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Notes
Abbreviations
BOA: Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives). Istanbul, Turkey.
EI2: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Edited by P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, and W. P. Heinrichs. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
EI3: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Edited by Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, and Everett Rowson. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
G-SICIL: Gaziantep Şeriye Sicilleri (Gaziantep Sharia Court Registers). National Library, Ankara, Turkey.
İA: İslam Ansiklopedisi (Encyclopedia of Islam). Edited by M. Th. Houtsma. Istanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1940–1986.
TDVİA: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (Turkish Religious Foundation Encyclopedia of Islam). Istanbul: TDVİA Genel Müdürlüğü, 1988–2012.
TSMA: Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Arşivi (Topkapı Palace Museum Archive). Istanbul, Turkey.
Chapter 1: The Russian Concubine
1. Quoted in Young, Constantinople, 135.
2. Ives, Life, 296.
Chapter 2: Abduction
1. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:102n1; Hammer, Histoire, 5:487.
2. Isom-Verhaaren, “Royal French Women,” 174.
3. The term “Ruthenia” has shifted over time with regard to the regions it refers to.
4. Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 109–110; Yermolenko, “Roxolana in Europe,” 53.
5. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:102.
6. Valensi, Birth, 12–17.
7. Busbecq, Letters, 28,
8. Neşri, Cihân-Nümâ, 1:32–33.
9. Ibn Battuta, Travels, 2:454.
10. Uluçay, Padişahların kadınları, 30–31.
11. Inalcık, Economic, 284.
12. Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 112.
13. Fisher, “Muscovy,” 580–582.
14. Ibid., 580.
15. Abrahamowicz, “Roksolana,” 543.
&nb
sp; 16. Evliya, Seyahatname, 5:213–214.
17. Quoted in Kizilov, “Slave Trade,” 1.
18. Golden, “Codex,” 40.
19. Fisher, “Muscovy,” 583.
20. Evliya, Seyahatname, 7:527.
21. Hrushevsky, History, 160.
22. Bennigsen and Lemercier-Quelquejay, “Marchands,” passim.
23. Fisher, “Muscovy,” 585; Kizilov, “Slave Trade,” 13–14.
24. Kizilov, “Slave Trade,” 13–14.
25. Quoted in Fisher, “Muscovy,” 585.
26. Yermolenko, “Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse,” 234.
27. Kołodziejczyk, Crimean Khanate, 87.
28. Fisher, Crimean Tatars, 27–28.
29. Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 114.
30. Twardowski, Legation, 225.
31. Abrahamowicz, “Roksolana,” 543.
32. Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 114.
33. Yermolenko, “Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse,” 234.
Chapter 3: In the Old Palace
1. The map was published by Giovanni Andrea Vavassore from an older print. Necipoğlu, Architecture, 6.
2. TSMA, E 10292.
3. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:78.
4. Seng, “Fugitives,” 138–139.
5. Ibid., 160–162.
6. Spandouginos, Origins, 224.
7. Inalcık, Economic, 284.
8. Dernschwam, Diary, 186.
9. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 15.
10. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:101.
11. Ibid., 3:101.
12. BOA, D 8030, f. 1b.
13. Uluçay, Padişahların kadınları, 39.
14. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:108.
15. Ibid., 3:108.
16. Angiolello, Historia, 128.
17. Ko, Every Step, 85–88.
18. Withers, Serraglio, 300.
19. Postel, République, 33.
20. Bassano, Costumi, chaps. 15, 17.
21. Necipoğlu, Architecture, 159–162.
22. Campis, Records, 44.
23. Necipoğlu, Architecture, 160.
24. Postel, République, 32.
25. Kafesçioğlu, Constantinopolis, 214–216.
26. Sertoğlu, Paşalar, 5.
27. Sumner-Boyd and Freely, Strolling, 39.
28. Angiolello, Historia.
Chapter 4: The Politics of Motherhood
1. BOA, D 8030.
2. The first years of the 1520s were plague years in which the disease returned in naturally repeating waves (Nükhet Varlık, personal communication, May 26, 2016). See also Hammer, Histoire, 5:20.
3. Angiolello, Historia, 128.
4. Barkan, Istanbul, 7ff.
5. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:102.
6. Angiolello, Historia, 128.
7. For more on birth control, see Chapter 7.
8. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:78, 96.
9. Ibid., 3:102.
10. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 15.
11. Hammer, Histoire, 5:63.
12. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:78.
13. On the execution, see Danişmend, İzahlı, 2:5; Peirce, Imperial Harem, 85.
14. Peirce, Imperial Harem, 85.
15. Finkel, Osman’s Dream, 98.
16. Ibid., 100–103.
17. Gökbilgin, “Süleyman,” 100.
18. Hammer, Histoire, 5:10.
19. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:58.
20. Sanuto, Diarii, 25:352.
Chapter 5: Lovers and Parents
1. Sanuto, Diarii, 41:534–535.
2. Veinstein, “Süleyman.”
3. Inalcık, “Istanbul.” Inalcık emphasizes that estimates vary widely.
4. Other children may have died in infancy and not entered the historical record.
5. Alberi, Relazioni, 1:74–75.
6. Finkel, Osman’s Dream, 117, 122.
7. TSMA, E 5662 (also in Uluçay, Osmanlı sultanlarına, 29–33).
8. Thanks to Robert Dankoff for his invaluable help with translation and interpretation.
9. TSMA, E 5426.
10. Tezcan, Tılsımlı gömlekler, passim.
11. Again, thanks to Robert Dankoff for sorting out this passage.
12. See Chapter Three, 35.
13. TSMA, E 5426.
14. Sanuto, Diarii, 42, quoted in Hammer, Histoire, 5:87n1.
Chapter 6: Roxelana’s Rival
1. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:102.
2. Ibid., 102.
3. BOA, D 743, D 8030.
4. Uluçay, Haremden mektuplar, 36–40.
5. Angiolello, Historia, 69–70.
6. Reindl, Bayezid, 77.
7. Sakaoğlu, Kadın sultanları, 141, 148.
8. BOA, D 8030, f. 2a.
9. Seng, “Standing,” 204.
10. Celalzade, Selim-nâme, 336.
11. Uluçay, “Notlar,” 231.
12. Uluçay, Manisa’daki Saray-ı Amire.
13. Sanuto, Diarii, 29:549.
14. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:103.
15. Ibid., 103.
16. Ibid., 102.
17. Alberi, Relazioni, 1:74–75.
Chapter 7: Coming of Age
1. See Peirce, Imperial Harem, 36–37, for the probable concubine status of Orhan’s consort Nilufer, mother of his successor, Murad I.
2. Menavino, Libri, 134.
3. Reindl, Bayezid, 77. Seven of the princes were Bayezid’s sons; the other (Oğuz Han) was Cem Sultan’s.
4. Yelçe, “Evaluating,” 77–79.
5. In fact, the original plan was to include all Suleyman’s sons, but Bayezid was withdrawn (ibid., 87); a possible explanation is that Roxelana was pregnant at the time and she might (as she did) give birth to another son to anchor another circumcision celebration with Bayezid.
6. This account of the festival relies on Hammer, Histoire, 5:139–145 (drawing on Ottoman historians Celalzade Mustafa, Ibrahim Peçevi, Solakzade Mehmed, and others). Other sources differ on the date of the festival opening (e.g., June 1, July 27).
7. Richardson, Renaissance Monarchy, 41ff.
8. Yelçe, “Evaluating,” 93.
9. Peçevi, Tarih, 1:116.
10. Sanuto, Diarii, 57:632–633.
11. Alberi, Relazioni, 1:13.
12. Musallam, Sex, chap. 1 (“Why Islam permitted contraception”).
13. Ibid., 61ff.
14. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:101.
15. Celalzade, Geschichte, 239b–240a.
16. Peçevi, Tarih, 1:127.
17. Sanuto, Diarii, 56:263–264.
18. Alberi, Relazioni, 1:29.
19. Peçevi, Tarih, 1:131; Solakzade, Tarih, 2:181.
20. Finkel, Osman’s Dream, 106.
21. Busbecq, Letters, 118.
22. Alberi, Relazioni, 1:360.
Chapter 8: A Queen for the New Palace
1. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 13.
2. Alberi, Relazioni, 1:52–53.
3. Necipoğlu, Architecture, 162–163, 261.
4. BOA, Maliyeden Müdevver 5633.
5. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:48.
6. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 5.
7. Hathaway, “Eunuchs,” passim; Ringrose, Perfect Servant, passim.
8. Angiolello, Historia, quoted in Miller, Sublime Porte, 91.
9. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 13.
10. Babinger, “Bassano.”
11. Dursteler, Venetians, passim.
12. Tavernier, Relation.
13. Düzdağ, Fetvalar, 55.
14. Public Record Office (UK), S.P. 102/61/237.
15. Necipoğlu, Architecture, xi.
16. Necipoğlu, Architecture, xi and passim.
17. Ibid., 32, plate 10.
18. Bobovius, Mémoire, f. 278.
19. Canaye, Voyage, 64–72, 237–240.
20. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:116–117.
21. Necipoğlu, Architecture, 85.
22. Solakzade, Tarih, 268–269 [1879].
23. Necipoğlu, Architecture, 189.
24. Ibid., 184–190.
25. Ramberti, T
urchi, 135.
26. Miller, Sublime Porte, 66.
27. Ibid., 70.
28. Neşri, Cihân-Nümâ, 2: 710–711.
29. Pakalın, Deyimleri, 3:331.
30. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 13.
31. BOA, D 8030, fs. 1b, 2a.
32. BOA, Cevdet Saray 1834; Maliyeden Müdevver 774.
33. Charrière, Négotiations, 1:470.
34. Rozen, History, 204–205.
35. Uluçay, Osmanlı sultanlarına, 33.
36. Andrews and Kalpaklı, Age, 243.
37. See chap. 5 for Joseph; Potiphar is the king whose wife lusted after Yusuf.
38. Andrews and Kalpaklı, Age, 243: The letters vav and ya together can connote “alas,” a play on the usual cry for help, “Muslims, come to my aid!”
39. Havlıoğlu, “On the Margins,” passim.
40. Andrews and Kalpaklı, Age, 35.
Chapter 9: The Two Favorites
1. Hammer, Histoire, 5:228.
2. Solakzade, Tarih, 189.
3. Report of Genoese Bank of St. George, in Miller, Sublime Porte, 93–94.
4. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 15.
5. Busbecq, Letters, 49.
6. In modern Turkish, cadı; in Ottoman orthography, cadu.
7. Sariyannis, “Ghosts,” passim.
8. Pakalın, Deyimleri, 1:253.
9. Ostling, “Witchcraft,” 497, passim.
10. Pakalın, Deyimleri, 1:253.
11. Kuru, “Representations,” 495.
12. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:101–102.
13. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 15.
14. Hammer, Histoire, 5:211.
15. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 14.
16. Bassano, Costumi, chap. 15.
17. Quoted in Sakaoğlu, Kadın sultanları, 163.
18. Uzunçarşılı, Osmanlı Tarihi, 2:358; the Turkish word for “job” can also mean “trick.”
19. Although the phrase “mad arrogance” is von Hammer’s (Histoire, 5:229), it fits well with the depiction of Ibrahim in the television series.
20. Mustafa `Ali, Künh, 122b; Ayvansarayı, Garden, 365.
21. Ayvansarayı, Garden, 31–32.
22. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:103.
23. Gökbilgin, “Ibrahim,” 5/2:908.
24. Turan, “Marriage,” 8.
25. Ibid., 11–12; Uzunçarşılı, “Kanuni,” passim.
26. Alberi, Relazioni, 3:95.
27. Ibid., 3:102–103.
28. Ibid., 3:104.
29. Ibid., 3:116.
30. Ibid., 3:103.
31. Peçevi, Tarih, 1:63.
32. Turan, “Marriage,” passim; Uzunçarşılı, “Kanuni,” passim.
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