by Max Hastings
Mordinov, Col. Georgy, 177
Morell, Francis, 414
Morgan, Charles, 213
Morgeli, Ernst, 475
Morgenthau, Henry, 300, 380, 384
Morozova, Anna, 494
Morris, Christopher, 78
Morrison, Herbert, 422, 427–8
Morros, Boris, 375, 382
Morse, Chandler, 291
Mortain counterattack (Normandy, 1944), 490
Morton, Major Desmond, 13, 96, 207–8, 288
Morton, Joe, 294
Mosquera, Jorge, 467
Moss, Malcolm, 211
Moulin, Jean, 276
Mounsey, Sir George, 14–15
Mount Lavinia, Ceylon, 514
Mount Vernon Academy, Virginia, 505
Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis, 509–11
Mountbatten, Lt. Philip, 331
Mouquet, Geneviève (‘Girot’), 492
Moyzich, Ludwig, 461
Mozambique, 345–6
Mueller, Anna, 251
Muggeridge, Malcolm, xvii–xviii, 55, 287, 341, 345–6, 360, 393–4
Müller, Gen. Friedrich, 268
Muller, Heinrich, 248, 539
Muller, Siegfried, 115
München (German ship), 82
Munich crisis (1938), 15, 40
Murphy, Robert, 291, 296
Musa, Jean, 466
Musashi (Japanese battleship), 148
Muslims: Japanese attempt to suborn, 520
Mussolini, Benito, 8
Musy, Jean-Marie, 481
Nachrichtenarmaufklärung (voice interception service), 457
Nagano School (Japanese intelligence training centre), 148
Nagato (Japanese battleship), 148
Nagel, Maj.-Gen., 323
Nagumo, Vice Admiral Chuichi, 171
Nakajima, Lt. Cmdr Minato, 155
Nakazawa, Captain Tasuku, 150
Nankin (Australian freighter), 94
National Cash Register (company), 407
National Council of Soviet–American Friendship (USA), 369
National Maritime Union (USA), 369
National Security Agency (USA), 546
Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939), xvii, 11, 26, 103–4, 111, 114, 118, 354, 373, 386
Nelidov, Captain Aleksandr, 127–8, 133–4
Nelson, Sir Frank, 264
Nelson, Steve (born Stefan Mesarosh), 526
Netherlands: and Venlo incident, 44, 46; German plans to attack, 49; SOE agents captured (1942), 269–72; agents captured, 390; Allied airborne landing (September 1944), 498
Neumann, Franz, 299–300, 377
neutral countries: secret operations in, 338, 341; see also Portugal; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey
New Guinea, 508, 519
New Hebrides islands, 504
New York: as MI6’s out-station, 97
Newill, Lt. Cmdr Joseph, 10
Newman, Max, 413–14, 416, 545
Nikolsky (Soviet intelligence officer), 494
Nimitz, Admiral Chester, 165–8, 170–1, 173, 504–6, 508, 551–2
Nissen, Christian, 336
NKVD (Soviet intelligence organisation): Beria controls, 18; Fourth Department, 19, 117; penetrates French Foreign Office, 20; purged, 20–1; pre-war operations in Germany, 28–9; reports potential German invasion of USSR, 103, 121; informants in London, 104–5, 362–3; communications weaknesses, 121; ‘Administration for Special Tasks’, 174; organises stay-behind espionage groups during German advance, 177–8; identifies collaborators, 229; agents in Germany, 252; briefed by OSS staff, 296; attached to partisan groups, 317, 319, 326, 328; recruits British sympathisers, 354; in USA, 369–78, 380, 383; denies cooperation with USA, 384–5; in Harbin, 522; learns atomic bomb secrets, 524–5, 527–8, 530–1; scientists fear, 529; seizes OSS men in Manchuria, 537; executions at Stalingrad, 538; deception operations, 553; see also ‘Red Orchestra’
Nomonhan (Russo–Japanese clashes), 110, 142
Nomura, Kichisaburō, 386–7
Norden bombsight, 4
Norman, Montagu, 74
Normandy invasion (1944): unaffected by V-1 attacks, 426; location and date, 483–4; special operations and Resistance contributions, 488
North Africa: British campaign in, 55; German intelligence gains, 66, 550; British eavesdropping on Italians, 82; British intelligence in, 85, 408–10; German successes in, 126; German intelligence decline, 454–5; see also Torch landings
‘North Pole’, Operation, 271
Norton, Sarah, 78
Norway: Germans invade, 50; Resistance in, 273, 276; Reed-Olsen in, 388–9; campaign, 547
Norwood, Melita, 352, 529–30
Noskwith, Rolf, 90
Novopasakenny, Peter, 449
Nutting, Air Commodore Charles William, 75
Obed, Henry, 335
Odessa, 320–2
O’Donovan, Jim, 331–3
O’Duffy, Eoin, 331, 336
Office of Strategic Services (OSS): political interference, 192–4, 298; created, 260; in Italy, 281; criticised, 283, 298; established, 283–4; role, 286; extravagance and behaviour, 287–90, 295–7; numbers employed, 287; recruitment and staffing, 288–9; operations, 291–3, 298; mistrust of British counterparts, 292; members captured and killed, 293–4; NKVD agent on, 303; reports circulated, 303; assessed, 304–5; in Switzerland, 306; passes information to USSR, 386; agents dropped to assist Normandy invasion, 488; in Asia, 514; divides globe with SOE, 516; influence in Washington, 517; demise, 538; effectiveness, 557; see also Research & Analysis division
Ohletz, Col. (of RSHA), 523
Oka, Lt. Cmdr Arata, 143–4
Okada, Lt. Col. Yoshimasa, 139
Okamoto, Gen. Kiyotomi, 399
OKH/GdNA (German radio intelligence), 6, 559
Okinawa, 506
Oksana (Ukrainian girl), 178
OKW/Chi see Chiffrierabteilung
Ole Jacob (ship), 138
Olenhorst (Gestapo member), 243
Omaha Beach, Normandy, 486
‘one-time pad’, 7
Onodera, Col. Makoto, 341, 467, 523
Op-20-G see United States Navy
Oppenheim, E. Phillips: suicide, 5
Oppenheimer, Kitty, 526
Oppenheimer, Robert, 371, 525–7, 531–2
Oprecht, Emil, 307
Oradour-sur-Glane (France), 322
O’Reilly, John Francis, 337–8
Orlov, Alexander, 362
Ōshima, Baron Hiroshi, 151, 184, 365, 386, 396–403, 425, 498–9, 549
‘Oslo Report’, 42–4, 421
Oster, Col. Hans, 48, 110, 473
Ott, Lt. Col. Eugen, 33–5, 38, 111, 113, 179–81
Ott, Helma, 33
‘Overlord’, Operation, 426, 462, 463, 484; see also Normandy invasion
Ozaki, Hotsumi, 32, 34, 38, 111, 179–82
Pakenham, Francis Aungier, 208
Palembang, 154
Pannwitz, Heinz, 249–50, 539
Panyushkin, A.S., 120
Pao Hsien Chu (‘Polo’), 24
Papen, Franz von, 342
Pardon, Hauptmann, 494
Parke, Lt. Col. Richard, 538
Parks, Lt. Ed, 406
partisans see guerrilla campaigns and partisans
Pas de Calais: Germans expects Allied landings in, 400–2, 484–5
Pashke, Adolf, 448
‘Pastrius’, Operation (1942), 223
Pataki, Ferenz (‘Ian’), 252
Patch, Gen. Alexander, 487
Patti, Captain Archimedes, 293
Patton, Gen. George S.: masquerades as commander of fictitious force, xxi; army’s poor radio discipline, 487; in north-west Europe, 497
Paul, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, 106
Paulton, Ted, 419–20
Paulus, Gen. Friedrich, 228, 238, 301
Peacocke, Lt., RN, 149
Pearl Harbor: attacked, 155–6, 164–5, 547; intelligence operations, 505–6
Peck, George, 295
Peenemünde, 420–4, 426, 430
Penelope, HMS, 195
Penkovsky, Col. Oleg, 550
Pepyli (Turkish police president), 479
Perlo, Victor, 381
Perskaya, Elena (later Kozo), 184–6
Perskaya, Elizaveta, 184–5
‘Peter’ (agent), 493
Peter, Hans (‘Romeo’), 250
Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 106
Petersen, Neal, 307, 315
Petito, John, 500
Petrie, Sir David, 207, 273
Pfaus, Oscar, 331, 333
Philby, Harold (’Kim’): as traitor, xviii, 245, 358–61, 364, 367, 538; employed by MI6, 55, 351, 367; character and qualities, 183, 360–1; forwards Japanese message to Moscow, 184; sends material to Muggeridge, 345; on Deutsch, 354; background and career, 359; and Maasing, 364–5; appointed head of MI6’s anti-communist espionage section, 365–6; Russians suspect, 365; death and funeral, 366; responds to Trevor-Roper, 366; reports on Elizabeth Bentley, 385; on failed SOE attack on Rjukan, 528; and Alexander Foote, 542
Philby, St John, 359
Phillips, Admiral Tom, 216
Phillips, William, 291
Pieck, Wilhelm, 131
Pieckenbrock, Col. Hans, 62
Pierls, Rudolf, 525
‘Pike’ (unbroken Enigma key), 416
Pillenwerfer (U-boat bubble-ejection technique), 215
Piolot, Bernard, 492
Pipe, Harry, 247
Plage, Hauptmann, 523
Platt, George, 298
Plomer, William, 213
Poland: aims to crack Enigma, 8, 12–13; threatened by Hitler, 11; French and British guarantee to, 12; German invasion, 41; exile government in London, 55; V-2 rocket parts retrieved from, 427–8
Pölchau, Pastor Harald, 247
Poles: break codes at France’s Station Bruno, 75
Political Warfare Executive (British), 260
Pontecorvo, Bruno, 526, 535
Pope-Hennessy, John, 208
Port Moresby, Papua-New Guinea, 167–8, 172
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles, xxvi, 85, 201, 210
Portugal: neutral status, 341
‘Postmaster’, Operation, 267
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley, 197, 205
Powell, Enoch, 69
Powell, Major Lewis, 549
Poyntz, Juliet, 373
PQ17 (Arctic convoy), 205, 214, 216
Prague: Gourevitch visits, 191
Praun, Lt. Gen. Albert, xv, xx, 72, 453, 455, 457, 486, 502
Pravdin, Vladimir, 383
Preetz, Willy, 335
Price, Mary Wolfe, 378
Prince of Wales, HMS (battleship), 197, 216
Prins Albert (assault ship), 257, 259
Prinz Eugen (German cruiser), 197
prisoners of war: interrogated for information, 50–2
Procida (German freighter), 196
Pryce-Jones, Alan, 69
Prytz, Bjorn, 126
Punter, Otto, 24
Putin, Vladimir, 539, 559
Putlitz, Wolfgang Ganz Edler zu, 11
Quebec: Churchill–Roosevelt meeting (1943), 311
Quigley, Clothilde, 201
Rabaul, 166
radio: technological development, 7
Radó, Alexander (‘Dora’), 24, 107–9, 116, 187–9, 250–1, 306, 541
Radziwiłł, Prince Janusz, 176
Raeder, Erich, 61
Ramsay, Admiral Sir Bertram, 497
Ratmirov, Bishop Vasily, 237–8
Ravensbrück : prisoners spared, 481
Red Army: effectiveness in Far East, 110, 142; knowledge before Barbarossa, 128–9, 130; purged, 174; loses contact with Moscow, 189; codes, 224; strength, 224; offensive and advance, 227, 455; radio discipline, 455; attacks Manchuria, 522; intelligence successes, 552
‘Red Orchestra’ (Rote Kapelle; Soviet agents in Germany): composition, xxiv, 21, 26–7, 114, 193, 235, 252; achievements, 62, 548; warns of German invasion of USSR, 114, 116, 117–20; Germans pick up signals, 193; passes information to Russia, 193–4; escapes detection, 223; Germans break, 241–7
Redman, John, 505
Redman, Cmdr Joseph, 165, 169, 505
Reed-Olsen, Oluf, 273, 276–7, 388–90, 536; Two Eggs on My Plate, 536
Rees, Goronwy, 361
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA; German security machine), 6, 61, 244
Reilly, Patrick, 60, 393–4
Reinberger (Belgian officer), 48
Reiss, Ignatz, 373, 375
Rejewski, Marian, 12
‘Rémy, Col.’ see Renault, Gilbert, 254
Renault, Gilbert (‘Col. Rémy’), 159, 254, 257, 274
Repulse, HMS, 197, 216
Research & Analysis Division (R&A; USA), 299–303, 395, 514, 538
Resistance: in France, 254, 262–3, 274; effects, 260–1; development, 262–3; lack of arms, 263; post-war effects, 272; dangers, 276–7; contribution to Normandy invasion, 488–9
Revoi, Andrew, 356
Ribbentrop, Joachim von: rewards Sorge’s work in Tokyo, 38; on Oreste Berlings, 120; message from Matsuoka, 396; and invasion of Russia, 397; relations with Ōshima, 398–400, 402; cryptographic service (Pers ZS), 448; advocates sending propaganda team to USA, 479
Richert, Arvid, 474
Ridderhof (Dutch informer), 269
Rivet, Col. Louis, 48
Rivière, Émile see Delidaise, Richard
Rjukan heavy water plant, Norway, 279, 528
Robertson, Lt. Col. Tom (‘Tar’), 207, 440, 444, 485
Robilant, Edmond di, 340
Robinson, Geroid, 302
Robinson (machine), 414–15
Rochefort, Joseph, 157–70, 172–3, 504–5
rockets: Germans develop, 421–3
Rogge, Bernhard, 136–8, 140
Romania: Germany invades, 103, 118; and Soviet partisans, 321–2
Rome: US embassy codebook penetrated, 66
Rommel, Gen. Erwin: and British POWs’ giving information, 50; campaign in North Africa, 64, 85; given Japanese samurai sword, 140; supply lines attacked, 214; assassination plot fails, 292; Bletchley warns of attack, 408; at Kasserine Pass, 410; knowledge of British deployments, 453, 550; loses access to enemy signals traffic, 454; military weakness, 454; mistimes Allied invasion, 483
Rönne, Col. Alexis von, 483, 501
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: telephone conversations with Churchill, 72; relations with Donovan, 98; relations with Churchill, 99; detachment from operational matters, 206; Donovan’s promise to on OSS activities, 287; respect for Russian allies, 370; trust in USSR, 377; reads Ōshima’s dispatches, 396; message to Stalin reporting no Japanese attack on USSR, 398; informed of Turkish agent, 462; and post-invasion strategy, 484; letter from Einstein on nuclear energy, 526; and effect of atomic bomb, 527; Bohr urges to share atomic secrets with Russia, 528
Ropp, Baron William de, 10
Rorie, Tex, 160
Rosenberg, Julius, 379, 533–4
Rössler, Rudolf (‘Lucy’; ‘Lutzi’; R.A. Hermes), 109–10, 187–9, 252, 306, 542
Rosso, Augusto, 104
Rostow, Walt, 291
Rothkirch, Baroness von, 479
Rothschild family, 74
Rothschild, Victor, 359
Rousseau, Robert (‘Rodolphe’), 466
Rowlett, Frank: helps break Japanese code, 5, 156, 165
Royal Air Force, 210–12
Royal Navy: ciphers found by Germans, 66; captures Enigma material, 82; Naval Intelligence Division, 212–13, 215, 222; use of intelligence, 215–16; changes ciphers, 221; lapses and errors, 221–2
RSHA see Reichssicherheitshauptamt
RSS see MI6: Radio Security Service
‘Rubble’, Operation, 266
Ruben (NKVD illegal in Berlin), 28
Rudchenko (Soviet partisan commander), 320
Rundstedt, Gen. Gerd von, 471
Russell, Sean, 333, 335
Rutland,
Cmdr Fred, 143
Ruzek, Col., 93
Ryan, Frank, 335
Rybkin, ‘Kin’, 241, 344–5
Rybkina, Zoya, 22, 128, 130–4, 177, 186, 237, 241, 344, 527
Ryle, Gilbert, 60
Saarne, Martin, 435, 438
Safford, Lt. Laurance, 99, 158–60, 165, 285
Saint-Brunéval, Normandy, 254–9
Saito, Harutsugu, 111
Sakimura (Japanese in Madrid), 344
Salazar, António de Oliveira, 292, 348
Salerno, 547
Salgado, Plínio, 478
Salinger, Hermann (‘Dozen’), 252
Salmon (US submarine), 507
Samejima, Cmdr Monotono, 154
Sandys, Duncan, 422, 424–5, 428
Santa Cruz, Battle of (November 1942), 95
Saratoga, USS (carrier), 522
Sas, Major Gijsbert, 48
Sato, Maj. Gen. Kenryo, 519
Saunders, Hilary, 213
Savo, Battle of (1942), 504
Schacht, Hjalmar, 64
Schaefer, Max, 305
Scharnhorst (German heavy cruiser), 196–7, 199, 221, 257
Scheldt estuary, 497
Schellenberg, Irene (née Grosse-Schönepauck), 473
Schellenberg, Walter: intelligence activities, 8; in Venlo incident, 44–6; checks on Sorge, 112; reprimanded by Himmler, 182; forms partisan unit, 305; and Dulles, 307; qualities, 395, 473, 480, 482; dismisses Göring’s Forschungsamt, 450; and fall of Canaris, 472; career, 473–4, 477–9; rivalry with Canaris, 474; in Switzerland, 474–7, 481; negotiates with Masson, 475–6; advocates sending propaganda team to USA, 479; proposes Germany negotiate peace with Western Allies, 479; succeeds Canaris as head of Abwehr, 480–1; flies to Sweden, 482; hosts Japanese party, 523; Trevor-Roper interrogates, 544
Scherhorn, Lt. Col. Heinrich, 456–7
Schienke, Marie-Luise, 544
Schlesinger, Arthur, 209, 287, 304, 374, 377–8, 386, 538, 545
Schmeling, Max, 177
Schmidt, Hans-Thilo (‘Asché’), 8, 275–6
Schneider, Dr Christian (‘Taylor’), 188
Schnorkel (U-boat breathing device), 401
Schol, Lt. Col. (German military attaché in Bangkock), 113
Schoonmaker, Frank, 297
Schotmüller, Oda, 242
Schröder, George, 93
Schubert, Lt., 451
Schulenberg, Friedrich von der, 104, 126, 130
Schultze, Johann, 452
Schulze, Kurt, 191–2
Schulze-Boysen, Harro (‘Corporal’): character, 29; as Russian agent in Berlin, 29, 31, 114, 119, 247, 548; activities in ‘Red Orchestra’, 114, 116, 119, 121, 189, 242; warns Russia of impending German attack, 122; Gourevitch contacts in Berlin, 191–3, 248–9; exposed, 194, 244; Rybkina sends message to, 241; hanged, 246
