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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The writing of this book has involved research across numerous disciplines and resulted in many debts of gratitude. My first acknowledgment must be to the scholars and writers who have preceded me, without whom my task would have been so much more onerous. I am indebted in particular to Professors Alan Frost and George Mackaness for their invaluable historical works. I am also transparently indebted to the magnificent naval novels of Patrick O’Brian, the delightful Bath novels of Jane Austen, the insightful analysis of early Sydney by Grace Karskens and the considerable body of work on the Georgian navy and its history by Professor NAM Rodger.
Those writers and scholars provided the bedrock but I could not have attempted to take Phillip’s story further without the assistance of the numerous librarians who answered my requests for books, journals and historical records ranging over three centuries. Foremost was Debbie Bennett from the Law Courts Library, Sydney who kindly procured many materials for me. I am also much indebted to the staff of the State Library of New South Wales, the National Library of Australia, the National Archives, Kew, the National Library of South Africa, Cape Town and the Library of the Royal Australian College of Physicians.
Museums as well as libraries were a considerable source of information and inspiration. I never ceased to be impressed by the unfailing patience, courtesy and assistance shown to me by the many curators who attended to my queries and requests. Like Patrick O’Brian, I can say that ‘I never turned to any learned society, any library or any scholar without receiving the most generous and disinterested assistance’. Principal among those who gave me such generous assistance were Myra Stanbury from the Department of Maritime Archaeology at the Western Australian Museum, Pieter van der Merwe and Dr Kevin Fewster from the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, Kieran Hosty from the Australian National Maritime Museum, Tanya Sladek and Sandy Ingleby from the Australian Museum, Dr Clare Brown from the Victoria and Albert Museum and Joy Kremmler and Laurie Benson from the National Gallery of Victoria. My thanks also go to the many staff from the Museum of London; the Fashion Museum, Bath; the National Portrait Gallery, London; the Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth; the Museum of Sydney; and the Slave Lodge Museum, Cape Town who attended to my enquiries. The models of the first fleet ships at the Museum of Sydney created by Lynne Hadley and her husband Ray are of matchless beauty and attention to detail.
At a more particular level, I owe numerous individual debts. On questions of French maritime exploration and Anglo–French rivalry in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, I received valuable direction and guidance from Ib Barko, Professor Ed Duyker, Pierrelouis Berard, Myra Stanbury and Dr Clive Probyn. On the culture and fashion of eighteenth-century England, Dr Sophie Gee graciously gave me the benefit of her knowledge and expertise. On Jane Austen and her era, Dr Susannah Fullerton, President of the Jane Austen Society of Australia, was my touchstone. On Bath in general, and Phillip’s house in Bennett Street, Sir Roger Carrick, Richard Pavitt and Pauline Lyle-Smith kindly provided muc
h assistance and information. On St Nicholas’ Church at Bathampton, Robin Donald was my guide. On the present value of sums of money in Georgian England, David Feetham of Gresham Securities generously provided me with calculations and explanations, as did Ian Maxton of Nomura Securities. On the politics and personality of Lord Sydney, Andrew Tink shared with me his knowledge.
On traditional methods of navigation and sailing in the Atlantic Ocean, Philippe Odouard gave me the benefit of his remarkable firsthand experience. On the botany of Sydney Harbour, Professor David Mabberley and Doug Benson from the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust informed and assisted me. On Aboriginal anthropology, Denise Donlon and John Ralston gave me the benefit of their accumulated knowledge and showed me their treasured artefacts. On issues of naval and military ordnance, armaments and gunfounding, Paul Duffy answered my questions and gave me access to his considerable library. On eighteenth-century silverware, Victoria Greene was my oracle. On spear wounds in classical Greece, Dr Christopher Allen, George Harris and Dr Robert Harper shared their knowledge of Homer. On matters of colonial architecture, James Broadbent and Howard Tanner provided inestimable assistance. On issues of forensic pathology and naval medical techniques in the eighteenth century, Dr Michael Kennedy and Professor Jo Duflou instructed me. On the effects of stroke, Dr Stuart Renwick advised me.
As well as being able to have recourse to persons possessing individual expertise on diverse subjects, I was privileged to have access to a number of substantial private libraries, including the naval library of Dr James Renwick and the early Australian history library of Ms Sue Snepp. Noel Dan also gave me access to his private collection of original letters, including letters between Phillip and Sir Charles Middleton. Among the many friends whom I besieged with queries, Diccon Loxton, George Harris, Anna Clark and Stuart Read never failed to assist. As for research, I was fortunate to have the services at all times of the highly skilled Dr Joanna Penglase, whose expertise far exceeds my own. I simply could not have written the book without her. Other clever and capable researchers who provided assistance included Kevin Tang, Christopher Parkin, Edward Einfeld and Katherine McCallum. In London, Lynne Leveson generously carried out research for me at the National Archives, Kew. Lyn Ferguson also deserves special mention. She shared her enthusiasm for the subject and generously supplied me with copies of several letters that were the product of her own research in the National Archives. And my parents, as always, provided valuable commentary and support.
From the outset, my publisher Pam Brewster has shown unswerving faith in the project and contributed dozens of inspired textual suggestions. She has skilfully guided the book to completion with consummate professionalism. Penny Mansley’s editing was insightful and searching. She pushed me quietly and persistently to go deeper and closer to the bone. Nadia Backovic designed the superb jacket, for which I am immensely grateful. And Dale Campisi improved the final product with his careful copy-editing. My friend and agent, James Erskine, has smoothed the way forward in every respect with his renowned expertise. And Sue Page, my personal assistant for so many years, has done more than could have been expected, without complaint or demur. She knows how grateful I am. When the end was in sight, Geraldine Brooks, Simon Winchester, NAM Rodger, Geoffrey Robertson QC and Michael Parkinson all kindly agreed to read the book in proof form. I was surprised and delighted by their generosity and will remain indebted to each of them. Finally, my wife Gillian, to whom this book is primarily dedicated, has travelled with me from the beginning. I am fortunate to have had the benefit of her counsel, on this book and everything else – always wise, usually right and invariably loving.
CONVERSION TABLE
acre = 0.404 hectares
degree (°) = 1/360 of the circumference of a circle
fathom = 1.82 metres or 6 feet
foot = 0.305 metres
gallon = 4.55 litres
knot = 1 nautical mile per hour
league = 1/20 of a degree or 3 nautical miles
mile = 1.61 kilometres
minute = 1/60 of a degree
nautical mile = 1 minute of latitude or 1.852 kilometres
ounce = 28.35 grams
pound = 0.45 kilograms
ton = 1.016 tonnes
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Copyright © Michael Pembroke 2013
A Cataloguing-in-Publication entry is available from the catalogue of the National Library of Australia at www.nla.gov.au
Arthur Phillip: Sailor, Mercenary, Governor, Spy
eISBN 9781743580660
Publisher: Pam Brewster
Cover and text design: Nada Backovic
Digital editor: Hannah Koelmeyer
Arthur Phillip Page 30
