7. Lord Ferrers, steward of Mary’s Welsh household, referred to her Council as “the Prince’s Council.” L.P. IV:i:ii, 830.
8. A. F. Powell, Henry VIII (London, 1905; rev. ed. 1951), pp. 291-92.
9. L.P. IV:i:ii, 1,044-45.
10. Ibid., 709.
11. Ibid., 753.
12. Withington, I, 179.
13. Madden, p. xlii.
14. L.P. IV:ii, 1,093.
15. Ibid., 1,087.
16. Ibid., IV:i:ii, 830.
17. Ibid., 1,044.
Chapter VII
1. L.P. IV:ii, 1,075.
2. Anglo, p. 167.
3. Wriothesley, 1,107.
4. L.P. IV:i:ii, 1,001.
5. Ibid., 884.
6. Chamberlin, p. 148.
7. L.P. IV:i:ii, 864.
8. Vives and the Renascence Education of Women, pp. 102ff.
9. L.P. IV:ii, 1,157.
10. Ibid., 1,204-5, 1.238, 1,441.
11. Ibid., 1,271.
12. L.P. IV:i:ii, 634.
13. Sp. Cal. III:i, 82; J. M. Stone, The History of Mary I Queen of England (London, 1901),p. 27.
14. Quoted in Brewer, II, 152-53.
15. The foregoing has been drawn from three eyewitness accounts of the sack of Rome printed in Brewer, II, 116-27.
Chapter VIII
1. L.P. IV:ii, 1,638.
2. J. J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968), p. 151.
3. Wriothesley, I, 18 note.
4. L.P. IV:ii, 1,500-1.
5. Inventories, p. lvii.
6. L.P. IV:ii, 2,112.
7. Sp. Cal. IV: i, 96.
8. L.P. IV:ii, 2,113.
Chapter IX
1. L.P. V, 239.
2. Sp. Cal. IV:i, 351.
3. L.P. V, 136.
4. Ibid., 137.
5. Sp. Cal. IV:i, 351-52.
6. L.P.V, IIO-II.
7. Ibid., 136.
8. Ibid., 591.
9. Sp. Cal. IV: i, 634.
10. L.P. IV:ii, 2,167.
11. Ibid., V, 239.
12. Ibid., 226-27.
13. Ibid., 683.
14. Ibid., 505, 438; Sp. Cal. IV:i, 773.
15. L.P.V, 505.
16. Sp. Cal. IV:i, 633.
17. L.P. V, 145.
18. Ibid., 101
19. Ibid., 210-11, 243.
20. Ibid., 753.
21. Ibid., 125.
22. Sp. Cal. IV: ii:i, 353-54.
23. L.P. V, 137.
24. Ibid., 161.
25. Quoted in Stone, p. 494.
Chapter X
1. An English Garner: Tudor Tracts, 1532-1588 (Westminster, 1903), pp. 27-28. Descriptions of Anne’s progress and coronation are taken from Wriothesley, I, i8ff., Withington, I, i8off., Anglo, 258-59, and L.P. VI, 181-82, 250-51, 264-66, 276-78.
2. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:i, 487.
3. L.P. V, 288.
4. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 646, 688; William Chappell, Old English Popular Music (New York, 1855, reprint 1961), pp. 54-55.
5. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 646; Anglo, 259.
6. Ibid., 923.
7. Brewer, II, 173.
8. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 788.
9. Ibid., IV:ii:i, 584.
10. Ibid., IV:ii:ii, 693.
11. Ibid., 681.
12. Ibid., 645.
13. Ibid., 738.
14. Ibid., 646.
15. Ibid., 740.
16. Ibid., 1,058.
17. Strickland, III, 326-27.
18. Psalm 91: 5-7.
19. II Kings 6:16.
Chapter XI
1. L.P. VI, 418, 624,584-89.
2. Ibid., 399-400.
3. Ibid., 655.
4. Ibid., 227.
5. Franklin Le Van Baumer, The Early Tudor Theory of Kingship (New Haven and London, 1940), p. 86.
6. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 822, 839.
7. Ibid., 839.
8. Ibid., 881-82.
9. L.P. VII, 8.
10. Ibid., 84.
11. Ibid., 69.
12. Ibid., 14-16.
13. Ibid., 214.
14. Ibid., 254.
15. Ibid., 127.
16. Ibid., 323.
17. Ibid., 634.
18. Ibid., 214.
19. Sp. Cal. V:i, 11.
Chapter XII
1. L.P. III:i, 508-9.
2. L.P. VIII, 76-77.
3. Ibid., 105.
4. Ibid., 1-2.
5. Ibid., 66.
6. Ibid., V, 90; VII, 463; Madden, liii-liv; Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 724,
7. L.P.VIL445.
8. Ibid., VIII, 172-73.
9. Ibid., VIII, 167.
10. L.P. VII, 463.
11. Ibid., 497.
12. Sp. Cal. V:i, 280.
13. L.P. VII, 463.
14. Paul Friedmann, Anne Boleyn: A Chapter of English History 1527-1536, 2 vols. (London, 1884), II, 50-51.
15. This list is taken from the works of the sixteenth-century surgeon Ambroise Pare, quoted in Ilza Veith, Hysteria: the History of a Disease (Chicago and London, 1965), pp. 116-17.
16. Veith, p. 118.
17. L.P. V, 169.
Chapter XIII
1. L.P. VIII, 251, 272.
2. Philip Hughes, The Reformation in England, 3 vols. (New York, 1951-54), I. 280.
3. L.P. VIII, 272.
4. Friedmann, II, 54.
5. Ibid., II, 82.
6. L.P. VII, 62.
7. Sp. Cal. V:i, 520.
8. L.P. VIII, 373.
Chapter XIV
1. L.P. VIII, 253.
2. Ibid., 210.
3. Sp. Cal. V:i, 410.
4. L.P. VIII, 103.
5. Sp. Cal. V:i, 433.
6. L.P. VIII, 194.
7. Ibid., 165.
8. Ibid., 370.
9. Sp. Cal. V:i, 573.
10. Ibid., 433; L.P. VIII, 169.
11. Sp. Cal. V:i, 519-20.
12. Ibid., 529.
13. Ibid., 465.
14. Ibid., 540.
15. L.P. IX, 230.
16. Sp. Cal. V:i, 559-60.
17. L.P. IX, 262,288, 290.
18. Ven. Cal. V, 257-58.
19. L.P. X, 20-22.
Chapter XV
1. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 28.
2. L.P. VIII, 78-79.
3. Ven. Cal. V, 40.
4. L.P. X, 14.
5. Ibid., 104-6, 14-15.
6. Ibid., 27.
7. Ibid., 135.
8. Ibid., 67-70.
9. Ibid., 134.
10. Ibid., 103.
11. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 14.
12. L.P. X, 134.
13. Ibid., 116—17.
14. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 12-13; L.P. X, 69.
15. L.P.X,315.
16. Ibid., 377-78.
17. Ibid., 378.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., 401.
ChapterXVI
1. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 124.
2. Ibid., 133.
3. Ibid., 107.
4. Wriothesley, 1,44.
5. Ibid., 51.
6. Ibid., 49.
7. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 139.
8. Wriothesley, I, 45.
9. L.P. X, 466-67.
10. Ibid., 411—14.
11. Ibid. XII:ii, 48,341-42.
11. Sp. Cal.V-.ii, 184.
13. L.P. X, 466-67.
14. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 183.
Chapter XVII
1. L.P. XIV:i, 81.
2. Ibid., XI, 16.
3. Ibid., X, 137-44.
4. Ibid., 144.
5. Ibid., XVI, 586.
6. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 195; Wriothesley, I, 51.
7. Sp. Cal. V-.ti, 195.
8. L.P. XI, 136.
9. Ibid., 132.
10. Sp. Cal. VTU, 199.
11. L.P.XI, 26.
12. Ibid., 54.
13. Ibid., 101,
14. Ibid., 65.
Chapter XVIII
1. L.P. XII: i, 579; Wriothesley, I, 64.
> 2. Quoted in Strickland, III, 13-14.
3. Madden, p, 43.
4. L.P. Xllru, 319-20.
5. L.P. VII, 263-68.
6. Wriothesley, 1,65.
7. L.P. XII:i, 406,
8. Wriothesley, I, 59-60.
9. L.P. XI, 346.
10. Madden, p. 30.
11. L.P. XII:i, 292.
12. Ibid., XII :ii, 30.
13. Madden, pp. 44-45.
14. Ibid., 44.
Chapter XIX
1. L.P. XVI, 586.
2. Madden, p. civ.
3. Ibid., 176.
4. Ibid., 174ff.
5. Ibid., 178.
6. Royal Letters, ed. Wood, III, 17.
7. Madden, pp. 26, 31 and passim.
8. Ibid., 177.
9. Ibid., 211 and passim.
10. Ibid., cxxxiv.
11. Ibid., cxxxix-cxl.
12. L.P. XVI, 586.
13. Madden, p. 251.
14. Ibid., 30.
15. Ibid., 48 and passim.
16. Sp. Cal.V:ii, 198-99.
17. Ibid., 282-84.
18. L.P. XII:i, 307.
19. Ibid., XII:ii, 92.
20. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 284.
21. L.P. XII:i, 526.
Chapter XX
1. A Relation . . . of the Island of England, trans. Charlotte Augusta Sneyd (London, 1847), pp. 30-31, 83-84.
2. Wriothesley, I, 89-90 and note.
3. Ibid., 86 note.
4. Sp. Cal. VI:i, 25-26.
5. L.P. XIILi, 26.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., 395-96.
8. Wriothesley, I, 115.
9. Ibid., 85.
10. L.P. XVI, 440.
11. Wriothesley, I, 73.
12. Ibid., 125.
13. L.P. XII:ii, 48.
14. Ibid., XIV:i, 18.
15. Ibid., XIII:ii, 269-70, 312-13, 318, 333; XIV:i, 15.
16. Ibid., XIII: ii, 318.
17. Ibid., XIV:i, 451-52.
Chapter XXI
1. L.P. XV, 389-91. There is no evidence that Henry ever referred to Anne as a “Flanders mare.”
2. Ibid., 65.
3. Sp. Cal. VI:i, 408.
4. L.P. XVI, 217.
5. Ibid., 615-16.
6. Ibid., 618.
7. Ibid., 620; Sp. Cal. VI: i, 396.
8. L.P. XVI, 149, 217; Sp. Cal. VI:i, 309.
9. L.P. XVI, 637.
10. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 196.
11. L.P. XIV:ii, 257; Xlll-.ii, 69.
12. Ibid., XIV:i, 18, 41; XVI, 59.
13. Ibid., XVI, 115.
14. Ibid., XVII, 220-21.
15. Ibid., Addenda, I:ii, 443.
16. Ibid., XVII, 124, 140.
17. Sp. Cal. VI :i, 484, 506, 508.
18. L.P. XVII, 170.
19. Ibid., XVI, 552.
20. Ibid., 586.
Chapter XXII
1. Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 223, 138.
2. Ibid., 223, 190; L.P. XVII, 675.
3. Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 224; L.P. XVIII:i, 162.
4. L.P. XVIII:i, 1; Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 89.
5. Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 219.
6. L.P.XXI: i, 479.
7. Ibid., XXI:ii, 394ft
8. Brewer, I, 233 and note.
9. Scarisbrick, pp. 485—86 and note.
10. Brewer, I, 233 and note.
11. L.P. XVIII: i, 483.
12. Ibid., XIX:i, 64, 189.
13. Ibid., XXI:ii, 175-76.
14. Madden, pp. 152, 220. Those of Mary’s biographers who have assumed that she and her women did the embroidery themselves have overlooked the payment to Brellont.
15. Sp. Cal. VII, 109,165.
16. L.P. XXI:i, 136, 169.
17. Wriothesley, I, 181.
18. Ven. Cal. VI :i, lviii-lix.
19. Patrick Fraser Tytler, England Under the Reigns of Edward VI and Mary, 2 vols. (London, 1839), 1,30.
Chapter XXIII
1. L.P. XIII:ii, 373.
2. Ibid., XXI:i, 282.
3. Ibid., 400.
4. Hughes, II, 25-29.
5. Sp. Cal. IX, 495-96.
6. Ibid., 101.
7. Ibid., 123.
Chapter XXIV
1. Sp. Cal. IX, 405.
2. Baumer, p. 104.
3. Quoted in Whitney R. D. Jones, The Tudor Commonwealth 1529-1559 (London, 1970), p. 53. The foregoing is based in part on Jones’ analysis of the multiple crises of Edward’s reign.
4. Tytler, I, 188.
5. Sp. Cal. IX, 101.
6. Ibid., 298.
7. Quoted in Hughes, II, 170.
8. Sp. Cal. IX, 405.
9. Ibid., 350-51.
10. Ibid., 333.
11. Ibid., 336.
12. Ibid., 360-61.
13. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 2 vols. (London, 1856), I, 20; Sp. Cal. IX, 405-8.
14. Sp. Cal. IX, 444-47.
15. Ibid.
Chapter XXV
1. Tytler, I, 174.
2. Sp. Cal. IX, 459.
3. Ibid., 469-70.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 469-70, 489-90.
6. Ibid., X, 6-7.
7. Ibid., 6.
8. Ibid., 43.
9. Viscount Dillon, “Barriers and Foot Combats,” Archaeological Journal, LXI (1904), 304.
10. Sp. Cal. X, 9.
11. Henry Clifford, The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria (London, 1887), pp. 62-63.
12. Sp. Cal. X, 144-45.
13. Ibid., IX, 99.
14. Ibid., X, 40-41.
15. Ibid., 68-69.
16. Ibid., 80-81.
Chapter XXVI
1. Sp. Cal. X, 97,106,116,117.
2. Ibid., 80-86.
3. Ibid., 94.
4. What follows is taken from Dubois’ own account of the rescue attempt, written a few days after it happened, “in full and as nearly as possible in the actual words spoken.” Sp. Cal. X, 124-35.
5. Ibid., 126-27.
Chapter XXVII
1. Sp. Cal. X, 144-45.
2. Ibid., 152-53 and note.
3. Literary Remains of Ed-ward VI, ed. J. G. Nichols, 2 vols. (London, 1857), II, 279.
4. Sp.Cal.X, 153.
5. Ibid., 145.
6. Tytler, I, 347.
7. Sp. Cal. X, 151-52.
8. Ibid., 207-8.
9. Clifford, pp. 61-62.
10. Sp. Cal. X, 9.
11. Ibid., 249.
12. Chapman, p. 200.
13. Sp. Cal. X, 209-10.
14. Ibid., 212.
15. Ibid., 215.
16. Ibid., 212-13.
17. Ibid., 258-60.
Chapter XXVIII
1. Sp. Cal. X, 257.
2. Ibid., 285.
3. Quoted in Jones, Tudor Commonwealth, p. 150.
4. Sp. Cal. X, 256-57 note.
5. Ibid., 347.
6. Andrews, pp. 1275. From John Caius’ book on the sweat of 1551.
7. Ibid., 357.
8. Ibid., 314.
9. Ibid., 248, 383.
10. What follows is taken from Rich’s account of the interview, quoted in Strickland, III, 414-17, and ffom Sp. Cal. X, 358-60.
11. The Accession of Queen Mary: being the Contemporary Narrative of Antonio de Guaras, a Spanish Merchant Resident in London, ed. Richard Garnett (London, 1892), pp. 100-1.
12. Sp. Cal. X, 223.
13. Ibid., 8-9.
14. Ibid., 223.
15. Ibid., 384-85.
16. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 48.
17. Sp. Cal. X, 377.
18. Ibid., 379.
19. Ibid., XI, 40. The best brief description of the altering of the succession in the last days of Edward’s reign is S. T. Bindoff, “A Kingdom at Stake, 1553,” History Today (September 1953), pp. 642-48.
20. Sp. Cal. XI, 35.
Chapter XXIX
1. Sp. Cal. XI, 69.
2. Who the messenger was is unknown. According to one account, it was M
ary’s goldsmith; according to another, it was Nicholas Throckmorton. It is an intriguing mystery, but the fact that Mary was forewarned of her danger several days before Edward’s death and that she had already decided to go north makes the identity of this anonymous “friend” less important than Mary’s biographers have thought.
3. The Accession of Queen Mary, p. 89.
4. Sp. Cal. XI, 80; The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, from A.D. I$$O to A.D. 1563, ed. John Gough Nichols (London, 1848), p. 35.
5. Machyn, p. 36.
6. Sp. Cal. XI, 94.
7. The Accession of Queen Mary, p. 91.
8. Ibid., 92.
9. Accounts of the rejoicing at Mary’s proclamation are in Sp. Cal. XI, 108, 115; Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, ed. John Gough Nichols (London, 1850), p. 11; The Accession of Queen Mary, p. 95.
10. Sp. Cal. XI, 112.
11. Ibid., 113.
12. Ibid., 114.
13. This account of Mary’s entry into London follows Wriothesley, II, 92-95.
14. Sp. Cal. XI, 120.
Chapter XXX
1. Perlin’s account of England in Mary’s time, “A Description of England and Scotland,” is in The Antiquarian Repertory, 4 vols. (London, 1775-84).
2. Machyn, p. 336 note.
3. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Edward VI, ed. William B. Turnbull (London, 1861), p. 55.
4. Percy Ernst Schramm, A History of the English Coronation, trans. Leopold G. Wickman Legg (Oxford, 1937), p. 57.
5. L.P. IV:i:ii, 267.
6. Tytler, II, 127.
7. Ven. Cal. VI: i, xxix.
8. Ibid., VI:i, 25,95.
9. Sp. Cal. XIII, 248.
10. Ven. Cal. V, 533.
11. Sp. Cal. XI, 166.
12. Ven. Cal. V, 532.
13. Sp. Cal. XI, 373.
14. Helen Simpson, The Spanish Marriage (Edinburgh, 1933), p. 99.
Chapter XXXI
1. Sp. Cal. XI, 119-10.
2. Ibid., 183-86; Antiquarian Repertory, I, 217.
3. Sp. Cal. XI, 187.
4. Tytler, II, 144.
5. Pen. Cal. V, 384-85.
6. Sp.Cai.Xl, 131.
7. Acts of the Privy Council of England, New Series, ed. John Roche Dasent, 31 vols. (London, 1890-1918), IV, 318.
Bloody Mary Page 67
