on Atticus, 147–148
Atticus as embodiment of spirit and philosophy of South and, 152
Atticus’s racist views as common part of American political discourse at the time and, 97
Boswell Amendment and, 54–55, 56
Brown decision and, 87
Capote and, 31–32, 60, 119–120
as caregiver to A. C. Lee, 74
“The Cat’s Meow,” xv
as celebrity, 130
childhood of, 31–33
choice of Atticus Finch as name of character and, xiv
choice of name for, 33
choice of star to play Atticus and, 128–129
Clutter family murder and, 119–120
as college student, 33–34, 47–51, 49 (photo)
college writings/publications of, 48, 49, 51, 54–55, 57, 61
as conservative or liberal, 59–61
“Cotton Tom” Heflin and, 103
death of mother and brother of, 61–63
development as writer and, 122–123
as editor-in-chief of college newspaper, 48
education of, 33
efforts to rewrite Watchman by, 176–177, 177–178
Faulkner’s influence on, 93–95
financial backing for, xiii–xiv, xx, 74, 75, 81, 150
first pieces of writing of, 33–34
first published writings following WWII of, xviii
Freedom Riders and, 131–132
Grady O’Hanlon character in Watchman and, 143
income from To Kill a Mockingbird and, 183
influences on fiction of, xvii
as inspiration for Idabel in Other Voices, Other Rooms, 32
as inspiration for Jean Louise/Scout, 31
interviews and, 176–177
“The Jackassonian Democrat,” 57
Jeffersonianism and, 90
in law school, 58, 60
liberal atmosphere on campus and, 143
on living in New York, 60, 183–184
on loss of small town southern life, 177–178
loyalty to A. C. Lee by, 64
militant segregationists and, 161–162
mother of, 5
“My Dear Young Man” letter, 59
NAACP and, 112
new sources to assess fiction of, xvii–xviii
“Nightmare,” 34
“Now Is the Time for All Good Men: A One-Act Play,” 54–55
personality of, 58, 148
physical appearance of, 58, 59
political and racial themes and, 33–34
Pulitzer Prize and, 130, 182
racism and hypocrisy in To Kill A Mockingbird and, 112–113
red scare and, 58–59
relationship between sisters and, 63, 73
in role of iconoclast, 60
royalties and taxes and, 183
school segregation and, 116
screenplay and, 134–135
on segregationists and Ku Klux Klan, 176
short feature for Esquire by, 176
short stories of, xiii, xv, 33–34, 102, 105
siblings of, 5
“Snow on the Mountain,” xv
on southerners as natural storytellers, 177
storytelling talent of, 102
study program at Oxford and, 60
support for Atticus by, 77
trepidation at publicity events and, 148–150
tribalism of white southerners and, 177, 178
trilogy idea and, 175–176
on Rev. Whatley, 68–69
White Citizens’ Council and, 81–82, 83
“A Wink at Justice,” 34
on writers who had “embarrassed” the South, 116
yearbook photo of, 49 (photo)
See also under Go Set a Watchman, To Kill a Mockingbird
Lee, Louise (sister) (Frances Louise Lee Conner), 5, 32, 33, 63, 73
Lee, Molly (niece), 62, 62 (photo)
Lee, Nelle Harper. See Lee, Harper
Lee, Robert E., 4
Lee, Sara Ann (sister-in-law), 62
Lee, Theodosia Windham (paternal grandmother), 6–7
Leibowitz, Samuel, 18
Lemmon, Jack, 155
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), xix, 115, 164–170
ambivalence about white southerners in, 166
appeals to white moderates in, 166–167, 171
condemnation of white church in, 168
condemnation of white moderates in, 165–166, 168, 181
flattery and praise for white southerners in, 167
as philosophical or political tract intended to persuade, 168
as sermon written to redeem, 168–170
“Letter to the North” (W. Faulkner), 95
Levison, Stanley, 170
Lewis, John, 130
liberalism, 51–52, 64–69, 91, 141
Jefferson’s definition of, 90
or conservatism, H. Lee and, 59–61
speakers at University of Alabama and, 50–51
Liberty League, 43
Life magazine, 95
Lincoln, Abraham, 18, 136, 171
Gettysburg Address, 164
Lindbergh, Charles, 28
Lippmann, Walter, 37
Little Rock crisis of 1957, 109
Long, Huey, 9, 20–22, 24, 28, 36, 44
assassination of, 21–22
“The Long Goodbye” (H. Lee), xv, 101, 106
Loren, Sophia, 155
Lovejoy, Elijah, 104
Lucy, Autherine, 75, 76 (photo), 78, 82, 94–95, 132, 178
lynching/lynch mobs/mob violence, 11–12, 12–18, 94, 95, 111–112
anti-lynching law, 16
children and, 118–119
Freedom Riders and, 132
Neal lynching and torture, 13–15, 16, 118
Parker lynching, 111–112
Madison, James, 88–89
Malone, Vivian, 178
Marianna, Florida, 13–15
Marshall, Burke, 160
Marshall, John, 91
massive resistance. See resistance/massive resistance
Mayes, Bill, 51
McCorvey, Gessner, 52, 53
McCue, Carol, 133
McCullers, Carson, 127
McDuffie, Hunter, 24
McGee, Willie, 94
McGill, Ralph, 167–168
McKay, Arch, Jr., 153–154
McMillion, Bonner, xvi
McWhorter, Diane, 154
media, 25
The Member of the Wedding (McCullers), 127
Meredith, James, 181
Methodist Church of Montgomery, 6, 12, 40, 64–69
Methodist General Board of Pensions, 68
Miller, B. M., 7–8, 16–17
Millsap, E. T. “Short,” 22–25, 81–82
minimum wage. See Fair Labor Standards Act
Mitchell, Margaret, xiv
Monroe, Bill, 143–144
Monroe Journal, xvii
A. C. Lee as editor of, xvii, 3–4, 7–9, 42
A. C. Lee’s last issue of, 58
editorial, racial integration of Monroeville Christmas parade and KKK, 120–121, 122
editorials, KKK, 110, 111–112, 120–121, 122
international matters and, 25, 26–27, 30
Neal lynching and, 14
“Negro News” column, 18–19
racism of, 18–19
sale of, 57–58, 107
Scottsboro case and, 17
Sheffield case and, 10–11
Vanity Fair Corporation and, 38–39
White Citizens’ Council and, 82, 83
white supremacy and, 19
Monroeville Christmas parade, racial integration of, 120–122
Montgomery Advertiser, 8, 77
Montgomery bus boycott, 67–68, 75, 77, 79, 81, 82. See also racism
Montgomery Home News, 112
moral education of children, 113–119
Morgan, Charles, 159
Mulligan, Robert, 128�
�129, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 144–145, 146 (photo), 147, 150
Mussolini, Benito, 27, 29
“My Dear Young Man” letter (H. Lee), 59
NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Nash, George, 92
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 16, 46–47, 80, 84, 109, 112, 131, 133
National Conference of Christians and Jews, 80
National Guard, 131
National Industrial Recovery Act, 35
National Review, 91, 97
“Why the South Must Prevail,” 92
Neal, Claude, 13–15, 16, 118
Neal lynching, 13–15, 16, 118
Neutrality Acts, 29
New Campus Writing Fellowship, xiv
New Deal, xviii, 9, 20, 34–47, 91, 103, 141
New Republic, 152–153
New School for Social Research in New York, 50
New York Post, 77, 95, 98, 177
New York Times, 77, 79, 86, 133, 159, 160
New Yorker, 153
Newquist, Roy, 177, 183–184
Newsweek, 153, 160
“Nightmare” (H. Lee), 34
“Now Is the Time for All Good Men: A One-Act Play” (H. Lee), 54–55
nullification, 89
Nye, Gerald, 28
Oates, W. C., 4
Obama, Barack, xix
O’Conner, Flannery, 118
Other Voices, Other Rooms (Capote), 32
O’Toole, Peter, 155
Paine, Thomas, 164
Pakula, Alan, 128–129, 134, 135, 140, 141, 145, 147, 149, 149 (photo), 150
parenting, 113–119
Parker, Mack Charles, 111–112
Parker lynching, 111–112
Parks, Rosa, 50
Patterson, Albert, 108
Patterson, John, 108, 109, 122, 131, 141
Pavy, Benjamin, 21–22
Peck, Gregory, xix, 113 (photo), 129, 135–136, 137, 180–181, 180 (photo)
A. C. Lee and, 136
A. C. Lee’s pocket watch and, 155
as Best Actor, 154–155
as founding director of American Film Institute, 150
as Hollywood’s leading liberal, 136
press conference at Cannes Film Festival and, 181
See also under To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
Pepper, Claude, 46, 51, 58
Pickett, Albert James, 4–5
Piersall, Jimmy, 128
political bosses, 20
political corruption, 19–22
political dictatorships, 20–22, 22–25
poll tax, 46, 52
Populist movement, 42
Powell, Adam Clayton, 83
Pritchett, Laurie, 159
Profiles in Courage (J. Kennedy), xiv
Progressive movement, 42
Pulitzer Prize, 130, 182
Pynchon, Thomas, 101–102
racial integration, xviii–xix, 87, 89
of Monroeville Christmas parade, 120–122
See also civil rights; racism
racial liberalism, 115
racial politics, 75–77
and moral education of children, 115–119
racial segregation, 96–99, 110
Freedom Riders and, 130–133
interstate travel and, 130
Southern Manifesto and, 87–89
Wallace’s inauguration speech on, 151–152, 161–162
See also civil rights; desegregation; racial integration; racism; school segregation
racial violence, 80–81
racism, 141
militant, and KKK, 110–113
of Monroe Journal, 18–19
Soviet Union foreign service news programs on US, 181–182
See also Brown v. Board of Education; civil rights; Ku Klux Klan; Montgomery bus boycott; racial integration; racial segregation; resistance/massive resistance; school segregation; White Citizens’ Councils; white rule; white supremacy
radio, 25
Rammer Jammer, 48, 57, 59
Boswell Amendment and, 53–54
Reconstruction, 109–110
red scare, 58–59
religious leaders
open letter critical of Birmingham campaign and, 161–162, 163
Report on Economic Conditions of the South (Roosevelt), 39
“Report to the American People” (J. Kennedy), 172
resistance movement. See resistance/massive resistance
resistance/massive resistance, xviii–xix, 52, 75–77, 89
desegregation and, 77–81, 84
KKK and, 111
White Citizens’ Council and, 75, 77–81, 105
See also racism
Reston, James, 86–87
Richards, John G., 12–13
Richmond News Leader, 4, 88, 153
Rives, Richard T., 55, 56
Rivkin, Allen, 181
Roosevelt, Franklin, 86
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 35–36
civil rights and, 39, 45–46
Civilian Conservation Corps, 35
Fair Employment Practices Committee, 45
Fair Labor Standards Act, 36–39, 41
fireside chats, 35
Huey Long and, 21
National Recovery Act, 35
New Deal, xviii, 9, 20, 34–47, 91, 103, 141
Report on Economic Conditions of the South, 39
restructure of Supreme Court by, 36–37, 42
World War II and, 26, 29
Rusk, Dean, 181
Russell, Richard, 88–89, 97
Rutherford, Marjory, 153
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 148–149, 149 (photo)
School of Theology at Boston University, 67–68
school segregation, 115–119, 162. See also Brown v. Board of Education; desegregation; racial segregation
Schulze, Henry, 145–146
SCLC. See Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Scottsboro trials, 17–18, 45, 94
segregation laws, 81
segregationists, 176
militant, 122, 158, 161–162
Seigenthaler, John, 131
Sheffield, Archie, 10–11, 16–17
Shields, Charles, 68
Shuttlesworth, Fred, 159, 160, 161
Smith, Al, 42
Smith, “Cotton Ed,” 43
Smith, Gerald L. K., 79
Smith, Lillian, 60, 116, 167–168
Smyer, Sid, 132, 133
“Snow on the Mountain” (H. Lee), xv
Southern Agrarians, 91
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 159, 160, 164
Southern Conference for Human Welfare, 39, 46
Southern Historical Association, 94
Southern Manifesto (aka Declaration of Constitutional Principles), 87–89, 95
Soviet Union
foreign service news programs on racism in Birmingham and, 181–182
Sparkman, John, 93
Sparks, Chauncey, 53, 56
Spock, Benjamin, 114
Stalin, Joseph, 28–29
Stallings, Earl, 169
states’ rights, 46, 79, 86
Stevens, George, Jr., 149–150, 149 (photo)
Stewart, Bill, 57–58, 82, 83, 107, 110, 111
Stimson, Henry, 26
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 116, 171
Strange Fruit (L. Smith), 116
Strawberry Pickers, 50
suffrage, 89. See also black suffrage
Supreme Court, 36–37, 42, 85–86, 141
segregation and interstate travel and, 130
segregation laws, 81
white primary and, 45, 52
See also Brown v. Board of Education
Talmadge, Eugene, 36, 51, 89
Talmadge, Herman, 89
Tate, Wyatt, 22
television, 114
Tenth Amendment, 86
Thomas, Evan, xiv–xv
Thomas, Norman, xiv
Thornton, Mills, 107
Thurmond, Strom, 88–89, 93
Till, Emmett, 94, 95
Time, 153, 160
Time magazine, 17
To Kill a Mockingbird (film), xvii, 133–139
A. C. Lee and Peck, 140
Academy Awards, xix, 154–155
art directors Bumstead, Golitzen, and Emert, 140, 154
Atticus, 113 (photo), 134, 135–136
Atticus, reviews and criticisms, 147–148, 152–154
Atticus and Robinson case, 136–139
Atticus’s shooting of rabid dog, 138
Atticus’s summation to jury, 145–147, 180 (photo)
Bob Ewell, 137–138, 139, 145, 147, 153
Boo Radley, 153
Bumstead, Golitzen, and Emert as art directors, 140, 154
Calpurnia, 134
at Cannes Film Festival, 180–181
child actor Mary Badham as Scout, 113 (photo), 140–141, 154, 157
child actor Phillip Alford as Jem, 139, 140–141, 157
director Mulligan, 128–129, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 144–145, 146 (photo), 147, 150
film cuts, 138–139, 144
film rights, 127–129, 135, 150
filming location, 140
Foote as screenwriter, 128, 129, 135–139, 145–148, 146 (photo), 154
Foote’s invention of scenes, 137–138
Gerard as publicity director, 149, 149 (photo)
as Hollywood classic, 152
Jean Louise/Scout, 113 (photo), 136
Jem, 138
Jem and Jean Louise/Scout’s inheritance, 137
Jem’s defense of Atticus to Mrs. Dubose, 138–139
Judge Taylor, 136–137
Link Deas, 134
lynch mob scene, 134
Mayella Ewell, 145, 147
Miss Stephanie, 137–138
Mulligan as director, 128–129, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, 144–145, 146 (photo), 147, 150
Pakula as producer, 128–129, 134, 135, 140, 141, 145, 147, 149, 149 (photo), 150
Peck and A. C. Lee, 140
Peck and child actors, 140–141
Peck as Atticus Finch, 129, 135–136, 137, 138, 144–148, 150, 154, 180–181
Peck as Best Actor, 154–155
Peck as primary financier, 129
Peck on Mulligan’s anti-heroic concept of, 144
Peck on racism, 181
Peck on white moderates, 181
Peck’s criticism, 144–145
Peck’s performance reviews, 153–155
Peck’s press conference at Cannes Film Festival, 181
Peck’s production company, 129
Peck’s version of Atticus, 129
pre-release screening for Congress and White House staff, 148–150
premiere, 150, 157–158, 160
publicity director Gerard, 149, 149 (photo)
publicity events, 148–150
reviews, 152–154
Ruth White as Mrs. Dubose, 139
screenwriter Foote, 128, 129, 135–139, 145–148, 146 (photo), 154
star to play Atticus, 128–129
success of, 150
Tom Robinson, 134, 138, 147, 153, 154
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