by Max Hastings
Blizard, Major Chares, 271
Blumkin, Yakov, 371
‘Blunderhead’ see Seth, Ronald
Blunt, Anthony, 348, 350–1, 359–60, 361, 363, 366–7, 543
Bock, Gen. Fedor von, 125
Bogel, Claus, 158
Bohlen, Major von, 469
Bohme, Sergeant, 325
Bohr, Niels, 9, 528
Bokii, Gleb Ivanovitch, 19
Bolli, Margrit, 109, 250
bombes (key-finding machines), 75, 80–1, 89, 407, 413
Bonatz, Kapitän zur See Heinz, 218–19
Bondarenko, Sergeant, 318
Bonhöffer, Dietrich, 114
Bormann, Martin, 188
Bose, Subhas Chandra, 339
Bosshard, Walter (‘Jakob’), 347
Böttcher, Paul, 109
Bötticher, Gen. Frierich von, 4
Boulder, Colorado, 505
Bowden-Smith, Brigadier ‘Bogey’, 510
Boyd, Helen, 372
Boyle, Air Commodore Archie, 269
Boyle, Cmdr, 218
Bracken, Brendan, 125
Braden, Thomas, 304
Bradley, Gen. Omar, 500
Brandin, Axel, 474
Bratton, Rufus, 164
Brauchitsch, Gen. Walter von, 314
Braun, Werner von, 310, 423
Brede, Major (of Abwehr), 341, 464
‘Breitenbach’ see Lehmann, Willy
Brenker, Field Police Inspector, 325
Brest: German warships break out from, 197–8
Brewer, Len, 25–6, 108
Bridges, Sir Edward, 101
Brinton, Crane, 291
Britain: reputation for intelligence, 8–9, 18; lacks pre-war joint staffs, 14; German invasion threat, 53; social class, 62; mobilises best brains in war, 68; intelligence liaison with USA, 98–102; wartime relations with USA, 99; warns Soviet Union of invasion threat, 125; admits to weakness in Asia, 139–40; use of intelligence, 200–1; command structure, 206; prospective relations with USSR, 302; communist sympathisers and informants, 349–50, 352–9; colonial ambitions in Asia, 509, 515–18; prestige suffers in SE Asia, 513; rivalry in Asia with USA, 513; and development of atomic bomb, 525
Britain, Battle of (1940), 105
British Security Coordination (BSC), 97
British Tabulating Machine Company, 80
Broadway (MI6 HQ) see MI6
Brokdorf, Countess Erika von, 242
Brooke, Gen. Sir Alan, 91, 93, 201–2, 422, 545, 554
Brooke-Popham, Air-Marshal Sir Robert, 54, 137
Brotherhood, Lt. Francis, 164
Brousse, Charles Emmanuel, 466
Browder, Earl, 357, 371, 379
Brown, Tommy, 89
Browning, Lt. Gen. Frederick (‘Boy’), 513
Bruce, David, 297
Bruneval see Saint-Bruneval
‘Bruno, Station’ (Château de Vignobles, France), 47–8
BRUSA (British-US intelligence agreement), 404
Bryn, Wilma, 211
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 352
Buccleuch, John Scott, 9th Duke of, 17
Buchan, John, 9
Buchanan-Dineen, Grace, 465–6
Budiansky, Stephen, xxv, 77
Bulge, Battle of the see Ardennes
Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’Action militaire (BCRA), 274–5
Burgess Guy, 350–1, 356, 359, 361, 367, 543
‘Burglar, Group’, 526
Burklein, Col. Willi, 501
Burma: campaign, 509–10, 512; SOE in, 515–16; uncooperative locals, 515–16
Burma Road, 112
Buro Ha (Switzerland), 110
Byalik (Soviet partisan), 321
Bystroletov, Dmitri, 175
Bystroletova, Shelmatova, 175
Cabo de Buena Esperanza (Spanish liner), 339
Cabo de Hornos (Spanish liner), 339
Caddick-Adams, Peter, 500
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 16, 45, 49, 54, 209, 264, 356, 463
Caen, Normandy, 490
Cairncross, John, 351, 354–5, 524, 530
Cairo: SOE in, 278
Calvocoressi, Peter, 403
Cambridge Five (spies), 62, 352, 354–5, 361–2, 365–7
Campini (Italian in Lourenço Marques), 345
Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm: heads Abwehr, 6, 61–2, 65; bids for Moravec’s services, 40; qualities and background, 57, 60–2, 64–5, 67; Trevor-Roper monitors and studies, 57–8, 60, 63–4, 67, 208; supposed opposition to Nazism, 63–4, 223; fall from grace and execution, 67, 471–3, 479–80, 482; Heydrich rebukes, 116; recruits Nelidov, 128; reportedly recruits Dewavrin to Axis cause, 193; failure of ‘Pastorius’, 223; plan to assassinate, 360; differences with Himmler, 361; believes Abwehr producing good information, 464; seeks information in Canada, 466; denied admission to Spain, 469; rivalry with Schellenberg, 474; maintains links with Tokyo, 523
Carpentier, Abbé, 273
Carr, Harry, 11
Carroll, Madeleine, 290–1, 538
Carson, Thelma Stone, 289
Casanove, Bigault de (‘Calvert’), 491
Casey, William, 538
Caucasus: campaign in, 178, 187, 225–6
Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor (‘Bill’): chairs JIC, 53, 200–1, 232; on Churchill and intelligence, 200; marriage breakdown, 202; on Morton, 207; on Menzies, 209; opposes rousing civilian population in Europe, 261; praises SOE, 272; opposes assassination, 342; declines succeeding Menzies, 394; and Bazna in Turkey, 462; and double agents, 468; criticises MI6, 537
Cecil, Robert, 5, 357, 360, 394
Ceramic (liner), 218
Cetniks (Yugoslavia), 268
Chaffault, du (French Abwewhr agent), 465
Chamberlain, Neville: appeasement policy, 15–16
Chambers, Whittaker, 376
Chanel, Coco, 478
‘Channel Dash’, 196–9, 221
Chapman, Eddie (‘Agent ZigZag’), xviii–xix, 231, 431
Chapman, Frederick Spencer, 513
Charteris, Brigadier John, 17
Chauveau, Charles, 2523
Chekhova, Olga, 176
Chennault, Gen. Claire, 509
Cherwell, Frederick Lindemann, Viscount, 43, 208, 350, 361–2, 425, 429–30
‘Chess-Player’, 532
Chevalier, Haakon, 526
Chiang Kai-shek: counter-intelligence service, 5; and Dolan-Tolstoy mission, 293; OSS requests shotguns for, 297; Japanese read cipher traffic, 517
Chicago Tribune, 368
Chidson, Major Monty, 52
Chiffrierabteilung (OKW/Chi; German code-breaking body), 6, 93, 447–52, 458–60
China: Sorge in, 32–3; proposed peace treaty with Japan, 111; war with Japan, 112, 141; Japanese intelligence work in, 141; Donovan claims responsibility for, 517; Japanese preoccupation with, 518
Churchill, Randolph, 478
Churchill, (Sir) Winston: anger at unwelcome views, xxi; discounts single contributions to victory, xxvi; Morton passes information to, 13; recommends Godfrey to succeed Sinclair, 17; trust in R.V. Jones, 43; opposes negotiations with Germany, 45; scepticism over German invasion, 54; values Ultra, 70, 85; telephone conversations with Roosevelt, 72; ‘Action This Day’ message to Bletchley, 86; broadcast on murder of Jews, 93; aims to draw USA into war, 96; relations with Roosevelt, 99; allows US access to Bletchley Park, 100; antipathy to Bolshevik revolution, 103, 123; Stalin mistrusts, 103–4, 126–7; and ‘Lucy’ Ring, 110; warns Stalin of German invasion threat, 125, 132, 351; on strategic position in Asia, 137, 139; memorandum to Japanese foreign minister on war prospects, 152–3; encourages armed revolt in France, 174; questions Auchinleck over Ultra messages, 196; use and misuse of intelligence, 200, 209, 555; on JIC planners, 202; kinship with Charles Drake, 206–7; promotes raids and Resistance, 260; and creation of SOE, 264; encourages SOE and Resistance action, 267, 279, 305, 489; supports Tito, 295; and post-war plans, 299; supreme authroity in Britain, 304; on ‘Grand Alliance’, 349; prevents intel
ligence operations against Russians, 352, 364, 405; caution over Second Front, 363; and passing information to USSR, 367; reads Ōshima’s dispatches, 396; deplores frivolous codenames, 433–5; informs Roosevelt of Turkish agent, 461; on post-invasion strategy, 484; uses Ultra information to win arguments, 488; wariness about end of war, 497; policy on Indochina, 517; and effect of atomic bomb, 527; Bohr urges to share atomic secrets with Russia, 528
Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 195, 397
‘Cicero’ see Bazna, Elyesa
Ciliax, Vice Admiral Otto, 197–200
ciphers: use and breaking, 7–8, 70; codes broken at Bletchley Park, 70–1
City of Baghdad, SS, 136
Claire, Paul, 342–3
Clark, Gen. Mark, 411
Clarke, Col. Carter, 404
Clarke, Col. Dudley, xxii
Clausen, Anna, 37, 111, 183
Clausen, Max, 37, 39, 111–12, 179, 181–2
Clegg, Hugh, 100
Clemens (in Berlin), 28
Cline, Walter, 292–3
Clissman, Helmut, 336
Clive, Nigel, 268, 272, 278, 280, 390–1, 536
Clören, Hauptmann, 491
Cockburn, Claud, 350
Cocteau, Jean, 262
codes see ciphers
Coe, Fran, 380
Coenegrachts, Betsy (née Stratemans), 492
Colby, William, 538
Cole, Sergeant Harold, 273
Colefax, Sibyl, Lady, 363
Colin, David, 295
Collins, Richard, 500
Colombo (Ceylon), 505, 511
‘Colossus’ (computer), 415–16
‘Colossus’, Operation, 260
Colpoys, Cmdr Geoffrey, 53
Colville, Sir John (‘Jock’), 354
COM 14 see ‘Hypo, Station’
Comintern, 17–18, 20, 372
communism: appeal, 19–20, 352–4, 385, 553
Confrérie Notre-Dame, 274
Connolly, Cyril, 62
Constantini, Francesco, 5
convoys: control of, 216–17; German knowledge of, 219; losses, 220
Coon, Carleton, 291
Coppi, Hans, 243
Coppi, Hilda, 243, 246–7
Coral Sea, Battle of the (1942), 167
Cot, Pierre, 385
Cotton, Sidney, 3
Coughlin, Col. John, 515
Cowgill, Felix, 60, 207–8, 440, 442
Cox, Flight-Sergeant Charles, 256, 258–60
Cox, James, 149
Cradock, Percy, 200
Crete: Germans invade (May 1941), 84; German general kidnapped, 267; British signals decrypted by Germans, 453
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 106, 125–6, 129–30, 439
Cromwell, Cmdr John, 507
Crossbow group (earlier ‘Bodyline’ committee), 421–3, 428, 430
Crow, Richard, 284
Crum, Michael, 412
Cruwell, Gen. Ludwig, 421
Culliford, Flt Lt. Guy, 427–8
Cunningham, Admiral Sir Andrew, 84, 195–6
Currie, Lauchlin, 382
Curtis, James O., 500
cyber-warfare, 557
Czechoslovakia: intelligence service, 1–2; threatened by Hitler, 11, 15; annexed by Germany, 40; agents in London, 50, 55–6
D-Day (1944): deception plan, 228, 286, 402, 484–5; date, 483; success, 486; see also Normandy invasion
D-Dienst, 219
Dakar, 203
Dalai Lama, 293
Dalton, Hugh, 207, 261
Daly, Mrs (Irish governess), 336
Damaskin, Igor, 228
Dansey, Claude: heads MI6’s Z Section, 10; as Menzies’ deputy, 17; relations with drafted staff, 207; message from Boyle on SOE codenames, 269; declines to save captured agents, 277; anti-Americanism and hostility to OSS, 287; believes Kolbe a double agent, 309; narrow attitude, 393
Darlan, Admiral François, 291
Davies, Tommy, 52
Davis, Elmer, 287
Deakin, Major William, 97, 278
deception techniques and operations: xxii–xxiii, 193, 483, 502, 553; see also ‘Fortitude’, Operation; ‘Mincemeat’ deception; ‘Monastery’, Operation
Deery, Anthony, 336–7
de Grey, Nigel, 86, 90, 208, 412
Dekanozov, Vladimir, 105, 132
Delattre, Robert (‘Bob’), 255
Delhi, 505, 511
Delidaise family (of Paris), 439
Delidaise, Liliane (Lucie Beucherie), 439–41, 445
Delidaise, Richard (Émile Rivière), 437, 439–41
Delius, Dr Wagner, 2332
Demyanov, Alexander (‘Max’; ‘Heine’), xxiii, 229–36, 456, 542, 553
Dening, Esler, 510, 513
Denning, Cmdr Norman, 216
Denniston, Cmdr Alastair: in Great War, 9; meets Polish codebreakers, 12; acquaintance with Polish cryptanalysts, 48; and RSS’s cracking of Abwehr hand-cipher, 59; moves to Bletchley Park, 73; interviews Bletchley Park staff, 74; complaints from Knox, 76; pessimism over breaking Enigma, 82; relegated to London role, 88; on importance of Ultra, 101; and Turing, 546
Despres, Emile, 301
Deutsch, Arnold, 354, 359, 362, 370, 375
Deuxième Bureau (France’s intelligence service), 7
de Valera, Eamon, 330, 332, 336
Devonshire, HMS, 140
Dewavrin, André (‘Col. Passy’), 193, 264, 274–5
Dickey, Marvin, 211
Dickinson, Lee, 144
Dickinson, Velvalee, 144
Dickson, Col. ‘Monk’, 500
Dickstein, Samuel, 376
Dieppe: raid (1942), 260, 454
Dincklage, Hans-Gunther von, 478
Dirksen, Herbert von, 33, 33–4, 38
Dodd, Martha, 374–5
Dodd, William, 375
Doihara, Gen. Kenji, 141
Dolan, Brooke, 293
Dollis Hill, 414–16
Dönhoff, Graf Christopher von, 445
Dönitz, Admiral Karl: on Canaris, 61; introduces fourth rotor into U-boats’ Enigma, 88, 94, 454; U-boat campaign, 93, 213, 218; suspects signals being monitored, 94, 220–1; values intelligence, 218; lacks U-boat numbers, 221; communications weaknesses, 222; U-boat types, 401
Donovan, Maj. Gen. William (‘Wild Bill’): agreement with NKVD, xvii; activities, xxiv, 284, 295–6; background and character, 97–8, 304, 395; Stephenson’s relations with, 97–8; Godfrey on, 157; directs OSS, 283–4, 287, 293, 303–4; advice from Cavendish-Bentinck, 286; style, 288, 295, 298; and Research & Analysis division, 299; on German supply difficulties, 301; knows of OSS communists, 378; on British aims to recover S.E. Asia, 514–15; claims China as area of responsibility, 517; offers to cooperate with Russians after war, 537; unpopularity, 538; death, 546
Döring (code-breaker), 452
Double Cross system, 271, 286, 553
Double Playfair (filed cipher system), 7
Douglas, Albrecht Archibald, 464
Douglas, Countess Freda, 464
Downes, Donald, 297
Drake, Charles, 206–7
Driscoll, Agnes Meyer, 158–9
Dübendorfer, Rachel (‘Cissie), 24, 109, 252, 542
Duchessa d’Aosta (Italian liner), 266–7
Dufours (imrisoned Frenchman), 275
Duggan, Laurence, 372, 374, 381
Duke, Col. Florimond, 294
Dulles, Allen: receives information from Berlin, xxiv, 114, 202; disapproves of Vermehren defections in Turkey, 73; Frenay sells intelligence to, 276; reputation as master spy, 305–6, 314–15; in Switzerland, 306–9, 340, 377, 477; on prospects of post-war Europe, 307; reports, 307–13; meets Kolbe, 309; on German opposition to Hitler, 311–13; gathers international information, 312; arranges surrender terms with Wolff in Italy, 315; on partisans in Russia, 325; on Peenemünde, 423; informs Washington of ‘Cicero’ leak, 462; effect of information in USA, 548
Dulles, Clover, 306
Dumont, Roger (‘Pol’), 254–5
Dunderdale, W
ilfred (‘Biffy), 47, 341
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), 515–16
Dyer, Lt. Cmdr Thomas, 160, 164, 166–7
Dyson, Freeman, 212
Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 371
Earhardt, Karl, 344
East Solomons, Battle of the, 504
Eddy, Col. William A., 296
Eden, Anthony, 209, 261
Eggen, Stürmbannführer Hans, 340, 475–6
Eichmann, Adolf, 300
Einstein, Albert, 526
Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight D., 402, 409, 497, 498–9, 503, 537
Eitingon, Leonid, 133, 456
electronic circuitry, 414
electronic surveillance, 559
Elliott, Nicholas, 471
Ellis, Dick, 96
Emig, Marianne, 3
England, USS, 508
English Patient, The (film), 63
Enigma: British use of, xxi; Poles aim to crack, 8, 12–13; Bletchley Park struggles with, 47; Poles first decrypt, 48; Germans unaware of Allied progress on, 56; Germans believe immune to decipherment, 72, 93, 551; gradual breaking, 72; naval, 82; Japanese neglect, 145; Wehrmacht traffic presents difficulties, 411, 413; decrypts following Allied invasion, 487; army operates, 490; Luftwaffe introduces new reflector (UmkehrwalzeD; ‘Uncle Dick’), 503
‘Enormoz’ (Russian atomic energy penetration programme), 529, 531, 533
‘Eric’ (British communist physicist), 530
Ericsson (Swedish company), 413
Erskine, Ralph, 83
Esmond, Lt. Cmdr Edward, VC, 198
Esperance, Cape, Battle of (October 1942), 95
Estonia: welcomes German invaders, 317; Seth and, 431–3, 437, 446
Evan, First Officer Peter, 136
Ewan, William, 135–6
Fabian, Cmdr Rudy, 511
Fairburn, Captain, 264
Falaise Gap, 490, 497
Falk, Peter, 467–8
Falkenhausen, Gen. Alexander Ernst, Freiherr von, 311
Fansler, Priscilla, 376
Far East Combined Bureau, 216
Fasson, Lt. Tony, 89–90
