40 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 466.
41 Powell, The Tablet, 19 April 2012.
42 MTF: Margaret Thatcher visit to Camp David, 22 December 1984.
43 Ibid.
44 Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, 22 December 1984, p. 289.
45 James Baker interviewed for Thatcher: The Downing Street Years, BBC, 1993.
46 AC: Conversation with Al Regnery Jr., 1987.
47 Claire Berlinski, ‘There Is No Alternative’: Why Margaret Thatcher Matters, Basic Books, 2008, p. 289.
48 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 463.
49 MTF: Speech to Joint US Houses of Congress, 20 February 1985.
50 Campbell, The Iron Lady, p. 291.
51 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 392.
52 Aldous, Reagan and Thatcher, p. 194.
53 Smith, Reagan and Thatcher, p. 167.
54 Ibid.
55 Aldous, Reagan and Thatcher, p. 195.
56 Campbell, The Iron Lady, p. 293.
57 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 471.
58 Dale, Memories of Maggie, p. 144.
59 Margaret Thatcher interviewed for Thatcher: The Downing Street Years, BBC, 1993.
60 MTF: Press Conference at the British Embassy, Washington, DC, 15 November 1986.
61 Sunday Times 16 November 1986.
62 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 471.
63 AC: Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev.
64 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 479.
65 CAC: DOHP/115: Sir Bryan Cartledge, p. 56.
66 AC: Conversation with Carol Thatcher, 2000.
67 CAC: DOHP/115: Sir Bryan Cartledge, p. 56.
68 AC: Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev.
69 Ibid.
70 CAC: DOHP/115: Sir Bryan Cartledge, p. 56.
71 Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs, Bantam Books, 1997, p. 706.
72 Zamyatin, Kommersant Vlast, 4 May 2005.
73 Reagan, The Reagan Diaries, 7 December 1987, p. 555.
29 RUMBLINGS OF DISCONTENT
1 Margaret Thatcher interviewed for Thatcher: The Downing Street Years, BBC, 1993.
2 AC: Interview with Lord Carrington.
3 Ibid.: Interview with Lord Lamont.
4 Ibid.: Conversation with John Biffen, March 1986.
5 Thatcher and the Vegetables, Spitting Image, 1984–1996; see also Guardian, 10 April 2013.
6 The Times, 13 May 1986.
7 AC: Interview with Lord Butler.
8 William Waldegrave, Old Etonian Association Lecture, 28 February 2012.
9 Campbell, The Iron Lady, p. 445.
10 Observer, 17 February 1985.
11 Nigel Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 674.
12 Sunday Times, 13 October 1985.
13 New York Times, 20 December 1985.
14 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 430.
15 AC: Interview with Lord Brittan.
16 Interview with Michael Pattison, cited in Moore, Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1, p. 429.
17 AC: Interview with Lord Powell.
18 Ibid.
19 The Times, 4 January 1986.
20 Ibid., 3 January 1986.
21 Ibid., 7 January 1986.
22 Sun, 7 January 1986.
23 The Times, 7 January 1986.
24 Hansard, HC Deb 23 January 1986.
25 AC: Interview with Lord Brittan.
26 Ibid.
27 Hansard, HC Deb 29 October 1986.
28 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 467.
29 AC: Interview with Lord Brittan.
30 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 678.
31 The Times, 10 January 1986.
32 Young, One of Us, p. 452.
33 Clark, Diaries, 24 January 1986, p. 133.
34 Hansard, HC Deb 23 January 1986.
35 AC: Sir Bernard Braine to the author, 23 January 1986.
36 Ibid.: Interview with Lord Brittan.
37 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 471.
38 Ibid., p. 472.
39 AC: Interview with Lord Armstrong.
40 Hansard, HC Deb 27 January 1986.
41 AC: Interview with Winston Churchill in 1986.
42 Ibid.: Margaret Thatcher to the author, January 1987.
43 Ibid.
44 Ibid.
45 MTF: Interview with David Frost, TV-AM, 9 June 1985.
46 Voltaire, Candide, p. 7.
47 Daily Mail, 7 April 1986.
48 Hansard, HC Deb 23 January 1986.
49 Young, One of Us, p. 443.
30 INTO THE THIRD TERM
1 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 560.
2 The Times, 10 October 1986.
3 MTF: Speech to Conservative Party Conference, Bournemouth, 10 October 1986.
4 Ibid.
5 AC: Interview with Sir Bryan Cartledge.
6 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 576.
7 David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1987, Macmillan, 1988, p. 154.
8 Carol Thatcher, Below the Parapet, p. 244.
9 AC: Interview with Lord Young.
10 Ibid.
11 Tebbit, Upwardly Mobile, p. 333.
12 Michael Dobbs interviewed for Thatcher: The Downing Street Years, BBC, 1993.
13 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 584.
14 Ibid., p. 585.
15 Mark Hollingsworth, The Ultimate Spin Doctor: The Life and Fast Times of Tim Bell, Hodder & Stoughton, 1997, p. 175.
16 Dale, Memories of Maggie, p. 172.
17 AC: Interview with Lord Young.
18 Ibid.
19 AC: Conversation with Robert Carvel, 6 June 1987.
20 UK Polling Report, 1983–1987: www.ukpollingreport.co.uk.
21 Daily Telegraph, 21 May 1987.
22 AC: Willie Whitelaw to author, Paul Channon, Julian Amery and others, Bucks Club, 18 June 1987.
23 Carol Thatcher, Below the Parapet, p. 246.
24 MTF: Speech to Party Conference, Blackpool, 9 October 1987.
25 Lord Shawcross, Obituary, Daily Telegraph, 11 July 2003.
26 Hansard, HC Deb 25 June 1987.
27 Clark, Diaries, 19 July 1987, p. 168.
28 AC: Interview with Lord Baker.
29 Millar, A View from the Wings, p. 319.
30 Baker, The Turbulent Years, p. 275.
31 AC: Interview with Lord Powell.
32 Ibid.: Willie Whitelaw at Bucks Club, 18 June 1987.
33 Ibid.: Conversations with Willie Whitelaw.
34 Clark, Diaries, 26 January 1990, p. 276.
35 AC: Conversation with Nick Budgen, 28 June 1987.
31 TROUBLE WITH NIGEL LAWSON
1 AC: Interview with Lord Lawson.
2 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 382.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid., p. 697.
5 Ibid., p. 499.
6 Ibid., p. 500.
7 AC: Interview with Lord Burns.
8 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 501.
9 Ridley, ‘My Style of Government’, p. 201.
10 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 701.
11 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 789.
12 AC: Interviews with Lord Butler and Lord Griffiths.
13 Ibid.: Interview with Lord Lawson.
14 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 788.
15 Ibid., p. 794.
16 Ibid., p. 795.
17 AC: Interview with Sir Richard Evans.
18 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 705.
19 Hansard, HC Deb 10 March 1988.
20 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 799.
21 Ibid., p. 814.
22 MTF: Speech to Conservative Central Council, Buxton, 19 March 1988.
23 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 799.
24 Hansard, HC Deb 12 May 1988.
25 Ibid., 17 May 1988.
26 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 845.
27 AC: Conversation with Peter Morrison, December 1988.
28 David Hart, (unpublished) diaries, 26 October 1989.
29 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 850.
30 AC: Conversation with Nicholas Budgen, July 1988.
31 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 575; Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 704.
32 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 575.
33 Ibid., p. 576.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 704.
37 Lytton Strachey, Queen Victoria, Chatto & Windus, 1951, p. 185.
38 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 307.
39 AC: Interview with Lord Burns.
32 SWINGING TOWARDS EUROSCEPTICISM
1 HC Deb, 30 October 1990.
2 Sun, 28 April 1975.
3 Interview with Lord Ryder of Wensum, cited in Moore, Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1, p. 306.
4 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 538.
5 AC: Conversation Margaret Thatcher, Teddy Taylor and author, 26 June 1986.
6 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 741.
7 AC: Interview with Sir Ronald Grierson.
8 Margaret Thatcher interviewed for The Poisoned Chalice, BBC2, 1996, quoted in Campbell, The Iron Lady, p. 311.
9 AC: Interview with Lord Powell.
10 Guardian, 7 July 1988.
11 MTF: Interview for The Jimmy Young Programme, BBC Radio 2, 27 July 1988.
12 AC: off-the-record interview.
13 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 712.
14 Robin Renwick, A Journey with Margaret Thatcher: Foreign Policy under the Iron Lady, Biteback Publishing, 2013, p. 100.
15 AC: Off-the-record interview with senior FCO official.
16 Ibid.
17 AC: Interview with Bill Cash.
18 AC: Off-the-record interview with senior FCO official.
19 AC: November 1988.
20 Ibid.
21 AC: Conversation with John Biffen, 1980.
22 Independent, 9 June 1993.
23 AC: AC: Interview with Baroness Howe of Idlicote.
24 MTF: Speech to the College of Europe, Bruges, 20 September 1988.
25 Sir Michael Butler interviewed for The Poisoned Chalice, quoted in Campbell, The Iron Lady, p. 605.
26 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 538.
27 MTF: Speech to the Conservative Party Conference, Brighton, 14 October 1988.
28 AC: Conversation with Carol Mather, November 1986.
33 BOILING OVER ON EUROPE
1 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 538.
2 MTF: Speech to the College of Europe, Bruges, 20 September 1988.
3 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 917.
4 Ibid., p. 918.
5 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 749.
6 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 921.
7 MTF: Speech to European Election Rally, Nottingham, 12 June 1989.
8 The Times, 20 June 1989.
9 Ibid.
10 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 710.
11 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 579; Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 931.
12 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 712.
13 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 933.
14 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 712.
15 Ibid.
16 AC: Interview with Lord Powell.
17 Ibid.
18 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 582.
19 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 750.
20 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 582.
21 AC: Interview with Boris Johnson.
22 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 713.
23 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 583.
24 Ibid., p. 586.
25 Ibid., p. 587.
26 Ibid., p. 590.
27 AC: Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.
28 Sun, 26 July 1989.
29 AC: Comments by MPs, 31 July 1989.
34 EXIT THE CHANCELLOR, ENTER THE STALKING HORSE
1 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 755.
2 Daily Express, 30 October 1989.
3 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 714.
4 Ibid., p. 715.
5 Hansard, HC Debate 24 October 1989.
6 Ibid.
7 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 716.
8 Lawson, The View from No. 11, p. 961.
9 Ibid., p. 969.
10 David Cox (ed.), The Walden Interviews, LWT Boxtree, 1990, pp. 32–33.
11 Ibid., Margaret Thatcher, The Walden Interview, 29 October 1989, pp. 36–37.
12 AC: Winston Churchill to author, 13 November 1989.
13 Ibid.: Interview with Keith Hampson.
14 Ibid.: Ian Gow to the author, November 1989. See also 1 Samuel 22:2.
15 AC: Interview with Lord Garel-Jones.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
18 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, pp. 761–762.
19 Financial Times, 13 April 1913. See also David Marsh, The Euro: The Battle for the New Global Currency, Yale University Press, 2011, p. 216.
20 George R. Urban, Diplomacy and Disillusion at the Court of Margaret Thatcher: An Insider’s View, I.B. Tauris, 1996, p. 104.
21 AC: Interview with Lord Thomas.
22 Urban, Diplomacy and Disillusion, p. 128.
23 Financial Times magazine, Simon Kuper on ‘Thatcher Abroad’, 13 April 2013.
24 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 791.
25 The Spectator, 14 July 1990.
26 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 312.
27 AC: Margaret Thatcher to the author at Ian Gow’s funeral, 8 August 1990.
28 William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act III, Scene I.
35 COUNTDOWN TO THE COUP
1 George W. Bush and Brent Scowcroft, A World Transformed, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998, p. 352.
2 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 820.
3 Ibid., p. 823.
4 Ibid., p. 826.
5 Hansard, HC Deb 7 September 1990.
6 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, pp. 825–826.
7 Ibid., p. 824.
8 AC: Interview with Lord King.
9 Ibid.: King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud to the author, February 1992.
10 AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, 8 August 1990.
11 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 826.
12 The Times, 23 March 1990.
13 Ibid., 2 April 1990.
14 Ibid., 6 April 1990.
15 Ibid., 5 May 1990.
16 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 665.
17 Ibid., p. 666.
18 AC: Interview with Sir John Major.
19 MTF: Press conference in Downing Street, 5 October 1990.
20 Observer, 7 October 1990.
21 The Times, 17 October 1990.
22 AC: Interview with Lord Powell.
23 Financial Times, 29 October 1990.
24 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 767.
25 Hansard, HC Deb 30 October 1990.
26 John Major, The Autobiography, HarperCollins, 1999, p. 176.
27 Hansard, HC Deb 30 October 1990.
28 Ibid.
29 Geoffrey Howe, interview by Brian Walden, Weekend World, LWT, 3 September 1989.
30 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 833.
31 Hansard, HC Deb 30 October 1990.
32 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 645.
33 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 833.
34 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 645.
35 Major, The Autobiography, p. 177.
36 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 647.
37 Ibid., p. 648.
38 The Times, 2 November 1990.
39 AC: Geoffrey Dickens, 1 November 1990.
40 Howe, Conflict of Loyalty, p. 651.
41 James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (edited by George Birbeck Hill), Clarendon Press, 1971, p. 407.
42 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 834.
; 43 AC: Author’s recollection, 1 November 1990.
44 Hansard, House of Lords, Official Report, 10 April 2013. Death of a Member: Baroness Thatcher, Tributes.
45 Ingham, Kill the Messenger, p. 379.
46 The Times, 9 November 1990.
47 Ibid., 19 October 1990.
48 Hansard, 7 November 1990, vol. 180, col. 29.
49 Letter from Lord Acton, 1887, cited in Louise Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton, Vol. 1, Longmans, Green, 1904, p. 372.
50 AC: interview with Lord King.
51 Ibid.: Interview with Dame Jill Knight.
52 Major, The Autobiography, p. 179.
36 END GAME
1 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 838.
2 Hansard, HC Deb 14 June 1978.
3 Ibid., 13 November 1990.
4 Ibid.
5 Clark, Diaries, 13 November 1990, p. 347.
6 William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act III, Scene I.
7 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 839.
8 Hansard, HC Deb 13 November 1990.
9 AC: Interview with Gerald Howarth.
10 Ibid.: Michael Heseltine to the author, November 1990.
11 Wyatt, Journals, vol. 2, 20 November 1990, p. 394.
12 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 836.
13 AC: Remarks by Nicholas Budgen, 13 November 1990.
14 Clark, Diaries, 19 November 1990, pp. 354–355.
15 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 841.
16 The Times, 19 November 1990.
17 AC: Remarks by Peter Morrison, 21 November 1990.
18 Ibid.: Interview with Lord Powell.
19 Ibid.: Conversation with Peter Morrison, 22 November 1990.
20 Ibid.: Interview with Lord Powell.
21 Ibid.: Conversation with John Sergeant in Broadcasting House, 8 April. 2013; MTF: Margaret Thatcher remarks outside British Embassy Paris, 20 November 1990.
22 Carol Thatcher, Below the Parapet, pp. 263–264.
23 AC: 30 November 1990.
24 The Spectator, 6 November 1993.
25 AC: Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev and his interpreter, Pavel Palazchenko.
26 Cynthia Crawford interview, Maggie: The First Lady, Brook Lapping, 2003.
27 The author on Newsnight, BBC2, 13 November 1990.
37 EXIT
1 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 846.
2 Ibid., p. 847
3 Ibid., p. 849.
4 AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.
5 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 850.
6 AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.
7 Alan Clark, Diaries, 21 November 1990, p. 366.
8 AC: Remarks to Margaret Thatcher on 21 November 1990.
9 Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 850.
Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality Page 92
