Extraordinary women lie at the heart of this book, so it is fitting that it should be dedicated, with love and thanks, to my mother, Jane Childs, and my sister, Anna Richards.
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Entries in italics indicate illustrations.
A.B. (spy) 110–11
Abbot, George (later Archbishop of Canterbury) 217, 251
Agnus Dei (‘lamb of God’) 5, 5n, 30, 52, 68, 194
Alba, Ferdinand de Toledo, Duke of 33
Albert, Archduke 357
Alfield, Thomas 101, 102
Allen, Gabriel 56
Allen, William xviii, 23, 25, 29, 52, 69, 70, 71–2, 90, 90n, 93, 94, 95, 102–3, 104n, 117, 134, 149, 162, 180, 212
Almond, John 174
altars 13, 13n, 15, 16, 16n, 18, 21, 45, 50, 101, 172, 172n, 173, 175, 176–7, 177n, 178, 259, 261, 326
Anjou, Francis, Duke of 54, 59
Apethorpe, Northamptonshire 61, 76, 77, 78
appellants, archpriest controversy and 149, 212n, 213, 213n, 238, 277, 335
Aquaviva, Claudio, S.J. (Jesuit General) xviii, 134, 137, 177n, 186, 192, 198–9, 206, 207, 219, 278, 292, 340
Arden, John 246–7, 249
Armada, Spanish, 1588 xix, 156–7, 158–65, 160n, 187, 218n, 273, 323, 346
Arundel, Anne Howard, Countess of 168, 218, 218n, 263
Arundel, Philip Howard, Earl of 105, 162, 218n
Arundell, Charles 104–5, 104n
Ashby St Ledgers, Northamptonshire 271
Ashley, Ralph 325, 326–7, 349
Babington Plot, 1586 xvii, 125–32, 135, 136, 162, 198, 246, 278, 309, 346
Babington, Anthony xvii, 112, 123–4, 126–32, 135–6, 250
Bacon, Francis 22n
Baddesley Clinton, Warwickshire 166–7, 166n, 282, 339n, 383–4
Bagshaw, Christopher: A Sparing Discoverie of Our English Jesuits, 1601 214
Baldwin, William, S.J. 218
Ballard, John 101, 102, 126, 127, 128–30, 131, 132
Bancroft, Richard, Bishop of London 118, 120n, 121
Barlow, Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln 364–5
Barnwell, Robert 128
Bates, Thomas 186, 283, 299, 300, 307, 323, 324, 329
Batty, Matthew 304, 305, 309
Bayarde (priest) 89
Baynham, Sir Edmund 292, 323, 335
Beale, Robert 109
Beaumont, Elizabeth, née Hastings (grandmother of Henry, Eleanor and Anne Vaux) 32, 43–5, 73–4, 155–6, 165
Beaumont, Francis 44, 156, 215, 216
Beaumont, Henry 165
Beaumont, Sir John 19–20, 20n
Bellamy, Anne 181, 199, 201, 202
Benedict XVI, Pope 150n, 364
Bentley family of Little Oakley, Northamptonshire 101, 152, 306
Beza, Theodore 55
Blackwell, George, Archpriest 149, 213, 213n, 277–8, 358–9
‘bloody question’ 103
Blount, Richard, S.J. 172n, 348
Boleyn, Queen Anne 8, 10, 228
Bond of Association, 1584 106–7
Boucher, Mary 263–4
Boughton (manor on the Vaux estate) 359–60
Boughton House (Montagu seat near Kettering) 38, 75, 77–8, 80, 81, 89, 259, 321, 359
Braddocks Manor, Essex 207, 209–10
Briant, Alexander 70, 71, 115
Bridge, alias Gratley (spy) 105
Brinkley, Stephen 48–9, 50, 51, 66–7
Bromley, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor 83, 88
Bromley, Sir Henry 325, 327, 332
Brooksby, Bartholomew 277
Brooksby, Dorothy, née Wiseman 219, 293, 333
Brooksby, Edward (husband of Eleanor Brooksby) 40, 44, 48, 56, 66, 73, 91, 145, 214
Brooksby, Eleanor, née Vaux (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): ‘the widow’ xvii, 146, 147, 256, 279, 341; Garnet and xviii, 146, 147, 150, 152, 166, 186, 217–18, 253, 275, 287, 333, 340, 347; ‘very learned and in every way accomplished lady’ 3, 145; birth 20; Campion praises 26–7, 140, 145; commitment to Catholic cause 27, 145, 146, 147; dowry 32, 91, 214, 232; marriage 40, 44, 48, 66, 73, 91, 145 see also Brooksby, Edward; children 40, 145, 182, 219, 284, 351, 355 see also Brooksby, Mary and Brooksby, William; dedication to English mission 44, 145, 186; death of husband and 66, 73, 91, 145; Francis Hastings suggests searching house of 73–4; Campion confessions and 73–4; widow’s jointure 91, 153, 271; death of Henry Vaux and 139; adopts late aunt’s five-year-old daughter, Frances Burroughs 145, 151, 182–3, 185; ‘rather timid’ 145, 194, 216; Wilson praises in translation The Widow’s Glass 145, 167, 356; Thomas Tresham considers the dominant Vaux sister 147; aliases 153–4, 186; measure of protection from authorities 154, 155; household 165, 166–73, 182–96, 197; role in sending Catholic children out of England 183–4; religious instruction of children in household 185; role in Anne Vaux’s lawsuit against Thomas Tresham 214, 215, 216n, 295; Catesby as kinsman of 271, 273; link to Gunpowder Plot 271, 273, 277, 282, 283, 284, 287, 293; return to Harrowden Hall, 1605 295; death 355
Brooksby, Jane, née Beaumont 44
Brooksby, Mary (daughter of Eleanor and Edward Brooksby) 40, 145, 165
Brooksby, Robert 44
Brooksby, William, alias Mr Jennings (son of Eleanor and Edward Brooksby) 40, 145, 165, 219, 284, 293, 301, 333, 351
Browne, Francis 67, 89, 102
Browne, Robert 104
Brudenell family of Deene 5, 38, 114, 114n, 119, 123n
Brudenell Manuscript 5, 114, 119, 123n
Burroughs, Frances (niece of William, 3rd Baron Vaux, adopted by Eleanor Brooksby) xvii, 145, 151, 152, 182–5, 190
Butcher, Joan 19
Bye Plot, 1603 96n, 277–8, 291, 318
Byrd, William 45, 136, 136n, 190, 288
Campion, Edmund, S.J.: tutor at Harrowden Hall xviii, 7, 26, 44, 45, 53, 61, 140, 145, 340; launches Jesuit mission in England with Robert Persons, 1580 xviii, 7, 8, 25, 53–61, 64, 340; aliases 7, 56, 86; at Oxford University 7, 8, 25, 26, 70–1; Vaux family shelter in Northamptonshire, 1580 7–8, 25, 60, 61, 64–5; letter to Henry Vaux from Oxford, 28th July, 1570 7–8, 24–7, 44–5; praise for Lord Vaux 7–8, 12, 25; Earl of Leicester and 8, 25; on Elizabeth Beaumont 20, 44–5; leaves England for Ireland, 1570 25, 26; Two Bokes of the Histories of Ireland 25; training in priesthood 25; ‘suffered himself to be ordained’ into the Anglican Church 25; converts to Catholicism 25–6; praises Henry Vaux’s sister (probably Eleanor) 26–7, 140, 145; ‘Brag’, 1580 43, 58–60, 61; Synod of Southwark and 56–7, 70, 86; insistence on absolute recusancy 56–61, 62; agitates for public debate 61, 69, 142; Rationes Decem 67; arrest and imprisonment 67–8; interrogation and torture 68, 71–3, 78, 84–5, 88; trial and charges 69, 70, 72, 83–4; execution 70, 71, 78, 346; relics of 71, 112, 115; confessions 73–4, 78, 83–4, 86, 88; Vaux and Tresham questioned on connection to 73–4, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85–6, 88, 99, 273; Weston alias as tribute to 109n
Carrington, Anthony 64, 80, 162
Carvajal y Mendoza, Luisa de 174, 265, 287–8, 316n, 327, 328, 334, 341, 342–3, 350, 351, 352, 353, 357
Catesby, Robert xii, xvii, xviii, xix, 1, 2, 33, 218, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275 277, 279, 280–1, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 289–94, 295–7, 296n, 299, 300, 301, 303, 304n, 307, 312, 313, 316, 322, 323, 327n, 330, 335, 336, 341, 342, 344, 346
Catesby, Sir William 76, 76n, 83, 87, 91, 109–10, 159–60, 227, 273, 274
Catherine of Aragon, Queen 9n, 10, 17, 368
Catholic Church: recusants and see recusants; Jesuits see Society of Jesus (Jesuits); Mass and see Mass, Catholic; papacy and see papacy; dissolution of the monasteries and 12–13; iconoclasm 13–14, 16, 16n; Passion and 13, 14, 45, 170, 171, 175, 228; tran-substantiation and 13, 14, 80, 363; Easter and 14; First Communion and 14–15; Edward VI ‘purification’ of 15–17, 16n;
England breaks with 21–2; Elizabeth’s religious ‘settlement’ and 21–4, 47, 117; resilience of 24; rising in Northern England, 1569, and 28–9, 32, 34; Council of Trent and 46–7; insistence on absolute recusancy (question of attendance of Protestant service) and 57, 61; legislation curbing practices of see Parliament; evangelizing impulse 69, 116, 117; equivocation and 109, 141, 180–2, 189, 202, 250, 293, 295, 296, 313, 345, 350, 352; Armada backlash against 160–1; belief in supernatural within 263
Catholic League xviii, 95, 106
Catholic Relief Act, 1829 363
Catilyn, Maliverey (spy known as ‘II’) xix, 138, 139
Cave, William 165, 166, 181–2
Cecil, Sir Robert, 1st Earl of Salisbury xix, 191, 202, 203, 225, 239, 260, 265, 274, 276, 284, 298–9, 301, 302, 305, 305n, 306, 308, 315, 315n, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 327, 332, 334, 337n, 338, 339, 344–5, 346, 348, 352, 357
Cecil, Sir Thomas 255
Cecil, Sir William, Lord Burghley xix, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 60, 68–9, 73, 75, 92, 99, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 125, 127–8, 155, 158, 161, 162, 191, 207–8, 225, 226, 229, 260, 274–5, 345
Chamberlain, John 237–8n, 274, 275, 285
Charles I, King 360–1
Chartley Manor, Staffordshire 125, 126
Cheney family 11, 100, 122
‘church papist’ 3, 45–6
Clifton, Thomas 93
Clink prison, Southwark 90, 90n, 210, 244, 246, 247, 250, 251
Clitherow, Margaret 154–5
Cobham, Sir Henry 92–3, 95, 97, 278
Coke, Sir Edward xix, 187, 306, 321, 322, 323–4, 332–3, 336, 344–5, 346
Collins, Robert 240, 241
Combe Abbey, Warwickshire 282
Copley, Anthony 96n, 238–9, 277
Copley, Sir Thomas 95–6, 97, 100, 240
Cornford, Thomas, S.J. 180–1
Coughton Court, Warwickshire 97n, 296–7, 296n, 299, 300, 323, 329, 333, 334, 342
Council of Trent, 1545–63 46–7, 52, 150n
Counter-Reformation 4, 49, 52, 54, 146, 171, 185, 250, 353
Counter prison, Poultry 90, 91, 210, 244
Counter, Wood Street 122, 129
Cowling, Richard, S.J. 255, 256n, 281
Creswell, Joseph, S.J. 198n, 280, 323
Crisp, Francis 257
Cromwell, Thomas 11
Darrell, John 118
Davies, Henry 138, 228
Dibdale, Robert 122
Dickenson, Roger 103
Digby, Mary, Lady 251, 261, 293, 300, 304, 315, 317, 341
Digby, Sir Everard xviii, 250, 261, 261n, 265, 284, 296–7, 299, 300, 307, 312, 316–17, 321–2, 323, 329
Dodwell, Thomas (spy) 105, 385
Don John of Austria 35, 70
Donne, Elizabeth 149–50
Donne, John vii, 73, 91, 149, 230, 275
Douai/Rheims seminary xviii, 23, 25, 52, 65, 69, 93–4, 95, 96, 97, 103–4, 149, 188, 256
‘Dowglas’ (priest) 37
Dowland, John 225
Drake, Sir Francis 19, 156
Drayton House, Northamptonshire 38, 285
Easton Neston, Northamptonshire 261, 267, 306, 307
Edict of Nantes, 1598 277
Edward IV, King 9
Edward VI, King 11, 15–17, 16n, 19, 20n, 21
Elizabeth I, Queen xvii, xviii, xix, 3–4, 6, 7, 8, 21–4, 25, 27, 28–36, 45, 47, 53, 54, 57, 58, 61, 62, 62n, 64, 65, 67, 68n, 77, 90, 95, 96, 99, 107–10, 113, 121, 125, 127, 128, 136n, 151, 160, 160, 162–3, 164, 200, 202, 207, 208, 217, 228, 255, 274, 275, 276, 280, 346
Elizabethan Religious Settlement 21–4, 47, 117
Elizabeth, Princess (daughter of James I) 282, 283
Ely, Cambridgeshire 159–60, 164, 213
Emerson, Ralph (Jesuit lay brother) 56
English Civil War, 1642–51 6, 361
English College, Rome 52, 65, 71, 90n, 101, 179, 212, 213, 260, 356
Erith, Thames Estuary 271, 271n, 288–9, 334, 344, 348, 349
Essex rebellion, 1601 272, 286n, 343
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of 199, 207–8, 272, 286n, 343
Exercise of a Christian Life, The (Loarte) 40, 48–52, 53, 67, 342
exorcism xx, 5, 112–24, 130, 131, 137, 146, 173, 186, 187, 263, 353
Fawkes, Guy 206, 256n, 274, 280–2, 293, 298, 300, 306, 316, 321n, 322, 323, 365
Fawsley, Northamptonshire 38, 259–60, 359–60
Fermor, Mary, Lady 302, 305, 306–7, 361
Fermor, Sir George 267, 302, 303–4, 307, 312–13, 405
Ferrers, Henry 166–7, 282
Finche, John 46
Fitzherbert, Thomas 70
Flamstead family 46
Fleet prison, London 79–80, 89, 90–1, 99, 100, 109, 162, 199, 215, 217, 232, 234, 237, 357, 361
Floyd, Griffith 339
Fotheringhay Castle, Northamptonshire 125, 127
Foxe, John: Actes and Monuments (known as the ‘Book of Martyrs’) 19, 40
France xviii, 4, 10, 23, 24, 25, 27, 35–6, 44, 55, 65, 71, 95, 96, 97–8, 104, 106, 126, 129, 164, 183–5, 197, 217, 228, 236
Fremland, Essex 289, 344
Fulwood, Richard xix, 183–4, 186, 209, 247, 248, 249–50, 348
Fulshurst, George xvii, 232, 273
Garnet, Henry, S.J.: Jesuit Superior in England, 1586–1606 xviii; harboured by Anne Vaux and Eleanor Brooksby xviii, 146, 152, 166, 167, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192–6, 197; aliases 1–2, 313; Gunpowder Plot, involvement in 2, 289–93, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 304, 306, 310–11, 313, 317, 322, 323, 324; nature of relationship with Anne Vaux 2, 146, 147–8, 150, 151, 152, 338–46, 347–9, 350–3; prison correspondence (etched in orange juice) 2, 329–34, 336–9, 346–9; Elizabeth Beaumont and 43, 155, 156, 165; enters England on Jesuit mission, 1586 133–5, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 149, 150; appearance 133, 287, 345; family background 133; becomes Jesuit priest 134; character 134; takes over as Jesuit superior in England 137, 146; death of Henry Vaux and 139; thinks Eleanor Brooksby ‘rather timid’ 145, 194, 216; labels Eleanor Brooksby and Anne Vaux ‘the widow and the virgin’ 146; visitors carefully vetted 149; Anne Vaux’s donation of money to mission and 153; circumspection over summer of 1588 165; on effect of Armada on English Catholics 165; Warwickshire household and 166, 167, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192–6, 197; Owen and 179; cottage in Finsbury Fields raided, 1591 180, 180n; A treatise against lying and fraudulent dissimulation 181, 182, 293, 296, 345; ‘Garnetian Academy’ 181, 186; arranges escape of Frances Burroughs from England 183–4, 185; The Societie of the Rosary 185–6, 185n; attempts to improve reception and transfer of seminarians in England 188; October 1591 raid and 192–6, 197; moves to London after raid 198; begs Aquaviva to accept his resignation 198–9, 206–7; on Topcliffe 199; death of Southwell and 202–4; visits north of England, winter 1592–3 206; fears arrest 206; on uproar in London, 1594 207–9; An Apology Against the Defence of Schism, 1593 212; A Treatise of Christian Renunciation, 1593 212; Archpriest George Blackwell and 213; as target for critics of Jesuits 213; at Morecrofts 218, 249–50; move to White Webbs 219, 289, 323; professes final Jesuit vows, 1598 219; Gerard and 202–3, 207, 209, 247, 249, 252, 253, 254, 332, 351; on mood at James VI accession to throne 275, 277, 278, 280, 281; receives ‘breves’ from Rome 275, 323; facilitates Wintour’s access to Spanish court 280, 323; visits St Winifred’s Well in Wales, 1605 287, 291, 306, 323; suffers from depression 287; Luisa de Carvajal visits 287–8; Catesby posits hypothetical question on ‘killing innocents’ to, June 1605 289–91; Tesimond informs of ‘all the matter’ of the powder plot 292; seeks papal direction on Gunpowder Plot 292–3, 323; stays at Coughton Court 296–7, 299–300, 323; discovery of Gunpowder Plot, consequences for 299, 300, 301, 304, 307, 310–11, 313, 317, 322, 323, 324; search of Hindlip and 324, 325, 326, 327–8; captured 327–8; imprisoned 329–35; rumours of torture and drunkenness 332, 334; admits foreknowledge of Gunpowder Plot 335–6; Anne Vaux’s devotion to mocked 338–9; trial 344
–5, 347; concern for Anne Vaux after sentence 347; protests innocence to Anne Vaux 347; last letters 347–9; executed 350–1; ‘Garnet’s Straw’ 175, 351–3
Garnet, Margaret 339
Garnet, Thomas, S.J. 174, 329
Gatehouse prison, London 201, 202, 301, 318, 329, 330, 332
Gayhurst, Buckinghamshire 261, 293, 294
Gee, John 263, 287, 352
Gerard, John, S.J.: ‘Long John with the little beard’ xviii, 245, 252; Eliza Vaux and xviii, 254, 255–62, 276, 304, 305, 306, 312, 314–15, 316–17, 318, 319–20; on Henry Vaux 45, 139; on Mass equipment 101n, 175; Autobiography 101n, 137n, 138n, 194–5n, 250–1, 261n, 262, 266, 304n, 311–12, 313, 314–15; on Justice Young 137n; on the Marshalsea 138n; on relics of Robert Sutton 172; on skill of ‘Little John’ Owen 179; lands in England, 1588 186–8; on Hindlip 187; character 189, 250–3, 272; in Warwickshire 189, 190, 191, 194n, 197; 1591 raid and 194n, 197; on Topcliffe 199; Garnet and 202–3, 207, 209, 247, 249, 252, 253, 254, 332, 351; raid on Braddocks, 1594, and 209–10; capture of, 1594 210; in Counter prison, Poultry 210, 244; transferred to the Clink 210, 244, 247, 251; torture of 244–6; appearance 245, 251–2; prison correspondence (etched in orange juice) 246–7; escape from Tower, 1597 246–50, 271; conversions 260–1, 284, 299, 304n; at Morecrofts 271; Catesby and 272; knighting of brother 276; Bye Plot and 277; James I accession and 277, 279; gunpowder plotters receive communion from, 1604 281–2, 306, 323; search of Harrowden Hall, 1605, and 308, 310–12; Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot 312, 313–15, 314n, 315n, 316; Eliza Vaux questioned on knowledge of 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319; flees England 318, 320, 349–50; trial of gunpowder plotters and 322; warrant issued for arrest of, January 1606 322; imprisonment of Garnet and 332; on Anne Vaux’s chastity 339; on capture of Anne Vaux 341; Garnet’s execution and 349–50; rumours of return to England 356
Gerard, Sir Thomas 273
Gifford, Gilbert 125–6
Gifford, Mary 150–1
Gilbert, George 52–3, 56, 59–60, 65–6, 110
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