Scobey, Joan, and Lee Parr McGrath. Celebrity Needlepoint. New York, 1972.
Selznick, Irene Mayer. A Private View. New York, 1983.
Shadegg, Stephen. Clare Boothe Luce: A Biography. New York, 1970.
Sheed, Wilfrid. Clare Boothe Luce. New York, 1982.
Sheen, Fulton J. Treasure in Clay: The Autobiography of Fulton J. Sheen. New York, 1980.
Smith, Jean Edward. Eisenhower in War and Peace. New York, 2012.
Sotheby’s. The Jewels and Objects of Vertu of the Honorable Clare Boothe Luce. Sotheby’s Auction Catalogue. New York, Apr. 19, 1988.
Stannard, Martin. Evelyn Waugh: The Early Years 1903–1939. London, 1986.
Stern, Michael. An American in Rome. New York, 1964.
Stone, Hicks. Edward Durell Stone: A Son’s Untold Story of a Legendary Architect. New York, 2011.
Storr, Anthony. Solitude. New York, 1988.
Sulzberger, C. L. A Long Row of Candles: Memoirs and Diaries, 1934–1954. New York, 1969.
Swanberg, W. A. Luce and His Empire. New York, 1972.
Taussig, Betty Carney. A Warrior for Freedom. Manhattan, Kans., 1955.
Taylor, A. J. P. Beaverbrook: A Biography. New York, 1972.
Veseth, Michael. Globaloney: Unraveling the Myths of Globalization. Lanham, Md., 2006.
Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York, 2008.
Wendt, Gerald, and Donald Porter Geddes, eds. The Atomic Age Opens. Cleveland, 1946.
ARTICLES
Algeo, John and Adele. “Among the New Words.” American Speech 65, no. 2 (Summer 1990).
“Ambassador Luce Takes Over.” Life, May 11, 1953.
“Arsenic for the Ambassador.” Time, July 23, 1956.
Barzini, Luigi. “Ambassador Luce, As Italians See Her.” Harper’s Magazine, July 1955.
Biskind, Morton S., MD. “DDT Poisoning and the Elusive ‘Virus X’: A New Cause for Gastro Enteritis.” American Journal of Digestive Diseases 16, no. 3 (1949).
“Clare Boothe Luce.” Family Circle, Feb. 1954.
Cohen, Sidney. “Complications Associated with Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25).” Journal of the American Medical Association 181, no. 2 (July 14, 1962).
Davis, Maxine. “Clare Luce—What She Is and Why.” Look, Jan. 25, 1944.
Delehanty, Thornton. “The Devil and Clare Bloothe Luce.” New York Herald Tribune, Mar. 14, 1948.
Dielke, Heinz. “She Is an ‘Old’ Berliner.” Berliner Zeitung, Sept. 20, 1957.
Fish, M. Steven. “After Stalin’s Death: The Anglo-American Debate over a New Cold War.” Diplomatic History 10, no. 4 (Fall 1986).
Foote, Timothy. “But If Enough of Us Get Killed Something May Happen …” Smithsonian 17, no. 8 (November 1986).
Gati, Charles. Council on Foreign Relations, “Hungary-Suez Crisis: Fifty Years On (Session 2).” Transcript Oct. 24, 2006.
“Globaloney Girl.” Collier’s, Mar. 27, 1943.
Harriman, Margaret Case. “The Candor Kid.” The New Yorker, Jan. 4 and 11, 1941.
———. “Or Would You Rather Be Clare Boothe?” Reader’s Scope, 1945.
Herzstein, Robert E. “Five Years with Henry Luce: Second Thoughts.” University of North Carolina Historian, Newsletter of the Department of History (Summer 1996).
Hoagland, Marjorie. “CBL.” Ave Maria, Nov. 7, 1953.
Lawrenson, Helen. “The Woman.” Esquire, Aug. 1975.
Luce, Clare Boothe. “Converts and the Blessed Sacrament.” Sentinel of the Blessed Sacrament, Nov.–Dec. 1950.
———. “God’s Little Underwater Acre,” parts 1–2. Sports Illustrated, Sept. 9 and 16, 1957.
———. “The Mystery of Our China Policy.” Plain Talk, July 1949.
———. “Thoughts on Mexico.” Vogue, Aug. 1950.
———. “The Foreign Service as an Arm of U.S. Policy.” Department of State Bulletin, May 11, 1953.
———. “The Real Reason,” parts 1–3. McCall’s, Feb., Mar., April 1947.
———. “Woman: A Technological Castaway.” Encyclopædia Britannica Yearbook 1973.
Mannes, Marya. “The Remarkable Mrs. Luce.” The Reporter, Feb. 9, 1956.
Medoff, Rafael. “Clare Boothe Luce and the Holocaust: A CT Congresswoman’s Fight for Justice.” http://www.jewishledger.com/2012/04/clare-boothe-luce-and-the-holocaust-a-ct-congresswomans-fight-for-justice/.
Mencken, H. L. “Decibels Hit Ceiling in Keynote-Night Din.” Baltimore Sun, June 22, 1948.
Owens, Joseph A. “Renewing Self in Simple Ways, Says Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce.” Catholic Transcript, Sept. 18, 1958.
Palmer, Gretta. “The Lady and the Lion—in One.” Catholic Digest, April 1953.
———. “The New Clare Luce.” Look, Apr. 15, 1947.
Pascone, Tere. “U.S. Doughboy Is ‘Great Hero’ of the War.” Bridgeport Post, Jan. 2, 1945.
Savoy, Maggie. “L’Ambasciatrice at Home Here.” Arizona Republic, Nov. 24, 1958.
Siff, Stephen. “Henry Luce’s Strange Trip: Coverage of LSD in Time and Life, 1954–68.” Journalism History 34, no. 3 (Fall 2008).
Smith, Beverly, Jr. “Things They Wish They Hadn’t Said.” Saturday Evening Post, Sept. 19, 1959.
Stace, Walter T. “Man Against Darkness.” Atlantic Monthly, Sept. 1948.
Sterling, Claire. “The Mess in Trieste.” The Reporter, Nov. 10, 1953.
Talmey, Allene. “Clare Boothe … in a Velvet Glove.” Vogue, Dec. 15, 1940.
Terrett, Virginia Rowe. “The Luce Touch.” The Woman, Nov. 1944.
Truscott, Lucian K., IV. “The Unsentimental Warrior.” Op-ed article. The New York Times, June 24, 2010.
White, Steven F. “De Gasperi Through American Eyes: Media and Public Opinion, 1945–1953.” Review of the Conference Group on Italian Politics and Society, no. 61 (Fall–Winter 2005).
INTERVIEWS
Letitia Baldrige, Sir Isaiah Berlin, Simon Michael Bessie, Ruth Buchanan, William F. Buckley, Jr., Dr. Hayes Caldwell, Lady Jeanne Campbell, Ann Charnley, Talbot B. Clapp (interviewed by Marion Elizabeth Rodgers), Richard and Shirley Clurman, Frances Brokaw Corrias, Fleur Cowles, Jean Dalrymple, Arthur B. Dodge, Jr., Father James Dodge, Dominick Dunne, Philip Dunne (interviewed by Edmund Morris), Elbridge Durbrow, Dorothy Farmer, Joan H. Fitzpatrick, Arlene Francis, Gladys Freeman, Mrs. John Hill, Yousuf and Estrellita Karsh, Henry Kissinger, Edward Koczak, Clare Boothe Luce, Henry Luce III, Leila Hadley Luce, Samuel Marx, Elisabeth Moore, Albert P. Morano, Elizabeth Navarro, John Richardson, Dr. Michael Rosenbluth, Norman Ross, Irene M. Selznick, John Shea, Wilfrid Sheed, Hugh Sidey, Philip Simpson, Evelyn Stansky, Claire Sterling, Michael Stern, David Sulzberger, Stan Swinton, Mae Talley, Mary Lois Vega, Walton Wickett, Helen Worth.
ELECTRONIC
Campbell, Kenneth J. “Charles A. Willoughby: A Mixed Performance.” Text of unpublished paper. American Intelligence Journal 18, no. 1–2 (1998). http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html.
INCOM footage, Apr. 22, 1953. Archivio Storico Luce website. www.archivioluce.com.
Longines Chronoscope, Oct. 24, 1952. National Archives Identifier 95791. http://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95791.
McNarney, Joseph T. Biography. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_T._McNarney.
Mountcastle, John W., Brigadier General, USA, Chief of Military History. “North Apennines 1944–1945.” U.S. Army Center of Military History website. http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/nap/72-34.htm.
Nordhausen. http://www.jewishgen.org/ForgottenCamps/Camps/MainCampsEng.html.
Prados, John. Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby. New York, 2003, 61. “Little Outside Information.” http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB206/.
Rimanelli, Marco. “Italy’s Diplomacy and the West: From A
llied Occupation in World War II to Equality in NATO, 1940s–50s.” http://fch.fiu.edu/FCH-1999/Rimanelli-1999.htm.
Ürményházi, Attila J. The Hungarian Revolution-Uprising, Budapest 1956. Hobart, Tasmania, Feb. 2006, 15. http://www.americanhungarianfederation.org/docs/Urmenyhazi_HungarianRevolution_1956.pdf.
MISCELLANEOUS
“Are Communism and Democracy Mutually Antagonistic?” Radio debate on The American Forum of the Air, Mutual Broadcasting System, May 21, 1946. Text published by the Catholic Information Society, New York.
Chamberlain, John. Unpublished profile of CBL for Time, ca. 1946, CBLP.
Croci, Osvaldo. “The Trieste Crisis.” PhD thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70276&local_base=GEN01-MCG02.
Luce, Clare Boothe. The Double Bind. Unpublished autobiographical novel, CBLP.
———. “Eisenhower Administration.” Columbia University Oral History interview with John Luter, Jan. 11, 1968. Columbia University, New York, 1973.
———, and Vernon A. Walters. History and the Nature of Man. Vernon A. Walters Lectures in History. United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., 1979.
Willis, Ronald Gary. “The Persuasion of Clare Boothe Luce.” PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 1993.
NOTES
ABBREVIATIONS
ACB Ann Clare Brokaw
CBL Clare Boothe Luce
DFB David Franklin Boothe
HRL Henry Robinson Luce
SJM Sylvia Jukes Morris
Unless otherwise cited, all interviews were conducted by the author.
1. DELAYED ENTRANCE
1. Bridgeport Telegram, Jan. 6, 1943; AP dispatch, Jan. 5, 1943. (Unless otherwise cited, Associated Press [AP] and United Press International [UPI] dispatches are in CBL’s scrapbooks, CBLP.) CBL was the twenty-eighth woman to be elected to the House of Representatives.
2. Greenwich Time, Jan. 5, 1943.
3. Albert P. Morano to SJM, Oct. 6, 1982, SJMP. In 1943, the House Office Building was not yet named after Speaker Nicholas Longworth.
4. Ibid.
5. Bridgeport Telegram, Jan. 6, 1943.
6. CBL to SJM verbally on several occasions. CBL also used the line to humorous effect in speeches.
7. CBL may have gone to see Bernard Baruch, her early political mentor and lover, who had a suite at the Carlton Hotel.
8. Unidentified scrapbook clipping, ca. Jan. 1943, CBLP.
9. AP dispatch, Jan. 5, 1943.
10. New York News, Jan. 6, 1943.
11. AP dispatch, Jan. 5, 1943.
12. Unidentified scrapbook clipping, Jan. 6, 1943, CBLP.
13. Bridgeport Telegram, Jan. 6, 1943.
14. Ibid.
15. Unidentified scrapbook clipping, ca. 1943, CBLP; Margaret Case Harriman, “The Candor Kid,” a two-part profile of CBL in The New Yorker, Jan. 4 and 11, 1941.
16. Unidentified scrapbook clipping, ca. 1943, CBLP.
17. The first female Representative was Jeanette Rankin. In her first term, 1917–1919, she was the only House member to vote against U.S. entry into World War I. She was defeated for reelection. Returning in 1941, she was the only electee to vote against entering World War II. She was again beaten in the next election. At age eighty-eight in 1968, Rankin led a group to the U.S. Capitol to protest the Vietnam War.
18. An assistant at Hattie Carnegie, where CBL shopped for clothes in the early 1940s, said she was “unstylish” and “a little frumpy,” but “caught on quickly” to fashion advice. Evelyn Stansky interview, Apr. 5, 1988. By 1947, CBL was also patronizing Valentina and Bergdorf Goodman.
19. Eleanor Roosevelt in “My Day,” Washington Daily News, Dec. 21, 1938, and to CBL, Jan. 19, 1939, CBLP. Also see Sylvia Jukes Morris, Rage for Fame: The Ascent of Clare Boothe Luce (New York, 1997), 336.
20. Morris, Rage for Fame, 393–96.
21. New Haven Courier, Jan. 19, 1943.
22. The following account of CBL’s pre-congressional life summarizes the detailed narrative in Morris, Rage for Fame.
23. Ibid., 42 and 51–52.
24. Ibid., 101.
25. Ibid., 114.
26. Ibid., 188–89.
27. Ibid., 3–13, 290–95, 365–68.
28. Ibid., 323–24 and 351–56.
29. Ibid., 397.
30. Ibid., 421.
31. Virginia Rowe Terrett, “The Luce Touch,” The Woman, Nov. 1944.
2. GLOBALONEY
1. James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (New York, 1970), 305; Bridgeport Life, Jan. 9, 1943, commented that CBL had an objective, nonpartisan attitude toward FDR, unlike Dr. Austin, who invariably opposed him.
2. Burns, Roosevelt, 307.
3. Ibid., 307.
4. New York Herald Tribune, Jan. 22, 1943.
5. The New York Times, Jan. 13, 1943; unidentified scrapbook clipping, ca. 1943, CBLP.
6. Ibid.
7. Letitia Baldrige, A Lady, First: My Life in the Kennedy White House and the American Embassies of Paris and Rome (New York, 2002), 98–99.
8. John Billings diary, Jan. 15, 1943, JBP.
9. Wes Bailey to Joe Thorndike, Jan. 28, 1943, CBLP.
10. Ibid.
11. HRL to CBL, Nov. 22, 1937, CBLP.
12. Morris, Rage for Fame, 388.
13. Greenwich Time, Jan. 19, 1943.
14. Notes and transcripts, Jan.–May 1943, NAMC.
15. During the Casablanca conference, FDR told his son Elliott that the Pacific war was partly due to the greed of British, French, and Dutch colonists competing in Asia for resources Japan also needed.
16. Sun Herald scrapbook clipping, Jan. 31, 1943, CBLP.
17. The housing shortage was acute, because as many as five thousand young women a month, mainly typists, were arriving in D.C. to fill government office jobs. Since Pearl Harbor, civilian employees of the armed services had grown from seven thousand to forty-one thousand. David Brinkley, Washington Goes to War (New York, 1988), chapter 5. Isabel Hill was a blue-blooded Southerner. Joan Hill Fitzpatrick to SJM, Mar. 15, 1988, SJMP.
18. Bridgeport Post, Mar. 19, 1944.
19. Isabel Hill memo to CBL, Nov. 19, 1942, CBLP; The New Yorker, Feb. 4, 1943; John Chamberlain, draft profile of CBL for Life, unpublished transcript, 1946, JBP (hereafter “Chamberlain CBL profile”); Maxine Davis, “Clare Luce—What She Is and Why,” Look, Jan. 25, 1944.
20. Dr. Austin lost the 1940 election by 953 votes.
21. Albert P. Morano interview, Oct. 6, 1981. William F. Buckley, Jr., said that Morano was “the most deliberate man I’ve ever met in my life.” William F. Buckley, Jr., interview, Sept. 8, 1983. “Globaloney Girl,” Collier’s, Mar. 27, 1943, remarked that CBL “might even get to be president.”
22. CBL to Alice Basim, Jan. 31, 1943, ABP. Alice married Dr. Austin in Sept. 1939. She was thirty-one, and he was sixty-two. He died in Jan. 1942, and she married Donald S. Basim in July 1949.
23. Letitia Baldrige, who worked for CBL in the 1950s, said that she could “be crying on the outside and laughing on the inside.” Letitia Baldrige interview, Mar. 15, 1988.
24. Morris, Rage for Fame, 402–04.
25. Marilyn Bender and Selig Altschul, The Chosen Instrument: Juan Trippe, Pan Am: The Rise and Fall of an American Entrepreneur (New York, 1982), 375–76.
26. Time, Feb. 22, 1943, reported on the Democrats’ expectation re China.
27. The following quotations are taken from “ ‘America in the Post-War Air World: Be Practical—Ration Globaloney,’ by Clare Boothe Luce, Congresswoman from Connecticut. Delivered in the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., Feb. 9, 1943,” Vital Speeches of the Day (New York, 1943), 331–36.
28. CBL to Professor Martha Weisman of the Department of Speech, City College of New York, Aug. 25, 1971, on how best to impress an audience.
29. The idea that the world would
be shrunk by universal air travel was not new. Wendell Willkie, after losing the 1940 presidential election to FDR, had flown thirty-one thousand miles around the earth in forty-nine days to talk with ordinary citizens, as well as civilian and military leaders in many countries. “The net impression of my trip,” he wrote in a subsequent book, “was not of distance from other peoples, but of closeness to them … the world has become small and completely interdependent.” Wendell Willkie, One World (New York, 1943), 1–2. Willkie briefed the President and broadcast a summary of his travels to an audience of thirty-six million, saying, “There are no distant points in the world any longer.” A chorus of listeners applauded his words, CBL among them. Steve Neal, Dark Horse: A Biography of Wendell Willkie (New York, 1984), 260–61.
30. The Churchill words that CBL parodied were, “We mean to hold our own. I did not become His Majesty’s first minister in order to preside over the liquidation of the British Empire.”
31. Eleanor Roosevelt press conference, Feb. 11, 1943, unidentified scrapbook clipping, CBLP.
32. Tim Page, ed., The Diaries of Dawn Powell (South Royalton, Vt., 1995), 213. In a letter to a Mr. Miller on Nov. 1, 1944, Powell described CBL as “such a dreary, totally one-dimensional insignificant creature.” A copy of this letter was given to SJM by Powell’s biographer, Tim Page. John Billings recorded that the main news at the Luce offices was of Mrs. Luce, and at a University Club lunch, “All the talk was of post-war aviation and who’s going to get the air lanes.” John Billings diary, Feb. 10, 1943, JBP.
33. Dorothea Philp memo to CBL, ca. Mar. 15, 1943, CBLP.
34. William P. Simm of Scripps-Howard, quoted in Time, Feb. 22, 1943.
35. Dorothea Philp memo to CBL, ca. Mar. 15, 1943, CBLP; Saturday Review, Feb. 20, 1943.
36. CBL to Alice Basim, Mar. 23, 1943, ABP. Notwithstanding the criticism leveled at CBL’s coinage in 1943, globaloney entered the language, and achieved a new application in the “globalized” 1990s. See John and Adele Algeo, “Among the New Words,” American Speech 65, no. 2 (Summer 1990), and Michael Veseth, Globaloney: Unraveling the Myths of Globalization (Lanham, Md., 2006).
37. Quoted in Stephen Shadegg, Clare Boothe Luce (New York, 1970), 68.
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