; troops and faraony ordered to clear crowds, 64–5; Cossacks side with protesters, 65–6; looting of Pekar’s patisserie, 66–7; Tsar informed of disturbances, 69; Khabalov institutes draconian measures to control city, 71; violence near Anichkov Bridge, 73–4; massacre at Znamensky Square, 75–6; Pavlovsky Regiment mutiny, 78; party at Princess Radziwill’s palace, 79–80; Duma prorogued, 80–1; Red Monday mutinies and violence, 83, 85–105; Tsar announces plans to return, 100; Duma forms Provisional Executive Committee; orders arrest of Council of Ministers, 101; formation of Petrograd Soviet, 101; Baltic fleet mutiny at Kronstadt, 140, 207; violence at Hotel Astoria, 109–16; killing of Stackelberg, 117–18; surrender of Arsenal, 122; Duma and Soviet negotiate at Tauride Palace; arrests of tsarist ministers, 122–8; militia formed to keep peace, 130; abdication of Tsar, 59, 135–7; Provisional Government formed, 137–9; destruction of imperial insignia, 140–2; Allies recognise Provisional Government; diplomats received at Mariinsky Palace, 149–51; funeral held for casualties, 153–9, 171, 225, 226

  feminism, 189, 253; see also women’s rights

  Field of Mars, Petrograd, 5, 20, 48, 50, 78, 86, 153–9, 171, 173, 205, 216, 217, 218, 225

  Filippov’s bakery, Petrograd, 52

  Finland, 27, 28, 45, 78, 144, 162, 179, 206, 224, 241, 267, 269, 300

  Finland Station, Petrograd, 10, 27, 92, 160, 162, 163, 177, 258, 294, 327

  Finnish Regiment, 175

  Fleurot, Arno see under Dosch-Fleurot, Arno

  Fontanka River Embankment, 33, 71, 75, 79, 98, 152, 190, 210

  food shortages, 16–19, 20–1, 43–5, 48–60, 61–4, 119–20, 180, 203–4, 230–1, 232, 234–6, 237, 250–1, 260, 268, 309–10, 313–16, 333

  Ford, 11, 308, 326

  France, French embassy, 2–3, 5, 14–15, 20, 23, 38–43, 47, 50, 55, 60, 63, 69, 79, 84, 88, 108, 109, 127–8, 135–7, 139–40, 150–1, 158–9, 163, 166, 167–9, 173, 176–8, 181, 183, 241, 247, 260, 266, 267, 270, 293–4, 299, 300, 304–5, 313, 329

  1789 Revolution, 79, 85, 103, 114, 132–3, 137, 244, 271, 272, 307

  1848 Revolution, 85, 132

  Francis, David Rowland, 8–15, 16, 22, 39, 83, 84, 102, 108, 118, 131, 143, 149–50, 162, 169–71, 204, 205, 218, 220, 223, 233, 242, 244, 245, 247, 258, 259, 266, 274, 303–4, 314, 322, 325–6

  Francis, Jane, 9, 13, 14, 218, 220, 227, 312, 314

  Francis, Perry, 12, 162, 301

  Freedericksz, Baron Vladimir Borisovich, 118

  freedom of speech, 124, 139, 143–4, 305, 330

  French Embankment, Petrograd, 106, 291, 322

  French language, 3, 12, 38, 151, 233, 284, 304

  From Tsar to Lenin, 333

  Fuller, John Louis, 257, 259–60, 274, 277–8, 290, 315, 316, 317

  Furshtatskaya, Petrograd, 11, 84, 102, 163, 204, 216, 218

  Fyfe, Hamilton, 29, 94

  G

  Galicia (Eastern Europe), 206, 209, 230

  gambling, 261

  Garstin, Denis, 19, 211, 313

  gas gangrene, 34

  Gatchina, Russia, 296, 299

  Gavriil Konstantinovich, Prince, 23

  Gaylord, Franklin, 236

  General Staff College, Petrograd, 122

  George V, 136, 321, 326

  Gerhardie, William, 317

  German Curse in Russia, The (Thompson) 332–3

  Germany, 2, 3, 5, 13, 20, 30, 44, 67, 69, 94, 95, 108–9, 112, 137, 139, 161, 162, 167, 176, 199, 222, 230, 237, 238, 245, 246, 248, 251, 260, 261–2, 283, 295, 300, 303, 308, 309, 314, 325, 329, 332–3

  Gibson, William J., 92, 105

  Gogol, Nikolay Vasilievich, 59

  Gogolskaya, Petrograd, 110, 299

  Golder, Frank, 155

  golf, 4

  Golitsyn, Nikolai Dmitriyevich, 81, 101

  Goremykin, Ivan, 126

  Gorokhovaya, Petrograd, 306

  Government Inspector, The (Gogol), 59

  Grabbe, Mikhail, 11

  Graflex cameras, 46

  gramophones, 14, 319

  Grant, Julia, see Cantcuzène-Speransky, Julia

  Grant, Lilias, 31, 37

  Grant, Ulysses, 12, 190

  Grebetskaya, Petrograd, 298

  Greenwich Village, New York, 253, 254

  Grenadersky Barracks, Petrograd, 292

  grenades, 65, 68

  Greville, Francis, Lord Brooke, 42

  Grey, Sir Edward, 7

  Grey, Lady Sybil, 36–7, 57, 74, 75, 97, 111, 127, 328

  Guard Equipage, 122

  Guchkov, Alexander, 135, 137, 149, 176, 179–80

  Gumberg, Alexander, 254, 259

  gyroscopic cameras, 73

  H

  H.H.H.s (‘helpless, hopeless, hystericals’), 38, 302

  Hall, Bert, 56, 103, 140

  hand-grenades, 65, 68

  Harper, Florence, 29–30, 46, 48, 50, 53, 57–8, 64, 65–6, 68, 69, 72–4, 77, 88, 109, 111, 113–16, 128, 130, 147, 152–3, 157, 182, 191, 196, 199, 200, 202–4, 206, 207–8, 222, 242, 244, 249, 331–2

  Harper, Samuel, 10

  Heald, Edward, 110, 114, 131, 155, 162, 164, 167, 172, 176, 180

  Hegan, Edith, 67, 74, 75, 91, 96, 116, 136

  Helena, Princess, 35, 36

  Henderson, Arthur, 178–9

  Hercules, Jim, 334

  Hermitage Museum, Petrograd, 80, 174, 182

  Hitler, Adolf, 329

  Hog Alley, Jefferson, 9, 326

  Hotel Astoria, Petrograd, 15–16, 18, 21, 23, 30, 44, 48, 66, 70, 77, 81, 104, 109–16, 128, 147, 171, 172, 189, 192, 197, 202, 203, 204, 235, 240, 242–3, 244, 249, 252, 296

  Hotel d’Angleterre, Petrograd, 15, 115, 189

  Hotel d’Europe, Petrograd, 12, 16, 40–1, 66, 68, 169, 190, 234, 252

  Hotel de France, Petrograd, 15, 28, 85, 100, 234, 250

  Hotel Metropole, Moscow, 301

  Houghteling, James, 11, 30, 90, 114, 115, 119, 123–4, 141, 149, 150, 157

  House of Preliminary Detention, Petrograd, 93

  Hubbard, Egerton, 2

  I

  L’Idée de Françoise (Paul Gavault), 69, 78

  ikons, 158

  imperial insignia, 140–2, 234, 262

  Imperial Yacht Club, 4, 141

  Indianapolis, Indiana, 257

  Industrial Workers of the World, 253

  Inside the Russian Revolution (Dorr), 333

  International Harvester, 8

  International Women’s Day, 49–53

  ‘Internationale’, 163

  internment camps, 44

  Iskra, 161

  Islam, 163, 241

  Italy, 3, 5, 20, 40, 41, 42, 109, 150, 163, 261, 266, 324

  Izmailovsky Prospekt, Petrograd, 199–200

  Izmailovsky Regiment, 102

  Izvestiya, 103

  izvozchiki, see under droshkies

  J

  Japan, 5, 30, 91, 117, 231, 251, 328

  Jefferson, Geoffrey, 34, 36, 141

  Jefferson, Missouri, 9, 326

  Jewish people, 1, 9, 63, 257

  Jordan, Philip, 9–10, 12–14, 23, 150, 170–1, 204, 218, 220, 226–7, 241, 247, 274, 301, 304, 307–8, 309, 312, 314, 322, 326, 334

  Journal de St-Pétersbourg, 3

  Judson, William J., 167

  July Days, 222, 227, 228, 239, 244, 245, 259, 299

  K

  Kadets, 209, 262

  Kalmyks, 163

  Kamenev, Lev, 275

  Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, Petrograd, 102, 103

  Kantemirovsky Palace, Petrograd, 83

  Karsavina, Tamara, 15, 261

  kasha, 235, 285

  Kazan Cathedral, Petrograd, 54, 57, 63, 167, 170, 175, 198, 320

  Keeling, Henry, 148

  Keksgolmsky Regiment, 91

  Kenney, Jessie, 187–9, 191–3, 197–202, 227–8, 229, 237, 249–50

  Kennon, George, 28

  Kerby, Edith, 189–90r />
  Kerensky, Alexander, 127, 137–9, 151, 162, 169, 176, 180, 188, 194, 198, 206, 220, 224, 225, 227–9, 231, 237, 238–44, 251, 252, 259, 263–6, 271–3, 275, 281–3, 286, 295–6, 299–300

  Khabalov, Sergey, 50, 54, 58, 59, 69, 71, 80

  Kiev, Ukraine, 328

  Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 122

  Kirochnaya, Petrograd, 212

  Knox, Alfred, 87, 92, 105, 125, 139, 151, 178, 239, 294, 321

  Kolomensky Women’s Institute, Petrograd, 195

  Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 205

  kontributsiya, 176

  Konyushennaya, Petrograd, 72

  Kornilov, Lavr, 175, 198, 224, 238–45, 260, 286, 295, 299

  Korsakov, Nikolay Rimsky-, 238

  Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolayevich, 299

  Kremlin, Moscow, 301, 331

  Krestovsky prison, Petrograd, 92–3, 103

  Kristiania, Norway, 189, 257, 273

  Kristianiafjod, 165

  Kronstadt, Petrograd, 140, 207–9, 215–17, 241, 242, 286, 294, 311

  Kronversky Prospekt, Petrograd, 165

  Kropotkin, Alexandra, 252

  Kropotkin, Peter, 252

  Krymov, Alexander, 240–1, 243

  Kschessinska, Mathilde, 163

  Kschessinska Mansion, Petrograd, 163, 164, 165, 208, 220, 221, 222, 271

  L

  Labour Party (Britain), 168, 172, 178

  Laiming, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, 96

  Lake Ladoga, 274

  Lampson, Oliver Locker, 104

  Lansing, Robert, 149–50

  ‘Last-Ditchers’ in Petrograd, 325

  Latvia, 1, 182, 221, 238, 240, 270, 282

  Lawrence, David Herbert, 16

  Leeds Russian Archive, 328

  Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 161–6, 171, 174–5, 177, 200, 201, 206, 208–9, 212, 222, 224–5, 228, 230, 240, 241, 252, 259, 275–6, 286, 294–5, 299–300, 269, 285, 305, 306, 313, 329, 330, 331

  Leslie’s Weekly, 29

  Levashovo, Petrograd, 292

  Lewis, Roger 29

  Liberty Loan, 234

  Lidvall, Fredrik, 16

  Lighthouse, see Mayak

  Ligovskaya, Petrograd, 75

  Lindley, Francis, 95, 168, 243, 281, 327

  Liteiny Bridge, Petrograd, 55, 62, 85, 86, 89, 221, 273

  Liteiny Prospekt, Petrograd, 40, 47, 49, 63, 75, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 99, 129, 134, 215, 218

  Lithuanian Regiment, 85

  Litovsky prison, Petrograd, 93

  Litovsky Regiment, 91

  Livadia, Crimea, 136

  Lloyd George, David, 40, 178, 179, 188, 273

  Locker Lampson, Oliver, 109–10, 113, 131

  Lockhart, Robert Bruce, 7, 10–11, 20, 42, 176

  Lombard, Bousfield Swan, 3, 31, 93, 96, 118, 322, 325, 328

  London, England, 13, 16, 29, 32, 34, 84, 124, 181, 187, 250, 263, 319, 324, 326, 327, 334

  Long, Robert Crozier, 142, 146, 165

  looting, 63, 112–13, 116, 119–20, 211–12, 290, 308, 310–13

  Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904), 8

  Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 312

  Lvov, Georgiy, 137, 176, 180, 201, 224

  M

  Machine Gun Regiment, 209

  machine guns, 45, 48, 54, 58, 64, 67, 68, 73, 76, 82, 91, 97, 105, 129, 211, 215, 216, 218, 222, 279, 284, 291

  Magasin Anglais, Petrograd, see English Shop

  Malachite Hall, Winter Palace, 289, 293

  management-by-committees, 148

  Marat, Jean-Paul, 166, 270

  Marble Palace, Petrograd, 153, 205, 292

  Marcosson, Isaac, 92, 94, 140, 146, 156, 157, 161, 181, 329

  Maria Feodorovna, Dowager Empress, 33

  Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess, 41, 47

  Mariinsky Hospital, Petrograd, 75

  Mariinsky Palace, Petrograd, 101, 150–1, 175, 286

  Mariinsky Theatre, Petrograd, 15, 20, 37, 40, 79, 93, 142, 261, 287

  ‘Marseillaise’, 50, 73, 112, 155, 163, 173

  Marxism, 138, 308

  Mary, Queen, 321, 326

  Marye, George, 8

  Masaryk, Thomas, 189

  Masses, The, 253

  Maugham, Somerset, 251–2, 262–4, 266–7, 272–3

  maxim guns, see under machine guns

  Maximalists, 161

  May Day, 171–4

  Mayak, 8, 236

  McCully, Newton, 39

  Medved restaurant, Petrograd, 72, 252

  ‘meetinki’, 144

  de Meilhan, Sénac, 79

  Melita, Victoria, Grand Duchess Kirill, 118

  Mensheviks, 47, 101, 206, 209, 239, 270, 272, 287, 288

  Metropolitan Magazine, 253–4

  Mewes, George 88

  Mexican Revolution (1910–20), 253, 259

  Meyendorff, Paul, 78

  Meyerhold, Vsevolod Emilevich, 261

  Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 136

  Mikhailovskaya, Petrograd, 68

  Mikhailovsky Theatre, Petrograd, 15, 62, 69, 78–9, 97, 261, 313

  Military Club, Petrograd, 321

  Military Garage, Petrograd, 91

  Military Revolutionary Committee, 282, 285–6, 288, 310

  Military Revolutionary Tribunal, 305

  Militia, 130, 229

  Miller, William, 2

  Millicent Fawcett Medical Unit, 32

  Millionnaya, Petrograd, 107, 117, 321

  Milner, Alfred, 1st Viscount Milner, 40, 42

  Milyukov, Pavel, 137, 139, 150, 169, 174, 176, 179–80, 198

  Missouri, United States, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 218, 326

  Model T Ford, 11, 308, 326

  Mogilev, Belarus, 69, 135, 136

  Moika River, 71, 85, 201, 212, 287, 298, 299

  Moir, Ethel, 31, 37

  Molodechno, Belarus, 200

  Mooney, Thomas J., 170

  Morskaya, Petrograd, 4, 16, 46, 175, 234, 296

  Moscow, 52, 131, 137, 176, 238–9, 241, 245, 257, 277, 282, 301–2, 314, 331, 332

  Moscow Congress (1917), 238–9

  Moskovsky Regiment, 86, 175

  Mrs Waller’s Company, 34

  Murino golf course, Petrograd, 4, 7, 240

  Murmansk, Russia, 274, 326, 333

  My Mission to Russia (George Buchanan), 324

  My Own Story (Pankhurst), 183

  N

  nagaikas (short whips), 51, 62, 66

  Napoleon I, Emperor, 227–8, 238, 266, 307, 319

  Naryshkina, Elizaveta, 247

  National City Bank of New York, 8, 12, 17, 59, 61, 82, 107, 117, 205, 216, 257, 277, 290, 302, 309, 315, 317–19, 333

  Naudeau, Ludovic, 28–9

  Nazi Party, 329

  de Néry, Amélie (Marylie Markovitch), 55, 63, 120, 123, 132–3

  Neva River, 2, 5, 20, 21, 44, 50, 54, 80, 92, 102, 106, 118, 163, 167, 172, 222, 245, 278, 288, 293, 310, 313

  Neva Stearin Soap and Candle Works, 2

  Nevsky Prospekt, Petrograd, 2, 33, 48, 49, 51, 56, 57–9, 61–3, 65–8, 70–80, 84, 89, 91, 97, 108, 129, 131, 137, 141, 147, 154, 155, 156, 164, 171, 175, 176, 177, 199, 210, 211, 213, 214, 216, 219, 222, 226, 234, 240, 241, 251, 261, 269, 275, 287, 288, 289, 312, 320, 322

  Nevsky Thread Manufacturing Company, 2

  New Arsenal, Petrograd, 89

  New English Club, 4, 18

  New Republic, 212

  New York, United States, 8, 9, 13, 16, 27, 29, 146, 182, 205, 213, 225, 229, 251, 253, 254, 270, 272, 300, 330

  New York Call, 253

  New York Life Insurance Company, 8

  New York Times, 29, 224

  Newport, Rhode Island, 12

  newspapers, 63, 136, 143, 161, 163, 166, 195, 282

  Nicholas II, 7, 15, 18, 19, 22, 38–40, 41, 47, 56, 69, 80–1, 84–5, 100, 103, 115, 118, 134, 135, 141, 163, 193, 228, 232–3, 266, 272, 311, 334

  Nicholas Station, Petrograd, 63, 65, 67, 77, 93, 160, 214, 233, 241, 248, 286

  Nikolay Nikolaevich, Gran
d Duke, 19

  Norway, 27, 30, 31, 165, 189, 246, 250, 257, 273

  Nostitz, Count Grigory, 41

  Nostitz, Countess Lillie (Madeleine Bouton), 41–2, 118, 283, 292, 293, 298

  Noulens, Joseph, 241

  Novoe vremya, 187, 219

  Nutcracker, The (Tchaikovsky) 291

  O

  O’Grady, James, 168

  Observer, 29

  Obukhov Hospital, Petrograd, 75

  October (Eisenstein), 289, 331

  October Revolution, 11, 188, 254, 279–300, 301

  Bolsheviks vote for armed uprising, 275–6; Revolution begins, 11, 188, 254, 279–82; Bolshevik newspapers banned, Provisional Government issues arrest warrant for Trotsky, 282; guard raised to protect Provisional Government at Winter Palace, 282–3; Petrograd garrison mutiny, 285; Bolsheviks set up base at Smolny, 284; Aurora anchors beside Winter Palace, 286; Kerensky flees city; Lenin announces Bolshevik takeover, 286–7; Bolsheviks capture Winter Palace, 288–90, 292; Lenin announces new government, 294–5; Committee for Salvation cadets clash with Bolsheviks, 296–9; Lenin announces defeat of Provisional Government, 300

  Okhrana, 23, 64–5, 98, 99

  Old Arsenal, Petrograd, 87

  Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess, 33, 69

  opera, 14, 35, 40, 118, 173, 177, 238, 261, 316

  Order No. 1, 128

  Order of St Andrew, 126

  Orthodox Church, 126, 145, 155, 158–9, 160, 166–7, 225–6, 322

  Oscar II, 9

  Ottoman Empire (1299–1924), 62, 83, 91, 174, 176, 190, 267, 316

  Oudendijk, Willem (William Oudendyk), 18, 19, 144, 229, 243, 295, 306, 321

  P

  Paget, Lady Muriel, 32, 34, 36, 189, 201, 212–13, 250, 327

  Palace Bridge, see Winter Palace Bridge

  Palace Embankment, Petrograd, 5, 20, 62, 82, 83, 84, 108, 117, 217

  Palace of Justice, Petrograd, 87, 89, 104, 134

  Paléologue, Maurice, 14–15, 20, 23, 39, 40, 42–3, 47, 79, 84, 85, 108, 127–8, 132, 136, 139–40, 144, 151, 158–9, 166, 167, 168–9, 173, 176, 177, 178

  pamphlets, 144, 162

  Pankhurst, Christabel, 188

  Pankhurst, Emmeline, 183, 187–90, 191–3, 197–202, 227–8, 237, 239, 249–50

  Pankhurst, Sylvia, 188

  papirosy, 101

  Parchevsky, Tovarishch, 208

  Paris, France, 41, 42, 63, 69, 79, 132, 169, 178, 181, 183, 300

  Pathé, 233, 333

  Patouillet, Louise, 61, 72, 156, 157, 267, 304–5

  Pavlovsky Barracks, Petrograd, 153

  Pavlovsky Regiment, 74, 78, 81, 85, 107, 175, 210

  Pax, Paulette, 69, 78, 97, 247, 313

  Pekar’s patisserie, Petrograd, 66–7

  People’s House, Petrograd, 278

  Peter I the Great, 141, 261, 320

  Peter and Paul Fortress, Petrograd, 78, 104, 122, 127, 156, 220, 221, 222, 243, 288, 290, 291, 293, 298, 325

 

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