But what of the first element? How does one suppress things that are already part of the public record, even if that record is for a relatively small public, such as the professional community of scientists or scientific historians?
Lyne’s answer to this question is hidden in his – for once – well-documented though brief history of the aether, and it is worth citing his remarks at length:
After some difficulty, I accessed a copy of the classic, A History of the Theories of the Aether and Electricity, by Sir Edmund Whittaker (1951 revised and enlarged second edition, Vols. I and II). The 1910 first edition of this book was probably the most comprehensive book ever published on ether theory as it existed in 1910, but the 1951 revision merely clarified “acceptable” ether physics. The first edition was printed in Scotland, under the title A History of the Theories of the Ether and Electricity, from the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century. The second edition incorporated “new material” related to quantum mechanics. Classical theory was in Vol. I, while Vols. II and II gave the origins of relativity and quantum theory up to 1926. Neither the 1910 first edition nor the 1951 revision mentioned Tesla, but the chronological sequence appeared to be “skewered” in the revised edition, with little or no attempt to point out what the scientists were actually aiming at….62
That is, two effective tactics in suppression of the public record are simply to scramble the chronological sequence of, and delete the practical motivations behind, the theory in question.
A third tactic is evident in a later remark:
Though it was said by Whittaker that the Hall Effect, like the magnetic rotation of light, occurs only in ponderable bodies and not in the “free ether”, this statement was patently false, since the effect actually depends on the conductivity of a medium. This was a definite lie on Whittaker’s part, probably “required” under the 1951 revision. The fact that the effect occurs in “ponderable bodies” and “conductive media” however, is all-important for electropropulsion, since it shows the reaction between such bodies and media and the underlying “etheric framework” which is accessed in the process.63
In other words, when all else fails, simply lie, or leave out part of the truth. Note also that Lyne is clearly implying that Whittaker was “required” to do so, i.e., that some pressure was exerted on him. This fact will become much more significant, since one of Whittaker’s early 1903 papers was one of the founding papers of “scalar” physics, a nonlinear form of aether physics, as we shall see in a subsequent chapter. Whittaker and the two editions of his classic history of the aether is thus a pivotal though (to the general public) still largely unknown figure in the story.
At any rate, Lyne concludes that “Whittaker’s 1951 edition intentionally skewered important facts concerning electropulsion….By reorganizing Whittaker’s material into more proper order, I discovered much ‘new’ (‘old’) documentation, that 19th century scientists were in pursuit of electropropulsion.”64
(1) Lyne’s History of Aether Physics
In order to appreciate Lyne’s version of the Two Space Programs Hypothesis fully, it is necessary to see its centerpiece – the work of Nikola Tesla and its alleged continuation under the Nazis – within the wider context of the reconstruction of “aether physics” that Lyne undertakes. Accordingly, this section will perhaps seem somewhat long and perhaps a bit technical. Nevertheless, it is essential to Lyne’s argumentation that Tesla was an aether physicist par excellence.65 As Lyne puts it, “It was my intent to examine known theory leading up to Tesla, to see what he contributed to their discoveries, and to determine what happened since that time to obscure, misinterpret and ultimately conceal it.”66
Central to this reconstruction is the work of 19th century physicist J.J. Thomson, discoverer of the electron.
Thomson had theorized, based on Maxwell’s earlier theory – that a charged spherical conductor moving in a straight line must produce displacement current in the medium (Phil. Mag. Xi (1881), p. 229). In 1893, twelve years later, he claimed to have discovered “electromagnetic momentum”, saying “… in an electromagnetic field there is stored in every unit volume an amount of mechanical momentum, proportional to the vector product of the electric and magnetic vectors.” (J.J. Thomson, Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism [ 1893], p. 13.) Thomson also was said to have developed the theory of moving tubes of forces – which harked back to Faraday’s earlier work – saying in 1891 that molecular structure is closely connected with tubes of electrostatic forces, with magnetism regarded as a secondary force. He stated that “…the aether itself is the vehicle of mechanical momentum, of amount (1/4 π C) [D-B] per unit volume.” (Phil. Mag.xxxi [1981], p. 149; Recent Researches in Electricity and Magnetism [1893], chap. 1).67
Note that the basic motivation for the experiment, and the basic discovery or theory, is that of electropropulsion or momentum. And this, claims Lyne, is the single unifying factor of much 19th and early 20th century experimentation.68
But chronologically and empirically, this makes no sense, as Lyne points out, and with this next observation, the central figure of his version of the Two Space Programs Hypothesis arrives on the scene: Nicola Tesla:
J.J. Thomson’s theory, which linked electromagnetism with momentum in a mathematical and unified way, on paper, somewhat repeated Tesla’s earlier lecture of 1891, proven by his earlier experiments, but Tesla’s theory was different from Thomson’s whose theory was incorrect. Thomson’s electromagnetic momentum could be created instantaneously only with Tesla’s contrivances, which existed before Thomson’s “discovery”, only in Tesla’s laboratory, so there is no way that Thomson could have reduced “his” theory to practice or experimentally verified it.69
Equally important to Lyne’s argument that electrical momentum and propulsion was a central unifying motivation to the scientific pursuits of the 19th century, was the work of another Thomson, this time William Thomson (Lord Kelvin).70
Lord Kelvin asserted in 1856 in the prestigious Proceedings of the Royal Society71 that magnetism possessed rotational characteristics that were bound up with the heat and thermal motions of a body. Kelvin’s work is significant precisely because Tesla “made many references…to his work as a prelude to his own discoveries and applications.”72 By 1870, Kelvin had performed some experiments that, as Lyne summarizes them, “seemed to indicate that ‘gravitation action’ could be induced by spheroidal bodies oscillated by electrical currents or mechanical pulses.”73
Then came a more provocative discovery.
(Kelvin) found that ponderomotive forces act between two solid bodies immersed in an incompressible fluid, when one of the bodies is immobilized and made to oscillate with a force which acts along a line between its center and that of a much larger sphere which is free. The free sphere was attracted to the small (immobilized) sphere, if its density was greater than the fluid, while a sphere of less density than the fluid was repelled or attracted, according to the ratio of its distance to the vibrator in relation to a certain quantity.74
Lord Kelvin’s experiments were expanded upon by C.A. Bjerknes between the years 1877 and 1910.
Bjerknes showed that when two spheres immersed in an incompressible fluid were pulsated, they exerted a mutual attraction which obeyed Newton’s inverse square law if the pulsations were in phase, while if the phases differed by a half wave, the spheres repelled. At one quarter wave difference, there was no action. Where pulses were non-instantaneous at distances greater than a quarter wavelength, attractions and repulsions were reversed.75
Note again that the motivation of the experiment is the investigation of the inertial and gravitational properties of the aether via an analogical experiment of spheres in an incompressible fluid. Likewise note an even more important fact, one whose importance, again, will become apparent in the chapter examining “scalar physics,”76 the behavior of the spheres is due to the fact of longitudinal waves in the medium, in this case, the incompressible fluid.77
It is in this wider context that we now come to the centerpiece of Lyne’s reconstruction of physics and his version of the Two Space Programs Hypothesis: the work of Nicola Tesla, and what Lyne believes was its hidden and ultimate motivation all along. As Lyne points out, the articles he cites in Occult Ether Physics were available to Tesla “during his student days at the Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria.”78 Moreover, Tesla’s admiration for and use of Lord Kelvin’s work in his own experiments is well known.
Nikola Tesla is almost the raison d’etre of suppressed physics. No other single scientist or engineer has contributed so much to modern society and culture and yet, no other scientist or engineer has been subject to such a “long and thorough eradication of (his) name from encyclopedias and books on science, invention and technology” to the extent of Tesla.79 So thorough has this been that he is almost “the ‘invisible man’ of science history.”80
The conspicuous vacuum created where the mention of Tesla should have been, as one who made such important contributions to science, technology, and the quality of our lives, raises ominous questions as to why his memory became virtually stricken from history almost the day after his death. What did Tesla discover which threatened the powers that be? Since we already know about the many patented inventions, my assumption has always been that the unknown, still classified works were far in advance of the published ones, and were in realization of projects which Tesla had previously announced or had already tested and developed, but had not yet “…given to the world.”81
These inventions and ideas, “the very existence of which is categorically denied by establishment and corporate scientists,”82 were, according to Lyne, centered on five things:
1. exotic flying machines based on electrodynamic propulsion methods;
2. discoveries implying that that energy could be extracted from the medium, or environment;
3. transmutation of the chemical elements;
4. an “alternative ‘ether’ physics and science”;
5. Tesla’s “Dynamic Theory of Gravity.”83
Lyne believes that the first of these elements was the real unifying motivation to much of Tesla’s lifelong research, particularly in his later years, and the other four elements were made in aid of the first.
Citing an article in the September 22, 1940 edition of the New York Times by William L. Laurence, Lyne notes that Tesla claimed to have discovered a new force which he called the “teleforce.” Expanding on his famous Colorado Springs experiments, Tesla explored this force in discoveries and experiments between 1900 and 1940, claiming to have found a new way to create waves in the atmosphere, a “’new’ way to create a ‘very great electrical force,’” as well as a new way to magnify that force, and a new means of electrical propulsion.84 Indeed, Tesla had maintained this vision of an electrical flying machine since the 1870s, when it first occurred to him as a student. Lyne observes that it was to realize this machine that was the reason Tesla “said he originally entered the field of electrical science in 1875 in the first place.”85 In other words, Lyne believes that the creation of an electrical flying machine is the unifying theme and ultimate motivation of all of Tesla’s life’s work.
In a lecture in 1938, Tesla stated that the central theory of all the above five elements – his “dynamic theory of gravity” – had been worked out by 1893.86 In that lecture, Tesla referred to two significant discoveries that he planned to “give to the world” when he had completed “his secret developments.”87 Those two discoveries, according to Lyne, were the Dynamic Theory of Gravity and idea of “environmental energy,” i.e., the idea that “there is no energy in matter other than that received from the environment.”88
Lest Tesla’s assertions be thought to be merely quirky restatements of relativity, it must be remembered that
Tesla considered his theory wholly inconsistent with the theory of relativity, and with the modern theory concerning the structure of the atom and the mutual interconversion of matter and energy. Tesla continuously attacked the validity of Einstein’s work; and until two or three years before his death he ridiculed the belief that energy could be obtained from matter.89
In a certain sense this is due to Tesla’s habit of thinking in terms of nineteenth century aether physics, but in another, it is due to the nature of the discoveries he was making since his Colorado Springs experiments, discoveries that took him into the most avante garde areas.
While clearly derived from his Colorado Springs experiments, Tesla’s Dynamic Theory of Gravity did not get any public airing until that 1938 lecture, given to the Institute of Immigrant Welfare on May 12, 1938. This, in Tesla’s own words, is all that is publicly known of that theory:
During the succeeding two years (1893 and 1894) of intense concentration I was fortunate enough to make two far reaching discoveries. The first was a dynamic theory of gravity, which I have worked out in all details and hope to give to the world very soon. It explains the causes of this force and the motions of heavenly bodies under its influence so satisfactorily that it will put an end to idle speculation and false conceptions, as that of curved space….
Only the existence of a field of force can account for the motions of the bodies as observed, and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion. So are all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the ether and the indispensable function it plays in the phenomena.
My second discovery was of a physical truth of the greatest importance. As I have searched the entire scientific records in more than a half dozen languages for a long time without finding the least anticipation, I consider myself the original discoverer of this truth, which can be expressed by the statement: There is no energy in matter other than that received from the environment.
…. It applies rigorously to molecules and atoms as well as to the largest heavenly bodies, and to all matter in the universe in any phase of its existence from its very formation to its ultimate disintegration.90
The idea of “environmental energy” may seem obscure, but the radical nature of Tesla’s assertion may be appreciated if one considers his lifetime’s preoccupation: electricity. What Tesla is in effect saying through his (always) carefully chosen language is that in any electrical circuit or conductor, it is not so much the power “source” that produces the power, but rather that such a source, along with the parameters of the circuit itself, is an open system transducing power from the medium. This is a revolutionary statement to make, especially in 1938.
But there is a hint of Tesla’s advanced views on the aether and what his “dynamic theory” of gravity may have entailed, if his 1938 statements are viewed in the wider context of previous developments in general and especially the experiments of Lord Kelvin in particular. This is his clear allusion to the motion of heavenly bodies and to the fact that his twin observations are scale invariant, i.e., applicable to all sizes of matter from atomic to planetary scales. Thus it would seem that Tesla appears to be viewing the aether in not only a dynamic sense, but as a structure of rotation, of vortices.91 These are significant indicators that Tesla was already thinking in terms of higher order topologies than relativity theory.92
To see Tesla as a conventional 19th century aether physicist in his late life is, however, to massively distort the picture. Tesla wrote an unpublished article toward the end of his life called “Man’s Greatest Achievement,” in which he states some very unusual, very new, and, as it turns out, very old,93 views of the aether:
Long ago (man) recognized that all perceptible matter comes from a primary substance, or a tenuity beyond conception, filling all space, the Akasa or lumeniferous ether, which is acted upon by the life-giving Prana or creative force, calling into existence, in never ending cycles, all things and phenomena. The primary substance, thrown into infinitesimal whirls of prodigious velocity, becomes gross mat
ter; the force subsiding, the motion ceases and matter disappears, reverting to the primary substance.
Can Man control this grandest, most awe-inspiring of all process in nature? …
If he could do this, he would have powers almost unlimited and supernatural….He could alter the size of this planet, control its seasons, guide it along any path he might choose… He could cause planets to collide and produce suns and stars…
To create and to annihilate material substance… would be the supreme manifestation of the power of Man’s mind, his most complete triumph over the physical world, his crowning achievement, which would place him beside his Creator, make him fulfill his ultimate destiny.94
As will be seen in chapter five, Tesla’s views eerily echo those of “scalar” physicist Tom Bearden.95 Tesla’s view of the aether shows his thinking to be far from the inert and static aether of nineteenth century physicists, or even the kind of aether envisioned by Max Planck and other physicists, who envisioned a quasi-hydro dynamic aether that was “drug along” with planets. As this passage makes clear, Tesla envisioned it as a transmutative aether analogous to electrical carriers “immersed in an insulating fluid” whose properties varied according to the local environment.96
But what does all this mean?
Here, it is best to cite Lyne’s catalogue of Tesla’s own statements, followed by Lyne’s own summary of their implications. Lyne assembles a series of quotations by Tesla to demonstrate eight points:
SS Brotherhood of the Bell: The Nazis’ Incredible Secret Technology Page 11
