26 ATF, ‘Through Judy’s Eyes’, unpublished MS, ATF Papers, Sussex.
27 RK, ‘His Majesty the King’, Wee Willie Winkie, 1890.
28 AF to Stanley Baldwin, 27 March 1945, Baldwin Papers, Sussex, quoted by Lycett, RK.
29 ‘That boy again’, Pioneer, 5 December 1885.
30 JLK, Pioneer, 9 May 1870.
31 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory, 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
32 Col. A. R. D. Mackenzie, Mutiny Memoirs.
33 Pioneer, 30 January 1865.
34 Sir Alfred Lyall, ‘The Anglo-Indian Novelist’, first published in the Edinburgh Review, October 1899, afterwards reprinted in his Studies in Literature and History, 1915.
35 Pioneer, 28 February 1882 and 26 October 1882. Meadows Taylor was the author of Confessions of A Thug; Tara: A Mahratta Tale; Ralph Darnell; and The Fatal Amulet. G. H. Keene had published Under the Rose: Poems Written Chiefly in India; The Death of Akbar and Other Poems; Peepul Leaves: Poems Written in India; and Poems Original and Translated. General Sir George T. Chesney had written A True Reformer; The Dilemma: A Tale of the Mutiny; Indian Polity; and The Private Secretary. The High Court judge Sir Henry S. Cunningham was best known for his Chronicles of Dustypore: A Tale of Modern Anglo-Indian Society. The administrator, statistician and historian Sir William Hunter wrote extensively on a wide range of subjects.
36 RK, ‘My First Book’, reprinted in KJ, March 1960.
37 His friend and patron Harry Rivett-Carnac asserts in his autobiography that George Allen asked him to find a Bombay correspondent ‘in my Bombay days’, which suggests a much earlier date than 1870. However, the phrase could still be applied to Rivett-Carnac’s time as Commissioner of Cotton and Commerce in Allahabad, since his duties frequently took him down-country to Bombay.
38 JLK, Pioneer, 30 May 1870.
39 JLK, Pioneer, 30 June 1873.
40 JLK, Pioneer, 10 May 1870.
41 RK, in his polemical (and much disliked) poem ‘The Islanders’, 1902.
42 JLK, Pioneer, 17 February 1876. The last sentence Rudyard recycled a decade later in declaring that ‘Providence created the maharajas to offer mankind a spectacle’.
43 JLK, Beast and Man in India.
44 JLK, Pioneer, 8 August 1870.
45 JLK, Beast and Man in India.
46 Lord Reay to Lord Dufferin, 7 September 1884, Dufferin Papers MSS. Eur. F130/42e, APAC, BL.
47 Sir W. W. Hunter, England’s Work in India.
48 JLK, Pioneer, 1 August 1870.
49 AK to Mrs Rivett-Carnac, Nassik 28 August 1870, JLK Papers, Sussex.
50 Quoted in Charles Eliot Norton’s Foreword to the US edition of PTH, 1890.
51 Florence Macdonald, ‘Some Memories of My Cousin’, KJ, July 1938.
52 J. H. Rivett-Carnac, Many Memories.
53 G. Terry, letters to Director of Public Instruction, PWD No. 146 of 1874, dated 2 September 1874, and PWD No. 111 of 1875, dated 19 May 1875. Although dating from a period after Rudyard had been removed from Bombay, the letters illustrate the unhealthy conditions in which the Kiplings were living in 1871.
3: ‘A double death’: Southsea and Lahore, 1871–7
1 Hannah Macdonald, Diaries, Baldwin Papers, Sussex, quoted in Pinney, ‘Rudyard Kipling’s First English Residence’, in KJ, December 1985.
2 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
3 The letter was in relation to an exhibition of Indian sculpture at the South Kensington Museum and is referred to in A. W. Baldwin, The Macdonald Sisters, 1960.
4 ATF, letter to Stanley Baldwin, 27 March 1945, Baldwin Papers, Sussex, quoted in Lycett, RK.
5 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, recorded at the BBC on 17 April 1947, subsequently published in KJ, December 1947.
6 Ibid.
7 For example, Judith Flanders in her otherwise faultless A Circle of Sisters, 2001.
8 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, recorded at the BBC on 17 April 1947, subsequently published in KJ, December 1947.
9 Ibid.
10 Sir Gilbert Murray, Unfinished Autobiography.
11 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, recorded at the BBC on 17 April 1947, subsequently published in KJ, December 1947.
12 Mrs Hannah Macdonald, Diaries, Sussex, quoted in Lycett, RK.
13 ATF in a letter to Lord Birkenhead, Birkenhead, RK.
14 ATF, in a discussion at a Kipling Society meeting, in KJ, June 1937.
15 Miss Florence Macdonald, ‘Some Memories of My Cousin’, in KJ, July 1938.
16 ATF in a letter to Lord Birkenhead, Birkenhead, RK.
17 Mrs Georgie Burne-Jones to Mrs Caroline Kipling, 21 May 1907, RK Papers, Sussex.
18 Stanley Baldwin, quoted by his son A. W. Baldwin, The Macdonald Sisters.
19 William Yeldham, writing as ‘Aliph Cheem’, from ‘Twaddle’, Lays of Ind.
20 George Aberigh-Mackay, ‘The Grass-Widow in Nephelogoccygia’, Twenty-One Days in India.
21 RK, SM.
22 The Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava, Our Viceregal Life in India.
23 Extracts from Lahore as it was and is are given in H. R. Goulding, Old Lahore: Reminiscences of a Resident, 1924, based on articles for the CMG. See also F. A. Underwood, ‘Lahore as it Was’, KJ, December 1970.
24 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
25 RK, SM.
26 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
27 Ibid.
28 JLK, Pioneer, 1 November 1875.
29 ATF to Mrs Caroline Kipling, 29 November 1936, JLK Papers, Sussex, quoted in Judith Flanders, A Circle of Sisters.
30 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875 –1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
31 Lord Derby, in Andrew Roberts, Salisbury.
32 Lord Salisbury, in Andrew Roberts, Salisbury.
33 Ibid.
34 JLK to Edith Plowden, Simla, undated, JLK Papers, Sussex.
35 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
4: ‘One school of many’: United Services College, Westward Ho!, and Bikaner House, Lahore, 1877–82
1 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
2 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, recorded at the BBC on 17 April 1947, subsequently published in KJ, December 1947.
3 RK, SM.
4 C. G. Beresford, ‘Kipling – Some Early Influences’, by ‘McTurk’, in KJ, April 1928.
5 RK, ‘An English School’, first published in The Youth’s Companion, October 1893, afterwards in Land and Sea Tales for Scouts and Guides, 1923.
6 Lorraine Price, ‘Uncle Crom: Kipling’s friendship with Crom Price’, KJ, March 1994.
7 L. C. Dunsterville, ‘Stalky’s School-Days’, KJ, September 1932.
8 AK to Cormell Price, January 1878, quoted by Lycett. See also KJ, March 1865, and Baldwin Papers, Sussex.
9 G. C. Beresford, ‘The Veritable Kipling’, KJ, April 1930.
10 RK, ‘The Last Term’, Stalky & Co., 1899.
11 C. G. Beresford, School-Days with Kipling.
12 Oscar Wilde in his review of PTH, in The Nineteenth Century Magazine, September 1891.
13 G. C. Beresford, School-Days with Kipling.
14 Maj. Gen. L. C. Dunsterville, ‘Stalky’s School-Days’, in KJ, September 1932.
15 RK, SM, 1936.
16 G. C. Beresford, School-Days with Kipling.
17 Undated letter quoted in Arthur Baldwin, The Macdonald Sisters.
18 ATF, Notes, Kipling Papers, Sussex.
19 Edith Plowden, ‘Fond Memory 1875–1910’, unpublished MS, Baldwin Papers, Sussex. According to Miss Plowden, ‘Rudyard finished the poem in 1880 at my request when we were together at Warwick Gardens’.
20 RK, ‘Overheard’, S
choolboy Lyrics, 1881.
21 RK, ‘The Dusky Crew’, Schoolboy Lyrics, 1881.
22 Mrs Edmonia Hill, note accompanying RK’s letters, RK Papers, Sussex.
23 When RK presented a copy of his Echoes to the masters’ common room at USC in 1885 he inscribed the following verses in the fly leaf:
Placetne, Domini? – in far Lahore
I await your verdict, ’mid the palms and roses
Much as I did in those judgements writ of yore
Upon my ‘proses’.
24 RK to Mrs John Tavernor Perry, USC 9 March 1882, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol I.
25 C. G. Beresford, School-Days with Kipling.
26 G. C. Beresford, ‘Schoolboy Lyrics and Juvenilia’, in KJ, October 1928.
27 This famous observation was contained in a letter written at what is today Keats Grove, Hampstead, on 21 December 1817. The key passage runs: ‘At once it struck me what quality went to form a Man of Achievement, especially in Literature, and which Shakespeare possessed so enormously – I mean Negative Capability, that is, when a man is capable of being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason.’
28 RK to W. C. Crofts, Lahore 18-27 February 1886, Dalhousie University, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
29 Most notably Birkenhead, RK, and, more stridently, Martin Seymour-Smith, Rudyard Kipling, 1989.
30 RK, ‘Ballad of the King’s Daughter’, probably written in 1882, set down in Sundry Phansies, MSS in the New York Public Library, collected in Rutherford, Early Verse. Oscar Wilde’s ‘Ode to the King’s Daughter’ had appeared a year earlier.
31 RK, ‘Parting’, set down in Sundry Phansies, MSS in the New York Public Library, collected in Rutherford, Early Verse.
32 RK, ‘The Story of Paul Vaugel’, Sundry Phansies, MSS in the New York Public Library, collected in Rutherford, Early Verse.
33 AK to Edith Plowden, Lahore, wrongly dated 18 November 1880 but written over a period of days in November 1879, JLK Papers, Sussex.
34 ATF, to Col. C. H. Milburn, KJ, December 1942.
35 T. H. Thornton and J. L. Kipling, Lahore: A Historical and Descriptive Note.
36 AK to Edith Plowden with a postscript by JLK, Lahore 18–24 November 1879, JLK Papers, Sussex.
37 JLK to Edith Macdonald, Violet Hill, Simla, autumn 1881, JLK Papers, Sussex.
38 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, recorded at the BBC on 17 April 1947, subsequently published in KJ, December 1947.
39 RK, ‘An English School’, St Nicholas Magazine in October 1893, collected in Land and Sea Tales for Scouts and Guides, 1923.
40 Carrington, RK.
41 AK to Edith Plowden, Lahore 18 December 1881, JLK Papers, Sussex.
42 AK to Edith Plowden, Lahore 13 March 1881, JLK Papers, Sussex.
43 AK to Edith Plowden, Lahore 28 April 1881, JLK Papers, Sussex.
44 Sir Cooper Lethbridge, in Journal of the East India Association, Vol. V, 1914.
45 JLK to Edith Plowden, Lahore 30 June 1882, JLK Papers, Sussex.
46 The playwright Sir Terence Rattigan claimed that it was his grandfather, Sir William Rattigan, who originally hired RK, but the Allen family has a better authenticated claim. In support of family tradition, the telegram was confirmed by Mrs Edmonia Hill, ‘The Young Kipling: Personal Recollections’, Atlantic Monthly, CLVII, 1936, and by William M. Carpenter, ‘“Kipling about” in London for a Week: by a Hustling American’, in KJ, October 1928.
47 C. G. Beresford, School-Days with Kipling.
48 Ibid.
49 RK, ‘On the Strength of a Likeness’, CMG, 10 January 1887, collected in PTH, 1888.
50 RK, transcribed into Notebook 1, RK Papers, Sussex, collected in Rutherford, Early Verse.
51 C. G. Beresford, School-Days with Kipling.
5: ‘As a prince entering his kingdom’: Lahore and Simla, 1882–3
1 RK, ‘Letters of Marque’, 1888.
2 RK, SM.
3 A hybrid word originating in Bombay and derived from the Hindustani word for a squash-rackets court, gend-khana or ball-house.
4 RK, SM.
5 Ibid.
6 AK to Edith Plowden, Lahore 24 February 1883, JLK Papers, Sussex.
7 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, KJ, April 1948.
8 ATF to Col C. H. Milburn, ‘The Homes of Rudyard Kipling’, KJ, December 1942.
9 RK, ‘A Morning Ride’, Notebook 1, RK Papers, Sussex, collected in Rutherford, Early Verse. According to a note by RK in his Notebook 1, it was ‘Published in the Englishman with one howling misprint’. It has still to be located, and may predate ‘A New Departure’, CMG, 29 March 1883.
10 RK, SM.
11 RK to Cormell Price, Lahore 30 December 1882, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters Vol. I.
12 Kay Robinson, ‘Rudyard Kipling in India’, Pearson’s Magazine, June 1896.
13 JLK to Edith Plowden, Lahore, undated 1883, JLK Papers, Sussex.
14 RK, SM, 1936, but see also his less gracious tribute in ‘My First Book’, reprinted in KJ, March 1960.
15 Kay Robinson, ‘Rudyard Kipling in India’, Pearson’s Magazine, June 1896.
16 RK to Rev. George Willes, Lahore 17 November 1882, Dalhousie University, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
17 RK to Crom Price, Lahore 30 December 1882, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
18 RK to Edith Macdonald, Lahore 14–17 August 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
19 JLK to Edith Plowden, Lahore, undated but early 1883, JLK Papers, Sussex.
20 JLK to Edith Plowden, Lahore, undated but early 1883, JLK Papers, Sussex.
21 JLK to Edith Plowden Lahore, 1 May 1882, JLK Papers, Sussex.
22 The Bengal Civilian Thomas Bignold spoke for many when he published an anonymous poem praising his forebears for their ‘taming’ of India and criticising Ripon and Ilbert for their shortsightedness. Only when Indians were Anglicised and Christianised should they be given judicial and political responsibility:
When truth and learning flourish
Loved for themselves alone;
When, last and best, this darkened land
Our holy faith shall own:
Then may we share the fortress
We have held six hundred years;
For India will be Britain,
And her sons a Briton’s peers.
‘Our Peers’, afterwards published posthumously in Leviora: being the Rhymes of a Successful Competitor, 1888.
23 Something of his early life is told in Charles Allen, Soldier Sahibs.
24 RK, ‘A New Departure’, in CMG, 29 March 1883, signed ‘The Other Player’. Collected in Scrapbook 1, RK Papers, Sussex, and in Rutherford, Early Verse.
25 RK to Cormell Price, Lahore 1 June 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I, 1990.
26 The final compromise solution allowed European defendants to have the right to claim trial by a jury made up of at least half European members. The bill came into force on 25 January 1884.
27 RK, ‘Lord Ripon’s Reverie’, CMG, 15 September 1884.
28 RK to Edith Macdonald, Lahore 12–13 June 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
29 Edward J. Buck, Simla Past and Present.
30 A German term misappropriated by the British in India to describe a wife living apart from her husband.
31 RK, ‘Garm – a Hostage’, first published in Actions and Reactions, 1909.
32 RK to Edith Macdonald, Lahore August 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
33 Charles T. French, Journal of a Tour of Upper Hindustan.
34 Lady Balfour (ed.), Personal and Literary Letters of Robert, First Earl of Lytton, quoted in Pamela Kanwar, Imperial Simla.
35 RK, Kim, 1900.
36 Benmore was subsequently sold to the Government of the Punjab and in 1888 became the Civ
il Secretariat.
37 RK, DD.
38 RK, ‘Out of Society’, Pioneer, 4 July 1885.
39 RK, ‘Possibilities’, Pioneer, 19 July 1885.
40 RK, SM.
41 Sir Walter Lawrence, The India we Served.
42 Captain H. Hayes, Among Men and Horses.
43 Edward J. Buck, Simla Past and Present.
44 RK, SM.
45 George Allen had himself initially been seduced by Madame Blavatsky’s extraordinarily powerful persona, afterwards appearing in Sir Edward Buck’s account as ‘Mr. A.’ This humiliation may help to explain his intense dislike for Allan Octavian Hume. The full story is set down in Buck, Simla Past and Present.
46 Allan Octavian Hume to Lord Ripon, January 1883, Ripon Papers, Add, MSS 43616, APAC, BL, quoted in Martin Briton, New India 1885: British Official Policy and the Emergence of the Indian National Congress, 1969.
47 Edward J. Buck, Simla Past and Present.
48 RK, ‘Miss Youghal’s Syce’, in CMG, 25 April 1887, collected in PTH, 1888.
49 Jacob apparently showed Sir Edward Buck papers which convinced him that he had acted ‘as a secret agent in Government in certain circles’. Buck presumably told as much to RK. Buck, Simla Past and Present.
50 RK to Edith Macdonald, Lahore, 14–17 August 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
51 RK to Mrs James Walker, ‘In Memoriam July–August 1883’, August–September 1883, Morgan Library, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
6: ‘The seething city’: Lahore and the Family Square, 1883-4
1 RK to Edith Macdonald, in a verse letter entitled ‘At the End of a Year’, December 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
2 RK to Edith Macdonald, Lahore 14–17 August 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
3 RK to Cormell Price, Lahore 29 August 1883, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
4 RK to W. C. Crofts, Lahore 14 November 1883, RK Papers, Sussex, Library of Congress, collected in Pinney, Letters, Vol. I.
5 RK, ‘The Dassera Festival’, in CMG, 2 October 1883, collected in Scrapbook 1, RK Papers, Sussex.
6 ‘A Hustling American’, ‘“Kipling About” in London for a Week’, in KJ, October 1928.
7 RK, SM.
8 ATF, ‘My Brother Rudyard Kipling’, BBC 17 April 1943, subsequently published in KJ, December 1947.
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