Red Lion Inn, Dunsmore Heath, Warwickshire 298, 299–300
‘Regiomontanus’ (astronomer) 158, 165
relics 13, 44, 71, 112, 115, 117, 119, 120, 146, 150, 171, 172, 172n, 173, 173n, 174–5, 176, 177, 182, 186, 249n, 253, 263, 300, 325, 351–2
Richardson, Richard 318
Ridolfi Plot, 1571 33–6, 37, 38, 70, 162
Robinson, George 92
Robinson, Jane 300
Rome xviii, 3, 8, 10, 17, 21, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 37, 45, 46, 50, 52, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62, 62n, 63, 65, 69, 71, 76n, 90, 93, 101, 109, 116, 117, 133, 134, 146, 147, 149, 151, 165, 173, 176, 179, 185, 186, 190, 192, 204, 206, 212, 213, 219, 238, 244, 252, 260, 275, 276, 281, 291, 293, 319, 323, 326, 335–6, 341, 345, 352, 356, 358, 364 see also papacy
Rookwood, Ambrose 250, 272, 284, 285, 293, 299, 300
Rookwood, Dorothy 251
Rookwood, Elizabeth 293, 315
Roos, Peter 237
Roper, Sir John xvii, 82, 224, 225, 226, 229, 276
Rothwell, Northamptonshire 61, 93, 228
Rouen, France 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 102, 103, 104n, 138, 185
Rowington Hall, Warwickshire 167, 219, 384
Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire xviii, 5, 20, 81–2, 101, 225, 226n, 227, 228–9, 232, 295, 344
‘St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre’, 1572 35, 159, 208
St Omer, near Calais 55, 150n, 185, 264, 347, 355, 356
St Paul’s Cathedral 163, 341, 349, 350
Sander, Nicholas 54
Scotland xviii, 4, 27, 28, 33, 35, 90, 95, 107, 228, 275, 278
Shakespeare, John 48
Shakespeare, William 3, 9, 11–12, 46, 112, 119, 134n, 136n, 239, 286n; Hamlet 11; King Lear 112, 269; Macbeth 269, 313; Henry IV 286, 286n, 329n
Sheldon, Hugh 180
Sheldon, Ralph 45–6
Sheldon, Richard: A Survey of the Miracles of the Church of Rome, proving them to be Antichristian, 1616 151; on Cornford 181
Shelley, Richard 108
Sherwin, Ralph 60, 70–1, 93
Shireburn, Sir Richard 46
Shirley, George 167, 384, 405
Shirley, Henry 241–2
Shoby, Brooksby estate, Leicestershire 44, 355
Simeon, Mary, née Vaux (daughter of Eliza Vaux) 286, 304, 355, 363
Simeon family of Baldwin Brightwell 261
Simeon, Sir George 304, 356
Singleton, alias Clifton 299, 304, 305
Sixtus V, Pope xix, 157
Smith, Anne 120
Smith, Thomas 255, 260
Smyth, John 129
Snape, George 167, 198
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) xi, xviii, 2; members of xviii see also under individual member name; launch of mission in England, 1580 xviii, 7, 43, 44, 53–74, 140; Gunpowder Plot and 2, 292–3, 299, 304, 306–7, 310, 313, 314, 318, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335–6, 337, 339–40, 342–3, 345, 346, 348–9, 364–5; founded, 1540 48, 53; Rules 53, 153, 347; fourth vow of special obedience to the Pope 53; Spiritual Exercises 53, 244, 257, 261; motto Ad maiorem Dei gloriam 53, 250; worldwide 53; political activity of 54, 57, 58, 59, 69, 70, 102, 103, 108–9, 212, 244, 246; attitude towards attendance of Protestant church 57–61, 62, 71; missionaries target upper classes 64, 262; propaganda campaign in England 66–7; bill ‘against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and such other like disobedient persons’, 1585 107–10, 345–6; exorcism xx, 5, 112–24, 130, 131, 137, 146, 173, 186, 187, 263, 353; wish of Henry Vaux to join 139; biannual meetings of English 190–1, 219; dispute with secular priests 211–14; code names for churches of 261–2; accused of elitism 262; ‘Garnet’s Straw’ and 351; first Pope from 364
Somerville, John 106
Southwell, Robert, S.J. xviii, 133, 134–7, 137n, 138, 141, 143, 147, 148, 152, 161, 165, 167, 168–72, 177n, 181, 187–8, 190, 197, 198, 201–5, 205n, 206, 217, 218n, 219, 238, 251, 252, 339
Spain xix, 4, 17, 23, 27, 36–7, 52, 54, 70, 72, 89, 90, 95, 96–7, 106, 113, 136, 141, 156–7, 158–65, 160n, 197, 218n, 227, 267n, 273, 274, 280, 281, 346, 359, 359n see also under individual monarch name
Stamp, Thomas (priest) 89, 101, 102, 131
Stanley Grange 177, 355
Stanley, Sir William 206, 208
Stanney, Thomas, S.J. 189, 197, 285
Stonor, Dame Cecily 67
Stonyhurst College, Lancashire 173, 177, 356
Strange, Thomas, alias Anderton, S.J. 188–9, 299, 304, 304n, 305, 333
Stuart, Arbella 275, 278
Suffolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of 265–7, 267n, 301, 352
Sugar, John, alias Sweet 278–9
Surrey, Henry Howard, Earl of 11, 35, 79, 267n
Sutton, Robert 172, 172n, 173, 174
Swetnam, Francis 309–10
Swynnerton, Sir John 315, 318–20
syneisactism (men and women working together chastely for God) 340
Synod of Southwark, 1580 56–7, 70, 86
Talbot, John 128
Tasborough, Lady 286, 301–2, 315
Tate, William 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 405
Tattnall, Henry 298
Tesimond, Oswald, alias Greenway, S.J. xviii, 167, 187, 207, 218, 259, 271, 272, 290–1, 292–3, 300, 317, 322–3, 324, 331, 335, 342, 346, 348, 349
Thames Street, London 289–93, 336
Thimelby, Edward, alias Ashby 185, 355
Thornbury, William 304, 309
Throckmorton Plot, 1583 96–7, 104n, 105
Throckmorton, Edward 48
Throckmorton, Francis 48, 97, 97n, 104n
Throckmorton, Sir Arthur 45
Throckmorton, Thomas 97
Tichborne, Chidiock 132
Topcliffe, Richard xix, 90–1, 99, 199–202, 200n, 204, 206, 207, 210, 238, 251
torture xix, 4, 5, 34, 67, 68, 71–4, 84, 90n, 93n, 94, 119, 134, 153, 179, 198, 199, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 244–6, 250, 257, 306, 324, 331, 333, 334, 365
Tottel, Richard 133, 133–4n
Tottel’s Miscellany (Tottel) 11, 133–4n
Tower of London 1, 5, 36n, 66, 68, 83, 105, 149, 202, 203, 219, 244, 245, 246, 247, 247, 248, 249, 251, 254, 266, 271, 278, 306, 316, 329, 331, 332, 333, 341, 343, 348, 350, 351, 355
Trayford, William 120
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, 1559 23
Treaty of London, 1604 281
Tresham family 20, 33, 38, 97n see also under individual family member name
Tresham Papers 5, 81, 102, 226, 254
Tresham, Francis (son of Sir Thomas Tresham) 227, 272, 273, 277, 280, 284, 291, 294, 295–6, 296n, 299, 300, 324, 343–4
Tresham, Meriel, née Throckmorton (wife of Sir Thomas Tresham) 83, 97n, 100, 164
Tresham, Sir Thomas (brother-in-law to William, Lord Vaux) xviii, 38, 46; agreement with Lord Vaux to grant dowries for daughters in return for a fifteen-year annuity, 1571 32, 91–2, 214–17, 227, 232; Vaux family, connection to 33, 38, 46, 78, 82; assault of Henry Norwich, role in, 1576 38, 227; placed on Burghley’s list of untrustworthy recusants 60; Mildmay interrogates 76–7, 78–9, 87; Persons claims as early convert to Jesuit mission 76n; character 77, 82, 89, 91, 227, 228–9; committed to Fleet prison, 1581 79; drafts letter for Lord Vaux to send to Lady Montagu 80, 82; dominates Lord Vaux 82, 92, 226–7; Star Chamber trial, 1581 83, 86, 86–8, 91, 227; communication with Spanish ambassador 90, 95, 131–2, 227; examined over secret Masses in Fleet prison 90, 91; fined 91; Elizabeth Vaux’s decision to become a nun in Rouen, involvement in 91–2; as ruthless estate manager 92, 226; Lennox Plot and 95; Throckmorton Plot and 97n; on Henry Vaux’s decision to relinquish his inheritance 98; released from Fleet and allowed to live in Hoxton 100; niece Merill Vaux brought up in Hoxton house of 100; raid on Hoxton house, 1584 101–2, 105; commissions new objects of worship 101; Hugh Yates and 102; 1585 petition 107–8; Hoxton fund for Catholic priests in England, role in 109–10; Eliza Vaux and 112–13, 223, 224, 225–34, 235, 236, 253, 272; opposes marriage of George Vaux 116, 225, 226, 227, 231, 233, 274; Babington Plot, refuses role in 131–2; patriot
ism 132, 162, 228; commitment of Henry Vaux to Marshalsea and 138–9; death of Henry Vaux, reaction to 139; on Eleanor Vaux 147; financial dispute with Anne Vaux 153, 214–17, 227; Spanish Armada and 159–60, 162, 163, 164; confined at Ely during periods of Spanish threat 164, 165, 232–3, 234; Tresham Papers and 227–8; death of Elizabeth I, reaction to 228; nephew Ambrose Vaux and 228, 237, 241, 243; architectural projects 228–9; grievances 229; Merill Vaux marriage and 232–3, 235, 236; Catesby and 272, 273; proclaims James I at Northampton, 1603 276; James I promises to remit recusancy fines in return for dutiful conduct 277; Bye Plot and 278, 291; death 227, 295, 344
Tresham, Sir Thomas (grandfather of Sir Thomas Tresham) 20
Tresham, William 48, 90, 95, 276–7
Tuke, Henry 89, 90, 91
Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire 27
Tyburn, Middlesex 43, 58, 68, 70, 71, 88, 102, 122, 137, 172n, 174, 200, 202, 249n, 253, 287
Tyrrell, Anthony 121n, 130, 131, 137, 137n, 138
Vachell, William 100
Vaux, family of: family tree xv; members of xii see also under individual name; pronunciation of name 3; Tudors and 9; history of 9–10; barony falls into abeyance, 1663 363; barony revived, 1838 363
Vaux, Ambrose (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): as black sheep of Vaux family xvii, 3, 236–43, 256; assault on Henry Norwich and, 1576 39, 237; at Rheims 94–5; pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 1609 96n, 238–1, 243, 277; Vaux heir, 1585 224, 236; Eliza Roper and 225, 227, 229, 233, 236; Thomas Tresham and 228, 237, 241, 243; debts 237, 239; military service in Low Countries 238–9; Guy Fawkes and 238, 281; marries 239–41; reputation and physique 241–3; knighthood 243; effect of recusancy on 243
Vaux, Anne (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): ‘Mistress Perkins’ alias xvii, 146, 153, 186, 219, 301, 330; ‘the virgin’ xvii, 146, 147, 168; harbours Garnet xviii, 146, 152, 166, 167, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192–6, 197; imprisoned and interrogated in Tower of London 1–2, 3, 341–6, 351; White Webbs and see White Webbs; Catesby and see Catesby, Robert; pilgrimage to St Winifred’s Well, Wales, 1605 1, 2, 286–9, 291, 293, 336; link to Gunpowder Plot 1, 2, 3, 153, 286–9, 291, 293, 294–5, 299, 301, 304, 324, 325, 326, 328, 336, 341–6, 347, 351; nature of relationship with Henry Garnet 2, 146, 147–8, 150, 151, 152, 338–44, 347–9, 350–3; correspondence with imprisoned Garnet (etched in orange juice) 2, 330–4, 336–9, 339n; birth 20, 44, 145; dowry 32, 91, 214–27, 232, 235, 236; dedicates life to English Jesuit mission 44, 140, 145, 354–6; suspects Thomas Tresham has put pressure on sister Elizabeth to become a nun in Rouen 91–2; death of Henry Vaux and 139, 140; character 146–7, 151, 343; health 146, 195, 347; escorts Garnet on travels 147–8; as gatekeeper to Garnet 150; assists Jesuit mission financially 153; measure of protection from prosecution 155, 156; household 165, 166–73, 182–96, 197; John Wilson dedicates translation of The Treasure of Vowed Chastity to 167, 211; chastity and virginity, daily life and 167–73; ‘Garnet’s Straw’ and 175, 331–3; 1591 raid and 192–6, 197, 198; ‘Jesuitess’ 211–14; brings lawsuit against Thomas Tresham 214–17, 227, 235, 236; Gerard and 245, 247, 249–50, 253; returns to Harrowden Hall, 1605 295; search of Hindlip, 1606, and 324, 325, 326, 328; follows Garnet to London, 1606 329, 330, 331, 333, 334; arrested, 1606 341–2; imprisoned in the Tower of London 341–6, 351; Garnet entrusts with instructions for the Jesuits 348; Garnet’s farewell to 348–9; Garnet’s execution and 350; released from prison 351; continues after death of Garnet to dedicate herself to mission 351–6; dedicatory epistles to 355–6; Residence of St Anne and 356
Vaux, Anne, née Green (wife of 1st Lord Vaux) 9
Vaux, Edward (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux): birth 21; at Rheims 95; death 112, 114, 224, 230
Vaux, Edward, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden (son of Eliza and George Vaux): Vaux title passes to 230, 255; military service 237; mother secures wardship of 255; education 255; marriage suit 265–7, 303, 362; Gunpowder Plot and 308, 309, 316; in Parliament 354; travels in Italy 356; refuses to take oath of allegiance 357–8, 359; tried and imprisoned 358–9, 358n; transferred to custody of Dean of Westminster 359; command of English regiment serving under Spanish banner in Flanders 359, 359n, 360; fight with Richard Knightley, 1625 360–1; sent to Fleet 361; takes oath of allegiance 361; English Civil War and 361; dies 361–2
Vaux/Knollys, Edward (probable son of Edward, 4th Baron Vaux) 258n, 362
Vaux, Eliza, née Roper (wife of George Vaux) 221, 235; possessor of ‘irresistible feminine passions’ xvii, 225; Gerard and xviii, 254, 255–60, 304, 305, 306, 312, 314–15, 316–17, 318, 319–20; marriage to George Vaux 112–13, 223; Thomas Tresham questions motives of 112–13, 223–4, 225–6; ransacking of house, 1611 178, 223, 356–7; feud with Thomas Tresham 221, 225–7, 229, 230–4, 235, 236, 253; first comes to Harrowden Hall, 1585 223, 230; family background 224–5; character and appearance 225; Ambrose Vaux and 225, 227, 229, 233, 236; death of husband and 230, 254–5; pursuit of Vaux patrimony 230, 254–5; seizes property in Irthlingborough 233; truce between Anne Vaux, Merill Vaux and 235; moves into Vaux house in Irthlingborough 254–7; secures wardship of son, Edward 254, 255; raid on Kirby Hall, 1599, and 257–8; move back to Harrowden Hall, 1599 258–9; protected by family connections 259–60; contribution to English mission 262; proselytising 262–4; letter to Agnes Wenman (Pray, for Tottenham may turn French) 265–6, 267, 285, 286, 294, 301–5, 307, 313, 315; marriage suit of son, Edward, and 265–7, 303; Gunpowder Plot and 286, 301–7, 308, 313–20; return to Harrowden Hall, 1606 356; finances affected by recusancy 356; sent to Fleet prison 357, 358, 358n, 359; released from prison 359; at Boughton (manor on the Vaux estate) 359, 360; death 361
Vaux, Elizabeth, née Beaumont (first wife of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) 19–20, 32, 40
Vaux, Elizabeth, née Cheney (wife of 2nd Lord Vaux) 11, 12
Vaux, Elizabeth (widow of William Wyborne, wife of Ambrose Vaux) 239–41
Vaux, Elizabeth (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) 20; dowry 32, 91, 92, 214; nun in France, 1582 46, 91–2, 94, 95, 102, 214
Vaux, Lady Elizabeth, née Howard (mistress, later wife of Edward, 4th Baron Vaux) 265, 303, 361, 362
Vaux, George (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) xvii, 21; assault on Henry Norwich, 1576, role in 39, 237; marriage 82, 224, 225; in France 97–8, 131; becomes Vaux heir 98, 215, 229; recusancy indictments 100; Ralph Miller and 104; marriage to Eliza Roper 112–13, 223, 225, 229, 231 see also Vaux, Eliza; Thomas Tresham and 112–13, 223, 229, 231, 272; Anthony Babington and 123–4, 128; death 254
Vaux, Henry, 5th Baron Vaux of Harrowden (son of George and Eliza Vaux) 356, 363
Vaux, Henry (son of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) xvii, 20; letter from Campion to, 1570 7–8, 24–7, 44–5; Edmund Campion as tutor to 7–8, 26, 45, 53, 139, 140; entrusted to care of maternal grandmother in Leicestershire 31, 43; poetry 38, 45, 75, 139; annuity 48; ventures to London 48; aids missionary priests 52–3; Campion mission into England and 56, 60; Edward Brooksby and 66; property conveyed to by father 92; relinquishes his inheritance 97–8; in Catholic underground 99, 100, 109–11, 137; recusancy indictments 100; Gratley and 105; as treasurer of Hoxton mission fund 109–11, 136; Babington and 112, 130, 131; Weston and 130; Garnet/Southwell mission and 135, 136, 137, 138; committed to the Marshalsea 138, 139; death 139–40, 230; legacy 140; sisters and 147, 153; enlargement of library at Harrowden Hall 258
Vaux, Joyce (daughter of George and Eliza Vaux) 150n, 316n, 356, 359
Vaux, Katharine (wife of Sir William Vaux, 1437–71) 9
Vaux, Katherine (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) 21, 91
Vaux, Katherine (daughter of George and Eliza Vaux, later Lady Abergavenny) 225, 356, 405
Vaux, Mary, née Tresham (second wife of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) xvii, 20–1, 82, 89, 90, 92, 102, 104, 113, 138, 230, 231, 233, 273, 295
Vaux, Merill (daughter of William, 3rd Baron Vaux) xvii, 3, 21, 28, 91, 100, 164, 232, 233, 235, 236, 273
Vaux/Knollys, Nicholas, ‘Earl of Banbury’ (probable son of 4th Baron Vaux) 361�
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Vaux, Sir Nicholas, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden 9–10, 15, 296n
Vaux, Thomas, 2nd Baron Vaux of Harrowden 10–12, 20, 134n
Vaux, William, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden xvii, 10; hounds and hawks, love of 3, 20, 40, 225; Campion on 7–8, 12; harbours Campion at Harrowden Hall, 1580 7, 8, 41, 62, 63, 67–8; birth and childhood 8, 12, 14–15, 16, 185; citation as a recusant, 1581 12, 31, 64–6, 76, 123; becomes third Lord Vaux on death of father 19; marries Elizabeth Beaumont and after her death Mary Tresham 19–20; finances 20, 32, 92–3, 229–30, 233–4, 235, 236; Parliament, attendance at 21–2, 30–2, 35, 36, 37, 61, 62–3, 75, 161, 229–30; grants the advowson of a church living to a ‘clarke’ who becomes a priest 24; subscribes to a statement of loyalty, November 1569 28; excommunication of Elizabeth I and 30; bill ‘for coming to the church, and receiving the Communion’ and 30–1; ties up estates in a series of trusts 32–3, 92; makes proviso for dowries of daughters 32–3, 91, 214; entrusts children to custody of grandmother Elizabeth Beaumont 32; Ridolfi Plot and 36–7, 162; assault on Henry Norwich, 1576, and 38–9; claims Harrowden Hall as ‘a parish by itself’ 64–5, 75; arrested and interrogated by Mildmay 73–4, 76–7, 78, 79, 80; Lady Montagu lectures on errors of his faith 78, 80–2, 148; committed to Fleet prison 79–83, 199; letter to Lady Montagu 80–2; Star Chamber trial 83–7; secret Masses in Fleet prison 89, 90; examination of over secret Masses 90–1; expense of recusancy 91, 92, 101; conveys property to son, Henry 92; letters to Morgan, Copley and Doctor Allen 95, 96; Henry Vaux’s inheritance and 98; release from Fleet and house arrest in Hackney 99, 100; ‘submissive declaration’ 100–1; 1585 petition and 107–8, 109; involvement in Hoxton missionary fund 109–11, 161, 273; exorcisms and 112, 113; Babington and 124, 128, 129, 131; as a potential insurgent 131, 161–2; raid on Hackney house, 1586, and 137–8; transferred to custody of Archbishop of Canterbury 156, 159; attends House of Lords, 1589 161; perilous financial position 161; would he have taken up arms against his countrymen? 161–2; named as friend of Philip II 162–3; George Vaux forfeits inheritance 224; Eliza Vaux and 225; Tresham and see Tresham, Thomas; appeals to Parliament for permission to sell land 229–30; death 230, 236
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