Nuneham Courtenay, Oxfordshire, 310–11, 314–15
Oatlands (Duke of York’s house), 550, 583
Octavius, Prince (George III–Charlotte’s son): birth and childhood, 191, 204; George’s devotion to, 293, 410, 541; qualities, 293; death, 294–6, 308
Oldenburg, George, Duke of, 464
Omai (Tahitian), 320
Onslow, George, 1st Earl of, 433–4
Orford, George Walpole, 3rd Earl of, 182
Orléans, Duchess of (George I’s cousin), 21, 37, 58
Orr, Clarissa Campbell, 250
Ossory, John Fitzpatrick, 2nd Earl of, 156
Oudenarde, battle of (1708), 28
Oxford, Edward Harley, 2nd Earl of, 251
Oxford, Martha, Countess of (earlier Lady Harley), 155
Papendiek, Charlotte: inoculated, 210; at Kew, 216–17; on Frederika Planta, 258–9; on Martha Goldsworthy, 259; on Princess Elizabeth’s fatness, 261; on Prince Octavius, 293–4; on Princess Royal, 335; on Princess Royal’s teaching Amelia, 337; on Lawrence portrait of Queen Charlotte, 412–13; on Princess Mary’s beauty, 474
Paris, Treaty of (1763), 279
Parliament: and American War of Independence, 280, 285–6; debates regency issue, 391–2, 404; considers George III’s condition, 544
Parsons, Nancy, 156, 161
Payne, Jack, 370
Pembroke, Elizabeth, Countess of: loses child, 295; George III’s infatuation with, 398, 400–1, 413–15, 507, 540
Pembroke, Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of, 155
Pepys, Sir Lucas, 376, 444
Perceval, Spencer, 537–9, 545–7, 549
Peters, Timothy, 373–4
Philippa of Schwedt, 133–4
Pitt, William (later 1st Earl of Chatham): premiership, 2; George III’s unfavourable view of, 118, 277; popularity, 174; political abilities, 282
Pitt, William, the Younger: forms government (1783), 290; and George’s illnesses, 353, 356, 358–9, 500; letter from George III at Stroud, 355; visits Prince of Wales during George III’s illness, 370; attempts to persuade George III to move to Kew, 383; and proposed regency, 389–92; Prince of Wales disfavours, 390; and Willis’s account of George’s condition, 395; meets George on recovery, 406; introduces measures against popular disorder, 496; in Gillray caricature, 497; and Catholic emancipation, 498–500
Planta, Frederika, 229–30, 231, 258–60, 353, 364, 549
Planta, Margaret (‘Peggy’), 259
Platen, Countess von, 20
Pondicherry, 2, 144
poor, the: conditions, 9
Pope, Alexander: on Hervey, 46; Frederick visits, 83
porphyria: identified as illness, 372–4
Port, Marianne, 335
Portland, Jane Martha, Countess of, 39
Portland, Margaret, Duchess of, 251–2, 254, 264, 316, 606
Portland, William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, 3rd Duke of, 156
Prince George, HMS, 246
princesses (George III–Charlotte’s daughters): education, 256–67, 473; behaviour, 267–8; isolation and self-involvement, 270, 273; friendship with Harcourts, 312–13, 315; Fanny Burney’s view of, 328–31; portrayed, 330–1; amateur art, 336; rumoured liaisons, 343; under parental control, 343; marriage prospects, 344–5, 349–50, 517–18; mother sees during George’s illness, 369; at Kew during father’s illness, 385–6; effect of father’s illness on, 414–15; holidays in Weymouth, 419, 422–5; idealise Prince of Wales, 437, 458; unhappiness, 443; on Prince of Wales’s forthcoming wedding, 455; welcome niece Princess Charlotte, 463; and father’s final illness, 542–5; allowances reviewed, 547–9; claim greater independence, 547–8, 550–5; escort niece Charlotte on excursions to London, 552–3; effect of mother’s death on, 607; father’s treatment of, 615–16; see also individual princesses
Proclamation Against Vice (1787), 234
Prussia: defeated at Valmy (1792), 429
Quebec, 2, 170
Quiberon Bay, battle of (1759), 2
Quin, James, 84
Ramsden, William, 204, 343
Ramsey, Allan, 202–3, 226
Ranby (surgeon), 75–6
Raus, William, 259
Regency Bill: (1789), 404–5; (1810/11), 538
Reynolds, Samuel, 609
Richardson, Samuel: Clarissa, 534
Robertson, Andrew, 475, 477
Robespierre, Maximilien, 497
Robinson (hairdresser), 334
Robinson, Mary, 297
Rockingham, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of, 286
Romantic movement, 158
Romilly, Samuel, 535
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: educational theories, 207, 209, 226, 228, 233, 238, 257, 270; and academic women, 251; influence on 2nd Earl Harcourt, 310; and French Revolution, 427; Émile, 197–200
Roxburghe, John Ker, 3rd Duke of, 139–40, 424
Royal Marriage Act and Bill (1772), 278, 338, 340–2, 440–1, 447, 527, 558
St Helens, Alleyne Fitzherbert, Baron, 519
St James’s Palace, 162, 164
St Laurent, Julie de, 594
Salisbury, Bishop of see Sherlock, Thomas
Saratoga: British surrender (1777), 281
Saussure, César de, 2–3, 9, 45
Schroeder, Dr (chaplain), 264
Schroeder (George II’s valet), 127
Schulenberg, Melusina von see Kendal, Duchess of
Schwellenberg, Juliana: accompanies Charlotte to England, 144; card-playing, 162–9; Fanny Burney’s relations with, 177, 322–4, 327, 403; role at court and relations with Charlotte, 177–8
Scotland: and Act of Union (1707), 18
Scott, George Lewis, 85, 102–3
Scott, Margaret, 201, 203, 205
Sedgwick, Romney, 99
Seditious Meetings Act (1795), 433
Selwyn, George, 165, 379
Seven Years War (1756–63), 2, 170, 279, 287
Sharland, Samuel and Charlotte, 483–4, 491
Sheffield, Sir Charles, 166
Sheffield, John Baker Holroyd, 1st Baron (later 1st Earl of), 386
Shelburne, William Petty, 2nd Earl and Sophia, Countess of (née Carteret), 160–1, 164, 167, 198
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 320, 390
Sherlock, Thomas, Bishop of Salisbury, 83
Siddons, Sarah, 423
Sidmouth, Henry Addington, Viscount, 498–9, 502, 504
Simmons, Dr Samuel, 505
Simms, Dr, 592
slavery: trade, 6
smallpox: inoculation against, 210
Smelt, Leonard, 320, 323, 326, 329, 374
Smith, Mary, 79
Smith, Admiral Sir Sydney, 564
Sophia, Electress of Hanover, 18–21, 30, 33
Sophia, Princess (George III–Charlotte’s daughter): birth, 191; childhood, 192; Fanny Burney on, 328; piano playing, 335; eleventh birthday, 364; visits sick father, 403–4; upbringing and education, 473; character, 481, 534; eyesight, 481; physical difficulties and health problems, 481–2; relations with sisters, 482, 559–60; illegitimate child by General Garth, 483–9, 495, 560; depression and seclusion, 490, 559–61; supposed incest with brother Cumberland, 490–2; and father’s second illness, 508–9; chaperones mother during father’s illness, 509; anger at situation, 514; and sisters’ hope for independence, 549; confides in Dr Halford, 561–3; relations with niece Charlotte, 570; inherits Lower Lodge from mother, 607
Sophia Charlotte, Queen of Prussia, 30, 33–4
Sophia Dorothea of Celle, wife of George I: marriage and children, 20–2; relations with Königsmark, 22–4; troublesome behaviour, 22; confined at Ahlen and ostracised after Königsmark’s disappearance, 24–7; separates from George, 25; death, 26, 44; George II keeps portrait of, 44–5; burial, 347
Sophia Matilda of Gloucester, Princess, birth, 341
Southampton, HMS, 333
Spencer, General Sir Brent, 556–9, 593
Spencer, Georgiana, Countess, 371
Spithead mutiny (1797), 496
Stanhope, Charles, 40
Stone, Andrew, 102–4
Stone, Lawrence, 194
Storer, Anthony, 355, 430
Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, 166
Struensee, Johann van, 347
Stuart, Lady Louisa, 87–8, 250–1
Suffolk, Henrietta, Countess of, 37, 44, 51–3
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of, 27
Sussex, Prince Augustus, Duke of: on George II’s striking George III, 93; birth, 191; childhood, 192; and father’s moral teaching, 234; sent to University of Göttingen, 248; meagre allowance, 304; and Harcourts, 315; letters from sister Augusta, 334–5; and father’s illness, 353; letter from father on proposed trip to Hanover, 415; illicit marriage and son with Lady Augusta Murray, 440–2, 449, 471, 573; assembles portraits of family, 442; exiled from family, 442–3, 471; and niece Charlotte’s flight to mother, 577
Talbot, William, Lord (later 1st Earl), 166
Taylor, General Sir Herbert, 607
Temple, Richard Temple Grenville, Earl, 343
Thelwall, John, 333
Thielky, Mrs (of Queen Charlotte’s court), 321
Thomson, James, 83
Thurlow, Edward, 1st Baron, 389, 391, 400, 405, 441
Thynne, Lady Caroline, 487
Treasonable Practices Act (1795), 433
Trench, Mrs (Princess Elizabeth’s friend), 599
Trimmer, Sarah, 226
Tucker, Josiah, 10
Tunbridge Wells, 482
Tunstall, Mrs (royal housekeeper), 192–3, 216
Tyrwhitt, Thomas, 590–1
Upper Ossory see Ossory
Valmy, battle of (1792), 429
Vane, Anne, 62–3, 69
Vickery, Amanda, 157
Victoria, Queen: succeeds to throne, 612; aunt Charlotte visits, 613; qualities and values, 613
Villiers, Theresa, 489, 508, 524, 526, 528
Vreid (male midwife), 70
Wagenheim, Colonel, 304
Waldegrave, James, 2nd Earl, 104–5, 108–10, 129
Waldegrave, Marie, 587
Wallmoden, Amalie von see Yarmouth, Countess of
Walpole, Sir Edward, 587
Walpole, Horace: on George III’s accession, 2, 11–12; meets George I as child, 18; on Königsmark and Sophia Dorothea, 23–4; on George II’s hatred of father, 27; on George II’s superstitiousness, 29; on George II’s attachment to Caroline, 31; and Caroline’s intransigence over separation from children, 41; on Caroline’s qualities, 48; on George II’s infidelities, 51; friendship with Lady Suffolk, 52; on bad relations between George II and son, 64; on accidental meeting of George II and Frederick, 80; on Frederick’s art ambitions, 83; lampooned in Gay’s Beggar’s Opera, 83; on Prince Edward, 88; on death of Prince Frederick, 89; and Jacobite rising (1745), 91; on Dodington’s house, 97; on Princess Elizabeth, 99; on Duke of Gloucester, 100, 341; on Bute’s relations with Augusta, 108–9; on Augusta’s protectiveness towards son George, 119; on Lady Sarah Lennox, 122; on death of George II, 127, 129; attends George II’s funeral, 128; and George III’s intended marriage to Charlotte, 143; interest in George III–Charlotte wedding, 145, 147–8, 150; on Charlotte’s crossing to England, 146; on Charlotte’s languages, 149; on George–Charlotte marriage relations, 150; on Lady Pembroke, 155; on Nancy Parsons, 156; on Duke of Grafton, 157; on St James’s Palace, 162; hopes for George III to move to Hampton Court, 165; and George’s move to Buckingham House, 167; on Bute’s unpopularity, 172; on popular hostility to George III, 175; on George III’s seclusion, 178; praises Lady Charlotte Finch, 208; on Augusta’s terminal illness, 214–15; on Lord North, 277; on Brooks’s club betting, 289; praises Carlton House, 301; on Anne Horton, 339; Memoirs, 109–10; The Mysterious Mother, 325, 491
Walpole, Sir Robert: as George I’s first minister, 18; subsidises Caroline of Ansbach’s garden development at Kew, 32; George I conducts business with in Latin, 36; and George I’s conflict with son, 40; reports George I’s death to George II, 44; discusses business with Caroline, 48–50; shown George II’s correspondence with Caroline, 54; advises Caroline to tolerate husband’s infidelity, 55, 57; and George II’s view of son Frederick, 59; and Caroline’s despair at Frederick’s behaviour, 60; fails to pass Excise Bill, 66; and expulsion of Frederick from royal palaces, 72; fall (1742), 86; on Charles James Fox, 288
Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, 2nd Baron, 424
Ward, Thomas see Garth, Thomas
Warren, Dr Richard: reprimanded for word ‘insane’, 39; qualities, 368, 372; treats George III, 368, 371, 379; disparages Willis, 386–7; Charlotte finds unsatisfactory, 389; opposes Willis’s bulletins on George’s health, 393–4; dispute with Charlotte, 394–5; on George III’s recovery, 405
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of, 302, 556
Wentworth, Peter, 37
West, Benjamin, 202, 293; Apotheosis of Prince Octavius (painting), 296
Westmorland, John Fane, 7th Earl of, 150
Weymouth, Dorset: George III’s family holidays in, 416–25, 435, 503–4, 506; theatre in, 422–3; Princess Amelia sent to recover in, 479, 528–9
Whitbread, Samuel: brewery, 262
Wigram, Sir John and Catherine, Lady, 193
Wilberforce, William, 234
Wilkes, John, 278, 310, 495
Wilkes, Wetenhall, 158, 160
Wilkinson, D., 373
William, Prince see Clarence, Duke of
William Augustus, Prince see Cumberland, Duke of
William, Hereditary Prince of Orange, 573–8, 580
William III (of Orange), King, 17
Willis, Dr Francis: called in to treat George III, 293, 386–90, 396; and regency question, 390, 392, 407; resolution and insistence, 393; optimism, 395; plays games with George, 396, 400; encourages Charlotte’s visit to sick George, 398–9, 401; on George’s depression, 402; singing with George and family, 402; on George’s improvement and recovery, 403–4; continues treatment of George following recovery, 406; and George’s affection for son Frederick, 410; suggests Weymouth as holiday resort for George, 418
Willis, Dr John, 386, 504, 537, 540–2, 609
Willis, Dr Robert Darling, 386, 504, 537, 540–2, 544, 609
Willis, Dr Thomas, 386, 483, 498–504, 537
Wilmot, Dr, 89
Wilson, Sir Robert, 506–8
Windsor Castle: George III restores and develops, 218, 315, 509, 511; George and Charlotte settle in, 316; Mary Delany given home at, 316; Princess Charlotte sent to, 569–70, 574
Wolfe, General James, 170
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 200
women: and motherhood, 199–201; education and learning, 250–2; lack independence, 548; see also girls
Wrangel, Baron (Swedish diplomat), 142
Wraxall, Nathaniel, 107, 277, 610
Yarmouth, Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of, 53–6, 67, 75, 89
Yarmouth, Maria, Countess of, 507
York, Edward, Duke of (Frederick–Augusta’s son), 100, 163
York, Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, Duchess of, 440, 611–12
York, Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of (George–Charlotte’s son): birth, 188; close relations with brother George, 192, 212, 247, 303, 410, 437; education, 210, 230, 232–3; inoculated, 210; appearance, 231, 240; father’s fondness for, 242, 246, 300, 305, 365, 410, 615; character and manner, 243, 303; dissolute habits, 247, 410; sent to live in Hanover, 247; and brother George’s affair with Mme Hardenberg, 298–300; rumoured bad behaviour in Germany, 300; urges brother George to smooth relations with father, 300; visits father in Cheltenham, 356; visits sick father, 365, 540; meets father after recovery from illness, 407–8; behaviour during father’s illness, 408–9; mother invites to concert celebrating George’s recovery, 411; and sister Charlotte’s appeal for help, 439; marriage, 440; removed from head of army, 443; and sisters’ unmarried state, 444; and brother George’s separation from Mrs Fitzherbert, 448; sister Mary describes, 475; and father’s second illness, 500, 505; and sister Amelia�
��s romance with Fitzroy, 525; sister Amelia’s final meeting with, 533; and father under restraint, 541; invites sisters to stay at Oatlands, 550; and Prince of Wales’s suggestion that sisters escort Princess Charlotte on London excursions, 552; and Brent Spencer, 556–7; escorts niece Charlotte to father’s house, 577; with dying mother, 603; care of father in advanced illness, 609; present at father’s death, 610; death, 611
Yorktown: British surrender (1781), 285
Young, Arthur, 420
Zoffany, Johann, 399
About the Author
JANICE HADLOW is Controller, Seasons and Special Projects at the BBC. In her previous roles as Controller of BBC2 and BBC4, and Head of History at Channel 4, she has been hugely influential in popularising history on television. This is her first book.
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The Strangest Family Page 92
