home in Massongy
in Lebanon
life after Canal Hotel attack
relationship with SVDM
and SVDM in Iraq
and SVDM’s death
SVDM’s dissertations typed by
and SVDM’s posting to Buenos Aires
Vieira de Mello, Antonio
Vieira de Mello, Arnaldo
Vieira de Mello, Gilda:
anxiety about SVDM’s safety
life after Canal Hotel attack
marriage of
as organizing her husband’s notes
SVDM planning to visit after Iraq
SVDM’s close relationship to
and SVDM’s death ,
and SVDM’s posting to Buenos Aires
and SVDM’s posting to Iraq
Vieira de Mello, Laurent:
life after Canal Hotel attack
life of , ,
Vieira de Mello, Laurent (cont.)
relationship with SVDM
and SVDM in Iraq
and SVDM’s death
Vieira de Mello, Sergio
in Afghanistan
Angola mission aborted
Azerbaijan trip of
in Bangladesh, ,
in Bosnia
on Akashi
amoral attitude of
arrival
author meeting in Zagreb
on Bosnia and Somalia as intertwined
civilians evacuated from Sarajevo by
close calls in
as Department of Civil Affairs head
as escaping criticism
on forgetting history in Yugoslavia
and Karadžić
as leaving with bitterness
and market massacre
on NATO air strikes .
on political solution required for former Yugoslavia
prisoner exchange negotiated by
retrospective reflections on UNPROFOR
as returning in
in return to normal life in
and Rose
routine in Sarajevo
and Serb attack on Gorazde enclave
and Silajdžić
as Stoltenberg’s political adviser
on UN peacekeepers escorting Serb tanks
in Cambodia
as assembling his team
as befriending the powerful book proposal on
and Boutros Boutros-Ghali ,
on Khmer Rouge resistance to Akashi
lucky suits of
Montagnards evacuated by
as negotiating with Khmer Rouge
on Quick Impact Projects
railway reopened by
refugees returned to Khmer Rouge territory .
repatriation of refugees
resentment of investment in Yugoslavia
Courtland Robinson’s critical reflections
on work of
strained relations with Akashi
tensions with Sanderson
and UN officials and Cambodian women
children of. See Vieira de Mello, Adrien; Vieira de Mello, Laurent
after death of
in East Timor
adaptability of
departure from
on disbanding FALINTIL
eagerness to hold elections
economic policy
as establishing relationship with Gusmão
as having to start from scratch
on humanitarian crisis following independence referendum
and law-and-order gap
on Multinational Force
National Consultative Council established by
relationships with staff
routine in
symbolism as important to
Tetum language studied by
Timorese protests against UN rule
Timorization
as training Timorese for government
UN rules hindering administration by
on UNTAET budget
education of
doctoral thesis
at Franco-Brazilian lycée
master’s degree
at Sorbonne
state doctorate
at University of Fribourg
at University of Rio de Janeiro
and human rights. See also as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights below
as becoming more outspoken advocate for
as compromising with governments at expense of
on importance of
as studing theory and practice of
on UN Commission on Human Rights
and intergovernmental conference on former Soviet Union
in Iraq. See also last day of below
and American rule established in Iraq
as anxious to leave Iraq
appointed Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq
as arrival in Baghdad, ,
as assembling team for
Coalition attempts to search car of
Coalition refusing to share intelligence with
Dana killing condemned by
de-Ba’athification opposed by
on detainees in U.S. custody
and deteriorating security situation
diminishing influence of
as distancing himself from Coalition
on elections
on ending the occupation
on Governing Council , ,
on Green Zone
at Imam Ali shrine
on Iraqi attitude toward UN
and law-and-order problem
learning tour
as meeting with al-Sadr
as meeting with al-Sistani
as meeting with Bush before leaving
and mutual distrust of U.S. and UN
as not speaking Arabic
on the occupation as fact
office of
on power sharing and legitimacy
personal security
relationship with Bremer
residence in Baghdad .
response to U.S. invasion
with Shiite clerics in Hillah,
speculation about Iraq role for
trip to northern Iraq
UN headquarters in Baghdad
on UN role in postinvasion Iraq
on U.S. threat to invade
at World Economic Forum meeting
and Kosovo conflict
as assembling team for
assessment mission behind Serb lines
as continuing to monitor
farewell tour of former Yugoslavia
first press conference
and Kosovar refugees
Kosovo Transitional Council set up by
Kouchner replacing
on NATO intervention
policing Kosovo
refusal to speak Portuguese with Jovanovic
as temporary administrator
as testifying before Security Council on
Vieira de Mello, Sergio, Kosovo conflict (cont.) UN rules hindering administration by
last day in life of
in Lebanon
as “black chapter” in life of
departure from
after Israeli invasion of
after Israeli invasion of
and Kaloush killing
as learning to live in war zone
Urquhart’s opinion of
at U.S. embassy
lessons from career of
on complexity, humility, and patience
as engaging all kinds
on fixing the international system
on flaws in the international system
on law and security first
in Mozambique
perpetrator of attack on reason for targeting
personal characteristics of
attitude toward U.S.
Buddhism as interest
desire to be liked
fear of early death
grace under pressure
obsessive pun
ctuality
pride in Brazil
religious views
reputation for elegance
professional characteristics and interests of on “black boxing,”
as charmer of thugs
as combining personal and professional lives
contradictions in
on expectation management
on “hitting the ground running,”
languages spoken
military interests
mythic persona
note-taking on hotel stationery pads
political job sought
political negotiation as interest
popularity in Washington
pragmatism
as problem solver
as refusing to make enemies
“Sergio letters,”
as staying in touch with Headquarters
willingness to go where needed
Wilsonian leanings
relationships with women
marriage to Annie Personnaz. See Vieira de Mello, Annie Personnaz
relationship with Carolina Larriera. See Larriera, Carolina
and Rwandan refugees
charter flight to Kigali
criticism of Rwanda policies of
as feeling that mission failed
at genocide sites with Bakhet
as humanitarian coordinator
as meeting with Baril in Entebbe
as meeting with Kabila
on refugee camps on Zairean border
repatriation of refugees from Tanzania .
repatriation of refugees to Rwanda
repatriation of refugees from Zaire
as sliping into eastern Zaire
in Sudan
as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Annan appointing him high commissioner
dissatisfaction as high commissioner
as first commissioner to meet with U.S president
plans for restructuring
plans to return to after Iraq
United Nations career of. See also as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights above
Annan on irreplaceability of .
aspiration to be secretary-general
as assistant secretary-general
friendship with Casella
as Hocké’s chief of staff
Jamieson as mentor of
as joining UNHCR
as leaving UNHCR
on potential of UN
relationship with Ogata
seen as future secretary-general
seen as Ogata’s replacement at UNHCR
UN as family of
UN as nationality of
as under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs
as UNHCR Asia Bureau director
as UNHCR deputy head of personnel services
as UNHCR director of external relations
as UNHCR policy planning and operations director
as UNHCR regional representative for South America
on UN impartiality
and Vietnamese boat people
views of
on “affirmative action,”
on danger to humanitarian personnel
on democracy
evolution of ideas of
on fear as bad adviser
on force for humanitarian purposes
on “getting real,”
on Great Lakes region of Africa
on Hammarskjöld principles
on humanitarian crises as political crises
on legitimacy
Luttwak’s “Give War a Chance” criticized by
on “new world order” after end of cold war
on no such thing as distant crisis
provision of law and order recommended by
on Security Council primacy
on state-building
UN war crimes tribunal supported by
on UN weapons inspectors spying for U.S.
youth of
birth of
on coup of
Lacerda supported by
as student revolutionary
Vieira de Mello, Sonia ,
Vieira de Mello,Tarcilo .
Vietnamese boat people
Villanova, Jon
Vincentis, Giuseppe de
Vollmer, Rand
von Zehle,William:
in Canal Hotel rescue operation
Larriera tracking down
on SVDM’s resistance to pulling mission out .
Walzer, Gerald
war crimes tribunals:
International Criminal Court (ICC)
for Khmer Rouge
SVDM as supporter of
for Yugoslavia
Watson, Fiona
Weinberger, Caspar
White Car Syndrome
Williams, Michael
Williams, Roy
Wilson,Woodrow
Wiranto, General
Wirth,Tim
Wolfowitz, Paul
Woodruff, Judy
Yeah Ath
Yeltsin, Boris
Younes, Nadia
Young, Kirsten Yugoslavia, former Yugoslavia
aid workers and peacekeepers sent to
basics of crisis in
Dayton peace agreement
SVDM becoming Stoltenberg’s political adviser in
SVDM on forgetting history in
SVDM’s resentment of disproportionate international investment in
war crimes tribunal for
See also Bosnia; Kosovo; Serbs
al-Zarqawi, Abu Mussab
Zinni, Anthony
“Zionism equals racism” resolution
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Samantha Power, Anna Lindh Professor of Practice of Global Leadership and Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, is the author of “A Problem from Hell”: America and the Age of Genocide (Harper Collins, 2003), which won the 2003 National Book Critics Circle Award, the Council on Foreign Relations’ Arthur Ross Prize Book Award for the best book on foreign policy, and the Pulitzer Prize for nonfiction. She remains an active journalist, reporting from Rwanda, Burundi, Cambodia, Kosovo, East Timor, Zimbabwe, Sudan, and elswehere. She is a contributor to The New Yorker and a foreign policy columnist for Time magazine. She was the founding executive director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the Kennedy School (1998-2002), and from 1993 to 1996 she covered the wars in the former Yugoslavia as a reporter for The Boston Globe and U.S. News & World Report. She is the editor, with Graham Allison, of Realizing Human Rights: Moving from Inspiration to Impact (St. Martin’s, 2000). A graduate of Yale University and Harvard Law School, Power moved to the United States from Ireland in 1979, at the age of nine.
1
Quotations that are not sourced in the Notes are taken from my interviews, conducted between January 2004 and November 2007.
2
Prince Sadruddin was the second son of Sultan Mohamed Shah Aga Khan III, imam of the Ismaili Shiites. He spent much of his youth in India, but he had French, Iranian, and Swiss nationalities. Educated at Harvard, he became the publisher of the Paris Review in the early 1950s and then joined the UN as a civil servant. He was appointed UN High Commissioner for Refugees in 1965 at the age of thirty-two, a post he held until 1977.
3
U.S. officials were normally unwilling to criticize Israel, but in 1978 President Jimmy Carter was closing in on his landmark Camp David peace deal between Israel and Egypt, and he feared that an Israeli occupation of Lebanon could derail it. Carter decided that the best way to secure an Israeli withdrawal while also saving Israeli face was to authorize the dispatch of UN peacekeepers. The United States drove a resolution through the Council, taking Israel by surprise, and the Soviets abstained from the vote.
4
In 2006, after Hezbollah rocket attacks on northern Israel prompted another Israeli invasion, the Security Council authorized a 12,000-person UN force for southern Lebanon. Israe
l criticized the resolution because again Hezbollah fighters were permitted to remain in the south.
5
In December 1991 the UN General Assembly voted to revoke the 1975 resolution.
6
Haddad’s army, which he called the South Lebanese Army, was made up largely of poor Shi’a from the border villages.
7
In 2007 President George W. Bush would name Crocker U.S. ambassador to Iraq.
8
Vieira de Mello was also named secretary of the executive committee.
9
The four Cambodian parties that signed the Paris agreement were FUNCINPEC, the anti-Communist royalist party of Prince Sihanouk, led by his son, Prince Norodom Ranariddh; the somewhat marginal Khmer People’s National Liberation Front (KPNLF) of former prime minister Son Sann; the Khmer Rouge (KR), formally under Khieu Samphan (but with Pol Pot still in fact in charge); and the State of Cambodia (SOC), controlled by Prime Minister Hun Sen.
10
The KR controlled three camps—Site 8, O’Trao, and Site K.The KPNLF, Son Sann’s faction, controlled two—Sok Sann and Site 2. FUNCINPEC controlled one—Site B. And the final site, Khao-I-Dang, was controlled not by any faction but by UNHCR.
11
The UN Security Council authorized a core of 15,900 military troops, along with 3,600 police monitors and 2,400 civilian administrators.
12
238 men, 58 women and 102 children (and dogs and monkeys and even a hen)25
13
I use the word “Bosnian” to describe those who remained in territory under Bosnian government control and who, for much of the war, clung to the ideal of a multiethnic, unitary state. At the outset the “Bosnians” were Muslim, Croat, and Serb, but by the end of the war “Bosnian” and “Muslim” had become almost synonymous. After the war the term “Bosniak” was introduced to describe this mainly Muslim population.
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