For God, Country, and Coca-Cola

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For God, Country, and Coca-Cola Page 85

by Mark Pendergrast


  Brock, Pope, 181, 227

  Brown, Diva, 59

  Brown, Ed, 119–120

  Brown, Sam, 119n

  Brownell, Kelly, 475

  Brownlee, William “Pig Iron,” 150

  Bryant, Anita, 257, 271, 302

  Buffett, Warren, 364, 393, 404, 411–412, 418–419, 433

  Burger King, 269, 326, 402, 428

  Burn Energy Shots (beverage), 457

  Bush, George H.W., 481

  Business as a Calling (Novak), 392

  Butler, Smedley, 89n

  C2 (beverage), 436

  Cadbury-Schweppes, 348, 362, 390, 401, 407–408

  Caffeine, 22, 27

  in Coca-Cola, 50, 51n, 105, 108, 110–112, 115, 121, 176, 205, 207, 223, 476

  Pure Food and Drug Act and, 112–113

  Caffeine-free Coca-Cola (beverage), 324

  Calendar marketing agreements (CMAs), 353

  Calero, Adolfo, 296, 351

  Califano, Joseph, 278, 293

  Canada, CC in, 89

  Candler, Asa, 9, 12, 40–41, 45–65 passim, 86, 88, 91–92, 104–105, 109–110, 125, 363, 494, 498

  Barrels and Kegs trial and, 81, 112

  bottling CC, bottlers and, 66–69, 77–78, 129, 132

  business interests, 49–51, 90–91, 114

  CC advertising/marketing and, 15, 52, 53, 495

  CC formula and, 7, 54–55, 289, 488

  cocaine in CC and, 53–54, 83, 84–85, 498

  early involvement in Coca-Cola business, 37–39, 41–43, 44, 51–52, 55–56, 61–65

  family, 39–40, 47, 57–58, 119, 125

  health of, 48–49, 59, 89, 92

  as mayor of Atlanta, 117–119

  patent medicine and, 47, 48, 49, 52

  Robert Woodruff and, 143, 147–148

  Woodruff sale and legacy of, 124–126

  Candler, Asa, Jr. “Buddie,” 61, 89, 119, 120, 126

  Candler, (Charles) Howard (Asa’s son), 47, 49, 61, 62–63, 88, 109, 119, 121, 133, 146, 157

  Barrels and Kegs case and, 81, 115

  bottlers’ contracts and, 128, 130, 132

  CC formula and, 55, 289, 488

  relationship with father, 57–58, 91, 114, 126

  sale of company to Woodruff and, 123, 124

  sugar prices and, 120, 132, 134

  Candler, Dan (Asa’s nephew), 61

  Candler, Jessie (Asa’s sister), 47

  Candler, John (Asa’s brother), 34, 37, 47, 81, 85, 94–96, 103, 105, 109, 121

  Candler, Lucy (Asa’s daughter), 126

  Candler, Lucy (Asa’s wife), 125

  Candler, Martha Beall (Asa’s mother), 46, 47

  Candler, Noble (Asa’s brother), 47

  Candler, Sam (Asa’s nephew), 45, 61

  Candler, Walter (Asa’s son), 126

  Candler, Warren (Asa’s brother), 12, 39–40, 47, 62, 88–89, 125

  Candler, William (Asa’s son), 126

  Candler Buildings, 90–91

  Capitalism, 118, 222, 227

  Caramel coloring, in CC, 207, 477

  Carnegie, Andrew, 11, 12, 92

  Carson, Luther, 136

  Carter, Jimmy, 292–293, 296, 298, 302–303, 393, 497

  Carter, Majora, 452–453

  Cascal (beverage), 467

  Cash, leveraging, 499

  Cassia, 222n, 290, 489

  Castro, Fidel, 260, 289n, 293, 335

  Cavities, phosphoric acid in CC and, 250–251, 476

  Celebrity endorsements, 93–94, 165, 496

  Celery-Cola (beverage), 73, 116

  Center for Science in the Public Interest, 445–446, 449, 457, 464, 474, 475, 477

  Chain accounts, 353

  Channel-stuffing investigations, 429, 436, 440

  Charles, Ray, 251, 267, 365, 372, 496

  Chavez, Cesar, 276, 277

  Chávez, José Alberto Vicente, 462–463

  Chavez, Raquel, 429

  Cherry Coke (beverage), 332, 364, 390

  Chewing gum, CC, 85, 85n

  Chiang Kai-shek, 220, 222, 230

  Child labor, CC and, 75–76, 91–92, 405, 442, 461

  Children, CC and, 57, 496

  CC advertising/marketing and, 100, 167–168, 241, 249–250, 383

  CC-sponsored exercise programs for, 440–441, 442, 459

  health effects on, 106–107, 108–109, 112, 476, 484

  See also Schools

  Chile, CC in, 229, 285, 370, 481

  China, CC in, 222, 293, 294, 348, 360, 369, 440, 456, 465, 481

  Circuit, Ted, 314

  Cisneros, Oswaldo and Gustavo, 388

  Citra (beverage), 390

  Civil rights movement, 252–253, 263–266

  Clark, Hilda, 60, 64, 284, 496

  Clark, Mark, 141, 199

  Clearly Canadian (beverage), 371, 376

  Clifford, Anna Eliza Lewis “Cliff,” 17

  Clinton, Bill, 383, 446

  Clinton, Hillary, 278n, 383

  Cobb, Ty, 93–94, 146, 168, 496

  Coca, 20, 27–28, 54n

  Coca-Bola, 20

  Coca-Cola, 450

  alcohol in, 105–106, 488, 490, 492

  caffeine and, 50, 51n, 105, 108, 110–112, 115, 121, 176, 205, 207, 223, 324, 476

  caramel coloring in, 207, 477

  cavities and, 250–251, 476

  chain of title to, 32–43

  cocaine in, 7, 50, 51n, 53–54, 64, 83, 84–85, 107

  cultural influence/image of, 9, 183, 192, 219, 258, 473, 478–480

  Depression and, 164–165

  early sales, 30, 51, 52, 56

  ecgonine in, 149–150

  efforts to ban from schools, 445–446

  government investigations of, 101–115

  health and, 250–251, 274–275, 405–407, 420–421, 471–478

  high-fructose corn syrup in, 312–313, 476–477

  history/invention of, 7–8, 85, 26–27, 28

  imitators, 59–60, 95–96, 117, 122, 162, 179–180

  instruction in preparing, 153–154, 155–156

  mercury in, 476–477

  naming/logo of, 28, 31, 52

  nickel price of, 236–238

  obesity epidemic and, 429–430, 436, 440–441, 474–476

  phosphoric acid in, 207, 223, 226, 251, 476

  push to sell in nontraditional outlets, 382–383

  rivalry with Pepsi, 1, 246–247, 254–255, 328, 468–469, 496

  saturation point and, 500

  as soda fountain drink and patent medicine, 8, 13, 14, 51–52, 60–61

  standardizing, 155–157

  as substitute modern religion, 471–473, 481–482

  symbolism of, 195–196, 227, 478–480

  U.S. military and, 105–106, 184–200

  Coca-Cola advertising/marketing, 12, 28–29, 52–53, 56–57, 85–87, 99, 133, 148, 165, 167, 242, 267, 273, 284, 326, 422, 443, 479, 495, 498

  African Americans and, 167n, 265, 267

  America Pauses series, 254

  Archie Lee and, 137–138, 151, 152

  Barrels and Kegs trial and, 112

  bottlers and, 74–75, 288–289

  “Catch the Wave” campaign, 342

  celebrity endorsements, 86, 93–94, 165

  children and, 100, 167–168, 241, 249–250

  for Coca-Cola Classic, 341–342, 439

  “Coca-Cola . . . Real” campaign, 422–423

  “Coke Is It” campaign, 320–321, 331, 341, 358

  “Coke Side of Life” campaign, 447

  for Coke Zero, 439, 447–448, 455

  commandments/rules for, 170–171

  D’Arcy Advertising Agency and, 169–171

  for Diet Coke, 380, 409, 418, 422, 423

  drinking CC at home, 166–167

  early 1960s, 257–259

  early TV spots, 249

  early 21st century, 417–418

  Frenette and, 408–409

  “Get Caught Red Handed” campaign, 390

>   global campaigns, 454–455, 464–467

  “Happiness Ambassadors,” 464–465, 500–501

  “Happiness Factory” ad, 447

  Herbert and, 355–356

  Heyer and, 432–433

  “Hilltop” commercial, 283, 364–365

  image and, 495–496

  “Look Up, America” campaign, 288–289

  in magazines, 92–94

  “Mean” Joe Greene commercial, 300–301

  motivational research and, 247–248

  in Nazi Germany, 203, 208, 210

  for New Coke, 331–332, 334–335, 341–342, 355, 356

  online/social media, 390, 443, 448, 457–458, 464–465

  in overseas markets, 262, 357–360, 363

  polar bears, 374, 379, 410, 468n

  product placement in films and, 86, 242, 165–166, 322, 357, 478

  in public venues, 356–357

  radio programs, 168–169

  “Real Thing” campaign, 272–273, 282–283

  “Red, White & You” campaign, 355

  in roaring twenties, 151–153

  Robinson and, 52–53, 99–100

  Sealey and, 372–375

  sexuality in, 86, 151–152, 166

  sports sponsorship, 228–229, 359–360, 381, 385, 390, 455, 465–467

  switch from D’Arcy to McCann-Erickson, 245–247

  “Things Go Better With Coke” campaign, 258, 259, 272

  transition from medicine to beverage and, 60–61

  “Welcome to the Coke Side of Life” campaign, 443

  World War II and, 185–186

  Coca-Cola Amatil, 368, 383, 399, 407, 439

  Coca-Cola Beverages, 399

  Coca-Cola Blak (beverage), 443, 455

  Coca-Cola bottle, 177, 238, 257, 448, 478n

  size of, 243–245, 455

  PlantBottle, 458, 465

  recycling of, 279, 484

  shape of, 98, 379

  Coca-Cola bottlers, 71, 94–95, 108, 156, 163, 237, 253, 313, 338, 445, 454

  advertising and, 74–75, 288–289

  African American employees and, 265, 266

  anchor, 383–384, 407

  bottlers conventions, 98, 135–137, 300–301, 326–327

  CC contract, 68–69, 75, 120, 298–300

  child labor and, 75–76

  consolidation of, 287–288, 314–315, 317–318, 348–349, 352–353

  corporate control of overseas, 347–348

  Diet Coke and, 323–324

  division of territory, 70–73

  lawsuits and, 95, 155, 281–283, 302, 323–324, 340–341, 351–352

  lobbying FDA by, 176–177

  pre-mix CC and, 244–245

  Thomas and Whitehouse’s plan for, 66–68

  Woodruff and, 156–157

  See also Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE); Parent bottlers

  Coca-Cola Bottlers Association, 94

  Coca-Cola Bottling Company, 68–69, 70, 71, 74–75

  Coca-Cola boycotts, 350, 370, 425, 427

  African Americans and, 252, 265, 272n, 319

  Guatemalan labor violence and, 313–314

  Coca-Cola calendar, 60, 64

  The Coca-Cola Case (documentary), 460

  Coca-Cola chewing gum, 85, 85n

  Coca-Cola Classic, 338–340, 341–342, 379, 390, 439, 455

  Coca-Cola Collectors Club, 345, 471

  Coca-Cola Company, The, 43, 58, 119–122, 260–261, 295–296, 353, 470–471

  acquisitions, 257, 268, 287–288, 321–322, 401, 418–419, 448, 467, 498

  anniversary celebrations, 163–164, 344–345, 468–469

  bottlers’ contracts and, 128–129, 298–300, 445

  Coca-Cola Enterprises and, 437, 445, 466

  corporate culture of, 148–149

  criticism of during New Deal years, 176–177

  development of new flavors/drinks, 268, 376–379, 423, 436, 439, 455, 466–468

  do-good initiatives/charity of, 404, 449–450, 458–459, 459, 482–483, 483–484

  domestic market, 446–447, 466–467

  early history, 38–39, 53, 55, 63–65

  environmental issues and, 279–280, 351, 458–459

  expansion of, 61, 273–274

  global issues and, 384, 400–401, 480

  Great Get-Together, 300–301

  halo effect and, 276, 280, 442, 458, 468, 482, 500

  industrial espionage and, 443–444

  joint ventures, 360–361, 368, 378, 379, 419, 443, 499–500

  lawsuits against (See Lawsuits)

  layoffs at, 253–254, 414–415, 428, 453

  management lessons derived from, 494–501

  market capitalization of, 419–420

  migrant worker conditions and, 277–279

  minorities and women as employees, 251, 286, 319, 405, 415, 416–417

  monopolistic practices, 407, 420, 428–429, 436, 437

  morale at, 354, 436, 438

  Pepsi challenge and, 294–295, 315, 321, 329, 333, 355, 419

  physical activity program sponsorship, 440–441, 442, 459

  politics and, 292–294, 296, 302–303, 481–483

  profit, 274, 317, 318

  rivalry with Pepsi, 246, 254–255, 468–469, 496

  salesmen, 61–62, 87–88

  shareholder meetings, 415–416, 424–426, 432, 456, 482

  syndicate offers to buy, 119–120, 122–124

  unions and, 88, 253, 404

  Whitley whistleblowing and, 428–429

  The Coca-Cola Company of Delaware, 123

  Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE), 349, 382, 389, 400, 404, 406, 467, 411

  layoffs at, 420, 454

  obesity epidemic and CC and, 429–430

  relationship with Company, 437, 445, 448

  Coca-Cola Export, 173, 175–176, 285

  Coca-Cola fiends, 51, 78, 84, 107, 474

  Coca-Cola Foods, 351

  Coca-Cola Foodservice Research Forum, 382

  Coca-Cola formula, 32–33, 54–55, 115, 130n, 149, 340–341

  bottlers and, 129, 131

  Goizueta and 7X, 289–290

  New Coke and, 328, 329

  original, 51n, 487–490

  Robinson and, 35, 37, 490–491

  at World of Coca-Cola Museum, 469, 492–493

  Coca-Cola Foundation, 326, 464, 484

  Coca-Cola GmbH, 201–202, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212

  Coca-Cola Institute, 87–88

  Coca-Cola International, 149

  Coca-Cola logo/trademark, 55–56

  licensing of, 326, 341

  protection of, 97–98, 171, 179–180, 181, 268, 497

  Coca-Cola market share, 242, 243, 268, 295, 326–327, 328, 345, 366, 403

  Coca-Cola memorabilia, 57, 408, 484

  Coca-Cola News, 55, 58, 61

  Coca-Cola overseas, 157–160, 220–228, 230–232, 316, 368–371, 407–411, 421, 470

  advertising, 357–360

  CC as symbol of American culture, 478–480

  corporate ownership of bottlers, 347–348

  Goizueta and, 346–347

  Ivester and, 383–384

  joint ventures, 360–361, 368

  as local businesses, 158–159, 220–222, 228–229, 348, 456–457, 496–497, 500

  See also individual countries and regions

  Coca-Cola Overseas, 197, 230

  Coca-Cola packaging, bisphenol-A in, 477

  Coca-Cola Red Zone, 390

  Coca-Cola Sky Field, 390

  Coca-Cola syrup, 52, 59–60, 76, 103, 109–110

  contract with bottlers and price of, 68–69, 132, 299–300, 411

  Coca-Cola Zero, 439, 443

  Coca-Colonization, 479–480

  Cocaine, 54n, 326

  in CC, 7, 50, 51n, 53–54, 64, 83, 84–85, 107

  Coca leaves, 149–150, 173–174, 185n, 260

  decocainized, 84, 105n, 115, 329, 488, 489

  Cochran, Johnnie, 416

  Coke I
I (beverage), 371

  Cokelore, 478n

  The Coke Machine (Blanding), 461

  Coke PAC, 325–326

  Coke Time (television program), 242, 252

  Coke Zero (beverage), 447–448, 450, 455, 456, 457

  Cola Clan, 284

  Colas, generic/private-label, 179–180, 296, 371–372, 376

  Colby, Bainbridge, 119–120

  Cold War, 220, 260–261

  Collingsworth, Terry, 421n, 424, 444–445, 460, 461, 462–463

  Colombia, unions and labor violence and, 421, 424–426, 432, 442, 444–445, 460–461

  Columbia Pictures, 321–322, 324, 345–346, 349, 363–364, 393, 498

  Communists/communism, CC and, 219–220, 222, 223, 227–228, 261

  Community Power Structures (Hunter), 234

  Conroy, Leo, 298

  Consumerism, American, 1950s and, 248–250

  Consumer movement, CC and, 176–177

  Consumer profiling, CC and, 326

  Conway, Andrew, 392

  Conwell, Russell, 11–12, 13n

  Cooke, Fred, 189

  Coolers, CC, 154–155, 169. See also Vending machines

  Coppola, Francis Ford, 374

  Corn syrup, 121. See also High–fructose corn syrup (HFCS)

  Corporate Accountability International (CAI), 462

  Corporate tax, 113–114

  Cosby, Bill, 321, 335, 341, 357

  Cott, 371–372

  Crawford, Joan, 165, 255

  Creative Artists Agency (CAA), 373–375, 379

  Crisis management, 500

  Croom-Johnson, Austen Herbert, 181

  Crown cap counts, 170

  Crown Cork and Seal Company, 70

  Crush (beverage), 401

  Crystal Pepsi (beverage), 376

  Cuba, CC in, 88–89, 106, 158, 159, 160, 174, 260, 293

  Cultural influence, of CC, 478–480

  Cultural sensitivity, CC and, 496–497

  Curtis, Carlton, 333, 383

  Curtis, James, 229

  Cyclamate scare, 275

  Czechoslovakia, CC in, 269, 368

  Daft, Douglas N., 411–434 passim, 436

  annual meetings and, 415–416, 432

  Dyson and, 421–422

  layoffs and, 414–415, 428

  SEC investigation and, 430–331

  Damiana, 22–23

  Daniel, John B., 96

  D’Arcy, William “Bill,” 99, 100, 109, 130, 133, 148, 170, 176

  D’Arcy Advertising Agency, 137–138, 151, 169–171, 185, 245

  Dasani (beverage), 411, 418, 420, 422, 423, 431, 436, 448, 451, 458, 463, 464, 467

  Davidson, Irving, 312

  Davis, Albert “Red,” 186, 187

  Davis, Billy, 283

  Davis, Ovid, 266, 282

  Daynard, Richard, 440, 446

  Deaf employees, 76

  Dean, Earl, 98

  Delaney, James J., 251

  Delcroix, Georges, 157

  De-Lec-Ta-Lave (Candler), 49, 51, 52, 53

  Del Valle, 468

 

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