178. Iremonger, Love and the Princesses, p. 154.
179. Stuart, Daughters of George III, p. 182.
180. Iremonger, Love and the Princesses, p. 154.
181. Stuart, Daughters of George III, p. 182.
182. Ibid., pp. 178–79.
183. Yorke (ed.), Letters of Princess Elizabeth, p. 86.
184. Ibid.
185. Stuart, Daughters of George III, p. 185.
186. Knight, Autobiography, II, p. 139.
187. Stuart, Daughters of George III, p. 188.
188. Ibid., p. 185.
189. Ibid., p. 187.
190. Yorke (ed.), Letters of Princess Elizabeth, p. 94.
191. Stuart, Daughters of George III, pp. 196, 187.
192. Yorke (ed.), Letters of Princess Elizabeth, p. 319.
193. Stuart, Daughters of George III, pp. 191, 198.
194. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 264.
195. Aspinall (ed.), Letters of George IV, II, p. 184.
196. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 288.
197. Ibid., pp. 294–96.
198. Stuart, Daughters of George III, pp. 123–24.
199. Ibid., p. 125.
200. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 296.
201. Ibid., p. 298.
202. Princess Elizabeth to Lady Harcourt, 9 September 1818, Harcourt Papers, VI. See also Yorke (ed.), Letters of Princess Elizabeth, p. 89.
203. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 298.
204. Ibid.
205. Princess Royal to Lady Harcourt, 1 April 1817, Harcourt Ms.
206. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 291.
207. Bury, Lady in Waiting, II, p. 92.
208. Stuart, Daughters of George III, p. 244.
209. Hedley, Queen Charlotte, p. 294.
210. Ibid., p. 303.
211. Ibid., p. 304.
212. Princess Royal to Lady Harcourt, 22 March 1819, Harcourt Papers, VI.
213. Yorke (ed.), Letters of Princess Elizabeth, p. 88.
214. Anon., Court and Family, p. 434.
215. Macalpine and Hunter, George III, p. 170.
216. Hibbert, George III, p. 407.
217. Macalpine and Hunter, George III, p. 170.
218. Aspinall (ed.), Letters of George IV, II, p. 298.
219. Anon., Court and Family, p. 445.
220. Hibbert, George III, p. 410.
221. Black, George III, p. 410.
222. Stuart, Daughters of George III, p. 64.
223. Ibid.
224. Ibid., p. 66.
225. Ibid.
Picture Section
George I: ‘ordinarily neither cheerful nor friendly, dry and crabbed’ (oil on copper, after Godfrey Kneller, c. 1714).
Sophia Dorothea of Celle: a high-maintenance beauty married to an undemonstrative man (mezzotint, by William Faithorne Jr, after Johann Kerseboom, early 18th century).
George II: passionate, forthright, irritable, but with ‘fewer sensations of revenge … than any man who ever sat upon a throne’ (oil on canvas, by or after Thomas Worlidge, c. 1753).
Queen Caroline: clever, energetic, managing, and said to possess the best bosom in Europe (oil on canvas, by Jacopo Amigoni, 1735).
Frederick, Prince of Wales: ‘I think this is a son I need not be much afraid of ’ (oil on canvas, by Philip Mercier, 1736).
Augusta, Princess of Wales: admired by her husband for her apparently obedient, docile nature – ‘that all-consenting tongue,/that never puts me in the wrong’ (oil on canvas, attributed to William Hogarth, c. 1736).
Prince George and Prince Edward with their tutor Francis Ayscough: an image of learning at its most chilly and severe (oil on canvas, by Richard Wilson, c. 1749).
John, 3rd Earl of Bute: tall, dark and brooding, the earl displays to advantage the legs of which he was so proud (oil on canvas, by Joshua Reynolds, 1773).
Queen Charlotte: ‘not a beauty’, but ‘amiable, and her face rather agreeable than otherwise’ (watercolour on ivory, unknown artist, c. 1761).
George, Prince of Wales: ‘tall and robust, more graceful than genteel … he had now and then a few pimples out’ (pastel on vellum, by Jean-Etienne Liotard, 1754).
Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales: Augusta as she chose to be depicted in middle age – unflinching and unadorned (pastel on paper, by Jean-Etienne Liotard, 1754).
George III: the defining depiction of the young king – the demand for copies of this picture was immense (oil on canvas, by Allan Ramsay, 1761).
Queen Charlotte: the official portrait in coronation robes – a less flattering image of the teenage queen (oil on canvas, by Allan Ramsay, 1761).
Queen Charlotte with Charlotte, Princess Royal: ‘The Queen, fine; the Child, incomparable’ – this picture was still hanging in the king’s private apartments in 1813, during his final illness (pastel, by Francis Cotes, 1767).
Queen Charlotte with George, Prince of Wales, and Frederick, Duke of York: maternal affection expressed in the midst of looming grandeur – John Locke’s Some Thoughts Concerning Education can be seen among the queen’s papers (oil on canvas, by Allan Ramsay, c. 1764).
Prince Ernest, Prince Augustus, Princess Augusta, the infant Princess Mary, Prince Adolphus and Princess Elizabeth: the growing brood of royal children, with the princes wearing the open-collared, relaxed clothes of the modern, natural child (oil on canvas, by Benjamin West, 1776).
Princess Mary, Princess Amelia and Princess Sophia: the pleasures of boisterous play, which even princesses could now enjoy (oil on canvas, by John Singleton Copley, 1785).
George III: a confident, unpretentious image of kingship that was much to George’s taste and considered ‘very like’ (oil on canvas, by Johann Zoffany, 1771).
Queen Charlotte: the queen stands before her tribe of healthy children – her great dynastic achievement (oil on canvas, by Benjamin West, 1779).
Frances (Fanny) Burney: reluctant courtier, astute diarist (oil on canvas, by Edward Burney, c. 1785).
Mary Delany: model of cultured femininity and much-admired royal family friend (oil on canvas, by John Opie, 1782).
Charlotte, Princess Royal: ‘Always shy and under restraint with the queen’ (watercolour on ivory, attributed to Mrs Joseph Mee, possibly 1790).
Princess Augusta: ‘She looks as if she knew more than she would say’ (watercolour on ivory, unknown artist, c. 1798).
Princess Elizabeth: ‘Though brought up at court, I could never form my mouth to make compliments’ (oil on canvas, by William Beechey, 1797).
George, Prince of Wales: in his own words, ‘too fond of Wine and Women’, with ‘too great a penchant to grow fat’ (oil on canvas, by John Russell, 1791).
Princess Augusta, Princess Charlotte and Princess Elizabeth: the three eldest sisters depicted in a very tender light (oil on canvas, by Thomas Gainsborough, 1784).
Princess Mary: the most elegant of the sisterhood, with a surprisingly tart wit (oil on canvas, by William Beechey, 1797).
Princess Sophia: ‘If a sinner, [she] has the demeanour of a very humble and repentant one’ (oil on canvas, by William Beechey, 1797).
Prince Octavius: ‘There will be no Heaven for me if Octavius is not there’ (oil on canvas, by Benjamin West, 1783).
Princess Amelia: ‘an air of modest candour and a gentleness so caressingly inviting’ (oil on canvas, by William Beechey, 1797).
Caroline, Princess of Wales: ‘If her education had been what it ought, she might have turned out excellent’ (oil on canvas, by Thomas Lawrence, 1804).
Princess Charlotte of Wales: ‘There is a tone of romance in her character, which will only serve to mislead her’ (watercolour, by Thomas Heaphy, c. 1815).
Queen Charlotte: painted immediately after the king’s first illness, the horror of the experience shows clearly on the queen’s strained face (oil on canvas, by Thomas Lawrence, 1789).
George III: the king during his last illness, a Lear-like figure, isolated and alone (mezzotint, by Samuel Reynolds, c. 1820).
&nbs
p; Illustration Credits
Frontispiece: Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2014/Bridgeman Images
Picture Section
Images 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 20, 21, 31, 32 and 33: © National Portrait Gallery, London
Images 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 and 34: Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2014/Bridgeman Images
Image 7: © Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, USA/Bridgeman Images
Bibliography
Archives
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (Harcourt Ms.; Papers of James Bland Burges)
Hunterian Collection, University of Glasgow (William Hunter, ‘Journal of Attendance’; Ms. Hunter)
Landeshauptarchiv Schwerin, Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany (correspondence of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz)
Leicester Record Office (Diary of Lady Charlotte Finch, DG7; Halford Papers, DG 24/822/4)
National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh (Glenbervie Papers)
John Rylands Library, University of Manchester (Mary Hamilton Papers)
Published Sources
Albemarle, George Thomas Keppel, Fifty Years of My Life (New York, 1876)
Ambrose, Tom, Prinny and His Pals: George IV and His Remarkable Gift of Friendship (London, 2009)
Anon., George III: His Court and Family (London, 1821)
Anson, Elizabeth, and Anson, Florence, eds, Mary Hamilton at Court and Home from Letters and Diaries (London, 1925)
Aspinall A., Mrs Jordan and Her Family (London, 1951)
Aspinall A., ed., The Letters of King George IV: 1812 to 1830 (3 vols, Cambridge, 1938)
——ed., Letters of the Princess Charlotte (2 vols, London, 1949)
——ed., The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales (8 vols, Oxford, 1963–71)
——ed., The Later Correspondence of George III (5 vols, Cambridge, 1962–70)
Auckland, William, Lord, Journal and Correspondence, ed. R. J. Eden (2 vols, London, 1861)
Ayling, Stanley, George the Third (London, 1972)
Baker, Kenneth, George III: A Life in Caricature (London, 2007)
Barrett, Charlotte, Diary and Letters of Madame D’Arblay (2 vols, London, 1879)
Bickley, Francis, ed., The Diaries of Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie (2 vols, London, 1928)
Bird, Anthony, The Damnable Duke of Cumberland (London, 1966)
Black, Jeremy, George III: America’s Last King (New Haven and London, 2006)
———George II: Puppet of the Politicians? (Exeter, 2007)
Bladon, F. McKno, ed., The Diaries of Robert Fulke Greville (London, 1930)
Blanning, Tim, The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648–1815 (London, 2007)
Boswell, James, London Journal, 1762–63, ed. Frederick A. Pottle (New Haven, 1950)
Brewer, John, The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1997)
Brooke, John, King George III (London, 1972)
Brooke, John, ed., Horace Walpole: Memoirs of King George II (3 vols, New Haven and London, 1985)
Brown, Irene Q., ‘Domesticity, Feminism and Friendship: Female Aristocratic Marriage in England, 1660–1860’, Journal of Family History, 7 (1982)
Buchan, Susan, Lady Louisa Stuart (London, 1932)
Buckingham, Duke of, Memoirs of the Court of the Regency (2 vols, London, 1856)
Bullion, John L., ‘“George Be a King!” The Relationship between Princess Augusta and George III’, in Stephen Taylor, Richard Connors and Clyve Jones, eds, Hanoverian Britain and Empire (London, 1998)
Bury, Lady Charlotte, The Diary of a Lady In Waiting, ed. Francis Steuart (2 vols, London, 1908)
Campbell Orr, Clarissa, ‘Queen Charlotte: Scientific Queen’, in Clarissa Campbell Orr, ed., Queenship in Britain 1660–1837 (Manchester, 2002)
Cannon, John, Lord North: The Noble Lord in the Blue Ribbon (London, 1970)
Chedzoy, Alan, Seaside Sovereign: King George III at Weymouth (Wimbourne, 2003)
Childe-Pemberton, William S., The Romance of Princess Amelia (New York, 1911)
Climenson, Emily, ed., Passages from the Diaries of Mrs Philip Lybbe Powys (London, 1899)
Cody, Lisa Forman, Birthing the Nation: Sex, Science, and the Conception of Eighteenth-Century Britons (Oxford, 2005)
Colley, Linda, Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 (New Haven and London, 1992)
Cowper, Mary Clavering, Diary of Mary Countess Cowper, Lady of the Bedchamber to the Princess of Wales (London, 1864)
D’Arblay, Mme, Diary and Letters, ed. Charlotte Barrett (4 vols, London, 1854)
Davenport, Hester, Faithful Handmaid: Fanny Burney at the Court of King George III (Stroud, 2000)
Delany, Mrs, The Autobiography and Correspondence of Mary Granville, Mrs Delany, ed. Lady Llanover (3 vols, London, 1861)
Dodington, George Bubb, The Political Journal of George Bubb Dodington, ed. John Carswell and Leslie Dralle (Oxford, 1965)
Doran, Dr, Lives of the Queens of England (2 vols, London, 1855)
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, 1st Earl of Minto, 1751 to 1806, ed. the Countess of Minto (3 vols, London, 1874)
Esher, Viscount, ed., The Girlhood of Queen Victoria (2 vols, London 1912)
Fitzgerald, Percy, The Good Queen Charlotte (London, 1899)
Fortescue, The Hon. Sir John, ed., The Correspondence of King George the Third (6 vols, London, 1927)
Fraser, Flora, The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline (London, 1996)
——Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III (London, 2004)
Fulford, Roger, Royal Dukes (London, 1933)
Gillett, Eric, ed., Elizabeth Ham by Herself 1783–1820 (London, 1945)
Gisbourne, Thomas, An Enquiry into the Duties of the Female Sex (London, 1797)
Green, Vivian, The Madness of Kings: Personal Trauma and the Fate of Nations (Stroud, 1993)
Greenwood, Alice Drayton, Lives of the Hanoverian Queens of England (2 vols, London, 1909–11)
Greig, James, ed., The Diaries of a Duchess (London, 1926)
Gronow, Captain Rees Howell, Reminiscences of Captain Gronow (London, 1862)
Halsband, Robert, Lord Hervey: Eighteenth-Century Courtier (Oxford, 1973)
Hamilton, Lady Anne, Secret History of the Court of England (London, 1903)
Hammersley, Violet, ed., Letters from Madame de Sévigné (London, 1955)
Harcourt, Mrs, Diary of the Court of King George III, Miscellanies of the Philobiblon Society, XIII (London, 1871)
Harcourt, Rev. L. V., ed., Diaries and Correspondence of the Rt Hon. George Rose (4 vols, London, 1860)
Harcourt, William, ed., The Harcourt Papers (14 vols, privately printed, 1880–1905)
Harris, James, First Earl of Malmesbury, Diaries and Correspondence of James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury, III (London, 1844)
Hatton, Ragnhild, George I (New Haven, 2001)
Hedley, Olwen, Queen Charlotte (London, 1975)
Hervey, John Lord, Some Materials Towards Memoirs of the Reign of George II, ed. Romney Sedgwick (3 vols, London, 1931)
Hibbert, Christopher, George IV: Prince of Wales (London, 1972)
——George IV: Regent and King (London, 1973)
——George III: A Personal History (London, 1998)
Hickey, William, Memoirs, ed., Peter Quennell (London, 1975)
Home, J. A., ed., The Letters and Journals of Lady Mary Coke (4 vols, Edinburgh, 1889)
Ilchester, the Countess of, and Stavordale, Lord, eds, The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox 1745–1826 (London, 1904)
Ilchester, the Earl of, The Journal of Elizabeth Lady Holland 1791–1811 (2 vols, London 1908)
Iremonger, Lucille, Love and the Princesses: The Strange Lives of Mad King George III and His Daughters (London, 1958)
Jerningham, Lady Frances Dillon, The Jerningham Letters 1780–1843, ed. Egerton Castle (2 vols
, London, 1896)
Jesse, J. Heneage, Memoirs of Life &c. of George III (3 vols, London, 1867)
Keppel, George Thomas, Fifty Years of my Life (New York, 1876)
Knight, Cordelia, Autobiography of Miss Cordelia Knight (2 vols, London 1861)
Laird, Mark, and Weisberg-Roberts, Alicia, eds, Mrs Delaney and Her Circle (New Haven and London, 2009)
Landmann, George Thomas, Adventures and Recollections of Colonel Landmann (2 vols, London, 1852)
Langford, P. A., Polite and Commercial People: England 1727–1783 (Oxford, 1989)
Langford, Paul, Englishness Identified: Manners and Character 1650–1850 (Oxford, 2000)
Levey, Michael, A Royal Subject: Portraits of Queen Charlotte (London, 1977)
Lloyd, C., ‘King, Queen and Family’, in Jane Roberts, ed., George III and Queen Charlotte: Patronage, Collecting and Court Taste (London, 2004)
Macalpine, Ida, and Hunter, Richard, George III and the Mad-Business (London, 1969)
McKendrick, Neil, Brewer, John, and Plumb, J. H., The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England (London, 1982)
McKno Bladen, F., ed., The Diaries of Robert Fulke Greville (London, 1930)
Marples, Morris, Six Royal Sisters: Daughters of George III (London, 1969)
——Poor Fred and the Butcher: Sons of George II (London, 1970)
The Strangest Family Page 87
