7. Ibid.
8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40003-013-0069-3
9. Norman Borlaug, The Green Revolution Revisited and the Road Ahead, Lecture to the Norwegian Nobel Institute, Oslo, 2000.
10. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=envstudtheses
Section 5: Nationalization and More Statism
Chapter 8: The Era of Nationalization
1. Jairam Ramesh, Intertwined Lives: P.N. Haksar and Indira Gandhi (New Delhi: Simon & Schuster India, 2018).
2. Medha M. Kudaisya, The Life and Times of G.D. Birla (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003).
3. Ramesh, Intertwined Lives.
4. https://www.thehindu.com/archives/plan-for-social-control-of-banks/article21665627.ece
5. Ibid.
6. D.N. Ghosh, No Regrets (New Delhi: Rupa, 2015).
7. Rakesh Batabyal, ed., The Penguin Book of Modern Indian Speeches (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2007).
8. https://coal.nic.in/content/historybackground
9. Ibid.
10. https://www.coalindia.in/en-us/company/history.aspx
Chapter 9: Politics of Robin Hood
1. http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/Charting%20Dynamic%20Trajectories%202014_f07bc6b5-cb08-4657-8970-08ea4ba53d1e.pdf
2. https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/columnists/indias-new-privy-purse.html
3. https://www.licindia.in/Top-Links/about-us/History
4. https://dipp.gov.in/sites/default/files/chap001_0_0.pdf
5. https://www.cci.gov.in/sites/default/files/Indicus_20090420152009.pdf
6. https://www.cpcl.co.in/CompanyProfile
7. https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/28/archives/britains-burmah-shell-oil-due-for-takeover-in-india.html
Section 6: The Oil Jolt
Chapter 10: India’s New Disruption
1. https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/23.htm
2. https://www.thebalance.com/opec-oil-embargo-causes-and-effects-of-the-crisis-3305806
3. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/nixon-shock
4. Ibid.
5. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/03/archives/nixon-approves-limit-of-55-mph-states-must-meet-standard-or-lose.html and https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/10/16/saudi-arabia-hinted-at-a-u-s-oil-embargo-its-not-1973/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.0894e4a29e5d
Chapter 11: The Search for Black Gold
1. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/20/archives/india-slow-to-grasp-oil-crisis-now-fears-service-ecomomic-loss-a.htm
2. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ar/archive/pdf/ar1974.pdf
3. S.P. Wahi, Leading from the Front (New Delhi: Crossbill Publishing, 2013).
4. Ibid.
5. Author’s interview with Vijay L. Kelkar.
6. https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/BUDGET-1974-75.pdf
Section 7: The Emergency
Chapter 12: Toppled in Court
1. B.N. Tandon, PMO Diary—I: Prelude to the Emergency (New Delhi: Konark Publishers, 2003).
2. Ibid.
3. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/july-11-1978-forty-years-ago-ex-lg-kills-self-5254103/
4. Shah Commission of Inquiry: Interim Report I, 11 March 1978.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Pranab Mukherjee, The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years (New Delhi: Rupa, 2015).
9. Shah Commission of Inquiry: Interim Report I, 11 March 1978.
10. Tandon, PMO Diary.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-court-verdict-that-prompted-indira-gandhi-to-declare-emergency/story-uaDsy0j3B0vSdiPn2md9WO.html
14. P.N. Dhar, Indira Gandhi, the ‘Emergency’, and Indian Democracy (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000).
15. Mukherjee, The Dramatic Decade.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Coomi Kapoor, The Emergency: A Personal History (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2015).
19. Ibid.
Chapter 13: Why It All Happened
1. P.N. Dhar, Indira Gandhi, the ‘Emergency’, and Indian Democracy (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000).
2. Ibid.
3. Jairam Ramesh, Intertwined Lives: P.N. Haksar and Indira Gandhi (New Delhi: Simon & Schuster India, 2018).
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/emergency-chronicles-indira-gandhi-5597323/
7. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/emergency-chronicles-indira-gandhi-5597323/
8. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/indira-gandhi-emergency-rule-rk-dhawan-congress-259245-2015-06-23
9. Kuldip Nayar, Emergency Retold (New Delhi: Konark Publishers, 2013).
10. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19771031-indira-gandhis-arrest-seen-as-janata-partys-first-major-political-blunder-818822-2015-03-25
11. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/23/indira-gandhi-india-election-archive-1977
Section 8: The BoP Crash and Reforms of 1991
Chapter 14: A Pound of Flesh
1. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/janpath-1991-when-snooping-led-to-the-collapse-of-a-government-5418895/
2. Based on the author’s conversation with B.P. Verma.
3. Yashwant Sinha, Confessions of a Swadeshi Reformer: My Years as Finance Minister (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2007) and author’s conversation with B.P. Verma.
4. Based on the author’s meetings and conversations with Manmohan Singh in 1991.
5. Based on the author’s meetings and conversations with Manmohan Singh in 1991.
6. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19880515-bofors-inquiry-joint-parliamentary-committee-report-reveals-more-than-it-conceals-797272-1988-05-15
7. https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/two-months-that-changed-india-111070200041_1.html
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19910715-narasimha-rao-election-as-prime-minister-heralds-return-of-the-old-congress-guard-814537-1991-07-15#ssologin=1#source=magazine; Based on author’s meeting with Manmohan Singh a day after the swearing in
Chapter 15: An Anatomy of the Crisis
1. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/999451468260069468/pdf/multi0page.pdf
2. https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=18556
3. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910831-under-attack-narasimha-rao-govt-lowers-hiked-fertiliser-prices-compromises-on-critical-issue-814754-1991-08-31#ssologin=1#source=magazine
4. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19910715-bjp-emerging-as-a-major-party-was-the-biggest-surprise-in-elections-1991-814590-1991-07-15 and https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19910715-exit-poll-rajiv-gandhi-assassination-resulted-in-distinct-swing-in-favour-of-congressi-814550-1991-07-15
Section 9: Reservation and Mandir
Chapter 16: The Game of Life and Death
1. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/iraq-invades-kuwait
2. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sunday-story-mandal-commission-report-25-years-later/
3. P.V. Narasimha Rao, Ayodhya: 6 December 1992 (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2006).
4. Ibid.
5. Based on the author’s interaction with Ram Mohan Rao.
6. https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/communal-forces-cannot-and-should-not-be-in-govt-sitaram-yechury-119030200570_1.html
7. http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/Mandal%20Commission%20Report%20of%20the%201st%20Part%20English635228715105764974.pdf
8. B.G. Deshmukh, A Cabinet Secretary Looks Back from Poona to the Prime Minister’s Office (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2004).
9. Ibid.
10. Rao, Ayodhya.
> Chapter 17: The Politics of the Mandir
1. P.V. Narasimha Rao, Ayodhya: 6 December 1992 (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2006).
2. B.G. Deshmukh, A Cabinet Secretary Looks Back from Poona to the Prime Minister’s Office (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2004).
3. Rao, Ayodhya.
4. Ibid.
5. https://www.epw.in/engage/article/jats-patels-and-marathas-want-quotas-but-do-they-deserve-them
6. http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/Mandal%20Commission%20Report%20of%20the%201st%20Part%20English635228715105764974.pdf
7. https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/concern-and-questions-over-creamy-layer/cid/1670411
Section 10: The Telecom Bump
Chapter 18: In Search of a Landline
1. Indian Telecommunication Statistics 2002, Ministry of Communications, Government of India
2. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/opinion/01iht-edtharoor.4431582.html
3. http://dot.gov.in/national-telecom-policy-1994
Chapter 19: The Fallout after 1994
1. Ashok V. Desai, India’s Telecommunications Industry History, Analysis, Diagnosis (New Delhi: Sage, 2006).
2. Maruthi P. Tangirala, Telecom Sector Regulation in India: An Institutional Perspective (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2019).
3. http://dot.gov.in/new-telecom-policy-1999
4. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/2g-spectrum-scam-some-highlights-of-cag-report-439416
5. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/2g-spectrum-verdict-what-happens-now-to-122-cancelled-telecom-licenses-1113292-2017-12-21
6. https://www.livemint.com/Companies/rPju0LUcHUizRBbXH7ecdL/How-Mukesh-Ambanis-Reliance-Jio-shook-up-Indias-telecom-ma.html
Section 11: Twin Shocks of NPAs and RBI Autonomy
Chapter 20: The Genesis and Rise of NPAs
1. https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/arQr1ZUW9EI51qwmF7lqJN/The-status-of-public-sector-banks-in-India-today.html
2. https://www.businesstoday.in/moneytoday/stocks/invest-companies-fccbs-due-redemption-caution-returns/story/21869.html
3. Raghuram G. Rajan, I Do What I Do (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2017).
4. https://www.iimb.ac.in/sites/default/files/2018-07/WP_No._505.pdf
Chapter 21: Recognition, Recapitalization, Resolution and Reform
1. https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Tio5Driwfu8UkEyvuiCkBM/SC-to-hear-challenge-to-RBIs-circular-on-bad-loans-on-28-No.html
2. https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/arun-jaitleys-big-message-to-defaulters-ibc-instilling-fear/1363934/
3. http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A2018-17.pdf
Section 12: Demonetization
Chapter 22: Shock Therapy or a Boomerang?
1. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-to-meet-military-chiefstoday-to-review-security-after-september-surgical-strikes-1622649 and https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/narendra-modichief-of-army-staff-navy-air-force-pakistan-ajit-doval-4364124/
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37531900
3. https://twitter.com/sgurumurthy/status/1036157975570743298
4. https://dea.gov.in/sites/default/files/Promo_PaymentsMeans_Card_Digital_0.pdf
5. Raghuram G. Rajan, I Do What I Do (New Delhi: HarperCollins, 2017).
6. Ibid.
7. https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/rajan-preferred-other-ways-over-demonetisation-to-tackle-black-money/story-vlTbd6oixy6M4DnH65dWxI.html
8. Author’s interview with Arun Kumar.
Chapter 23: The Hand of the RBI and Modi
1. https://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=37259
2. https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/kanpur-city-now-two-thousandnote-possible-14937251.html and https://www.hindustantimes.com/indianews/journalist-broke-story-about-currency-demonetisation-a-fortnightback/story-3OpgtR5ehdzkRRrwQITLgK.html
3. https://www.livemint.com/Industry/kPPjdrUjWrqfryG8bwgv9M/RBI-and-demonetisation-An-insiders-account.html
4. Minutes of the 56st meeting of the Central Board of Directors of the RBI.
5. https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/RBIA1934170510.PDF
6. Minutes of the 56st meeting of the Central Board of Directors of the RBI.
7. https://www.livemint.com/Industry/kPPjdrUjWrqfryG8bwgv9M/RBI-and-demonetisation-An-insiders-account.html
8. Arvind Subramanian, Of Counsel: The Challenges of the Modi–Jaitley Economy (Gurgaon: Penguin Random House India, 2018).
9. http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_release/nad_PR_31may18.pdf
10. http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_release/FRE%20of%20National%20Income%2C%20Consumption%20Expenditure%2C%20Saving%20and%20Capital%20Formation%20For%202017-18_0.pdf
11. https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&dt=2017-07-11%2011:07:31&msec=463
12. https://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/seasonal-adjustment-is-not-a-simple-mechanical-task-117111501699_1.html
13. https://indianexpress.com/article/business/economy/cmies-mahesh-vyas-says-3-5-million-jobs-lost-due-to-demonetisation-5357295/
14. https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&dt=2018-12-17%2012:47:23&msec=093
15. http://phdcci.in/live_backup/image/data/Research%20Bureau-2014/Economic%20Developments/paper/Study%20on%20Impact.pdf
16. https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/5-million-men-lost-their-jobs-after-demonetisation-says-swi-2019-report-119041700386_1.html
17. https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/unemployment-rate-at-five-decade-high-of-6-1-in-2017-18-nsso-survey-119013100053_1.html
18. https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/unemployment-peaked-to-4-year-high-during-demonetisation-govt-survey-119011001329_1.html
19. http://epaper.financialexpress.com/2057957/Delhi/March-07,-2019#page/1/2
20. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/demonetisation-what-india-gained-and-lost-1327502-2018-08-30
21. http://www.arthakranti.org/news-events/159-what-was-arthakranti-proposal-to-pm-narendra-modi
22. http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/columns/s-gurumurthy/2016/jun/22/Rajan-The-exit-that-was-inevitable-883797.html
23. Minutes of the 561st meeting of the Central Board of Directors of the RBI on 8 November 2016.
24. Rajan, I Do What I Do.
25. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/demonetisation-of-rs-500-rs-1000-notes-pm-modi-bear-pain-for-50-days-then-punish-me-4373933/
26. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ministry-withdraws-note-ban-report/article25608445.ece
27. https://www.bjp.org/en/manifesto2019
Section 13: GST: Widening the Tax Net
Chapter 24: One Country, One Tax
1. https://www.nipfp.org.in/media/pdf/books/BK_39/Reform%20Of%20Domestic%20Trade%20Taxes%20In%20India%20Issues%20And%20Options.pdf
2. Ibid.
3. http://gstcouncil.gov.in/brief-history-gst
4. Yashwant Sinha with Aditya Sinha, India Unmade: How the Modi Government Broke the Economy (New Delhi: Juggernaut Books, 2018).
Chapter 26: The Aftermath of the GST
1. Based on the author’s interview with tax expert Satya Poddar.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
Section 14: Disruptions Ahead
Chapter 27: India of the Future
1. https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/ub1999-2000/bs/bs1.htm
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