Paul Brach, Giovanni Favretti, Leslie Fiedler, and S. Frederick Starr all very graciously agreed to read the manuscript for us, no small favor given its length. They caught numerous errors and offered many valuable suggestions. Dr. David Peretz worked with us from the beginning of the project, helping to refine some of the psychological concepts which inform the book, especially regarding Pollock’s childhood and his relationship to Lee Krasner. Donald McKinney, who became a close friend of Lee’s during the many years he represented the Pollock estate at the Marlborough Gallery, helped us understand Lee’s complex relationship to Jackson’s art and, in the process, became a friend of ours.
Over the course of several years, a number of people have helped shoulder the enormous burdens of transcribing interviews and collecting research materials from various libraries. In particular, we should thank Ennis Bengul, Jim Biester, Jan Ellis, Avon Fair, Mari Hoashi, Ted Hults, Mike Jacula, Derek Janssen, Robert Kurilla, Miriam Kuznets, Diana Lemchak, Edmund Levin, Martha Shopmyer, Rosemary Sneeringer, and Robert Taylor.
Our agent Connie Clausen deserves a special award for her patience and friendship through what seemed to her an endless ordeal. Our editor at Clarkson N. Potter, Carol Southern, gave the manuscript both conscientious editorial scrutiny and loving support, a rare and marvelous combination from which the book has benefited in innumerable ways. Designer Barbara Richer and production supervisor Teresa Nicholas have produced a handsome volume, despite formidable obstacles. The copy editors, Donna Ryan and Mark McCauslin, performed a similar miracle on a vast, unwieldy manuscript. Finally, our gratitude goes to the many people at Crown Publishers who have given us their support over the years, including Phyllis Fleiss, Bruce Harris, Nancy Kahan, Susan Magrino, Alan Mirken, Michelle Sidrane, Gael Towey, and, more recently, S. I. Newhouse, Jr.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abel, Lionel. The Intellectual Follies: A Memoir of the Literary Venture in New York and Paris. New York: Norton, 1984.
Adams, James Truslow. The Epic of America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1931.
Ades, Dawn. Dada and Surrealism, 1974. Reprint. London, Thames & Hudson, 1974.
Allen, Frederick Lewis. Since Yesterday: The 1930s in America, September 3, 1929–September 3, 1939, 1939. Reprint. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.
Alloway, Lawrence. Exhibition catalogue. Jackson Pollock: Paintings, Drawings and Watercolors; from the Collection of Lee Krasner Pollock. London: Marlborough Fine Art, June 1961.
——, and Mary Davis MacNaughton. Adolph Gottlieb: A Retrospective. New York: The Arts, 1981.
Art of This Century. Exhibition catalogue. Jackson Pollock. Introduction by James Johnson Sweeney. New York: Art of This Century, 1943.
Ashton, Dore. The New York School A Cultural Reckoning, 1973. Reprint. New York: Penguin, 1979.
——. Yes, but … A Critical Study of Philip Guston. New York: Viking, 1976.
Baigell, Matthew. Thomas Hart Benton. New York: Abrams, 1973.
Barrett, William. The Truants: Adventures Among the Intellectuals. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1982.
Barr, Alfred H., Jr. Exhibition catalogue. Cubism and Abstract Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1936.
——. Matisse: His Art and His Public. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1951.
Benton, Thomas Hart. An American in Art: A Professional and Technical Autobiography. Lawrence: The University Press of Kansas, 1969.
——. An Artist in America. 4th rev. ed. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1983.
Bernstein, Irving. The Lean Years. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960.
Biddle, George. An American Artist’s Story. Boston: Little, Brown, 1939.
Blavatsky, Helena P. The Secret Doctrine: The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy. Vol. 1. Pasadena: Theosophical University Press, 1974.
Bourne, Peter G., and Ruth Fox, eds. Alcoholism: Progress in Research and Treatment. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
Branstetter, Myrtle. Pioneer Hunters of the Rim. Mesa, Ariz.: Norm’s Publishing House, 1976.
Braun, Emily, and Thomas Branchick. Thomas Hart Benton: The America Today Murals. New York: The Equitable, 1985.
Brittain, Vera. Thrice a Stranger. New York: Macmillan, 1938.
Brodovitch, Alexey. “Jackson Pollock,” Portfolio. Cincinnati: Zebra Press, 1951.
Brown, Milton W. American Painting from the Armory Show to the Depression. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1955.
Burke, John. Buffalo Bill: The Noblest Whiteskin. New York: Putnam, 1973.
Burroughs, Polly. Thomas Hart Benton: A Portrait. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1981.
Bychowski, Gustav, and J. Louise Despert, eds. Specialized Technniques in Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books, 1952.
Campbell, Bruce F. Ancient Wisdom Revived: A History of the Theosophical Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
Carmean, A. E., and Eliza E. Rathbone. Exhibition catalogue. American Art at MidCentury: The Subjects of the Artist. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1978.
Carruth, Hayden. The Bloomingdale Papers. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1975.
Cennini, Cennino. The Book of the Art of Cennino Cennini: A Contemporary Practical Treatise on Quatrocento Painting. Edited and translated by Christiana J. Herringham. London: Allen & Unwin, 1899.
——. A Treatise on Painting. Translated by Mrs. Merrifield. London: Lumley, 1844.
Centre Georges Pompidou. Exhibition catalogue. Jackson Pollock. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Musée National d’Art Moderne, 1982.
Chase, W. Parker. New York: The Wonder City, 1932. Reprint. New York: New York Bound, 1983.
Chipp, Herschel B., ed. Theories of Modern Art: A Source Book by Artists and Critics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
Coe, Ralph T. Exhibition catalogue. Sacred Circles: Two Thousand Years of North American Indian Art. Kansas City, Mo.: Nelson Gallery of Art–Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, 1976.
Cohen, Sol. Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Collins, Mabel. Light on the Path. Pasadena: Theosophical University Press, 1971.
Congdon, Don, ed. The Thirties: A Time to Remember. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1962.
Conn, Howard F., ed. Current Therapy: 1954: Latest Approved Methods of Treatment for the Practicing Physician. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1954.
Cowley, Malcolm. Exile’s Return: A Narrative of Ideas. New York: Norton, 1934.
Craven, Thomas. Modern Art. Rev. ed. Garden City, N.Y.: Halcyon House, 1950.
——. Thomas Hart Benton. New York: Associated American Artists, 1939.
Crunden, Robert M. Ministers of Reform: The Progressives’ Achievement in American Civilizatian, 1889–1920. New York: Basic Books, 1982.
Dawson, Fielding. An Emotional Memoir of Franz Kline. New York: Pantheon Books, 1967.
Diamonstein, Barbaralee, ed. The Art World: A Seventy-Five Year Treasury of Artnews. New York: Artnews Books, 1977.
——, ed. Inside New York’s Art World. New York: Rizzoli, 1979.
Douglas, Ann. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Knopf, 1977.
Dreier, Mary E. Margaret Dreier Robins: Her Life, Letters and Work. New York: Island Press Cooperative, 1950.
Eisenstein, Victor W., ed. Neurotic Interaction in Marriage. New York: Basic Books, 1956.
Ellis, Edward Robb. The Epic of New York City. New York: Coward, McCann, 1966.
Encyclopedia Americana. Danbury, Conn.: Grolier, 1984.
Epstein, Jason, and Elizabeth Barlow. East Hampton: A History and Guide. 3d rev. ed. New York: Random House, 1985.
Ernst, Jimmy. A Not-So-Still Life: A Child of Europe’s Pre-World War II Art World and His Remarkable Homecoming to America. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985.
Falk, Peter Hastings, ed. Who Was Who in American Art. Madison, Conn.: Sound View Press, 1985.
Feingold, Henry L. Zion in America: The Jewis
h Experience from Colonial Times to the Present. New York: Twayne, 1974.
Feldstein, Stanley. The Land That I Show You: Three Centuries of Jewish Life in America. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor/Doubleday, 1978.
Fermi, Laura. Illustrious Immigrants. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
Fiedler, Leslie. What Was Literature? Class Culture and Mass Society. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982.
Fox, Ruth, ed. Alcoholism: Behavioral Research, Therapeutic Approaches. New York: Springer, n.d.
——, and Peter Lyon. Alcoholism: Its Scope, Cause and Treatment. New York: Random House, 1955.
Frank, Elizabeth. Jackson Pollock. New York: Abbeville Press, Modern Masters Series, 1983.
Frascina, Francis. Pollock and After: The Critical Debate. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.
Fried, Michael. Exhibition catalogue. Three American Painters: Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, Frank Stella. Cambridge, Mass.: Fogg Art Museum–Harvard University, 1965.
Friedman, B. H. Almost a Life. New York: Viking, 1975.
——. Jackson Pollock: Energy Made Visible, 1972. Reprint. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
Fry, Edward F. Exhibition catalogue. David Smith. New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1969.
Gaugh, Henry. Willem de Kooning. New York: Abbeville Press, Modern Masters Series, 1983.
Golding, John. Cubism: A History and an Analysis: 1907–1914. New York: Harper & Row, 1959.
Goldman, Shifra M. Contemporary Mexican Painting in a Time of Change. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977.
Goldmark, Josephine Clara. Impatient Crusader: Florence Kelley’s Life Story. Urbana: University of lllinois Press, 1953.
Goodman, Cynthia. Hans Hofmann. New York: Abbeville Press, Modern Masters Series, 1986.
Graham, John. System and Dialectics of Art. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.
Green, Eleanor. John Graham: Artist and Avatar. Washington, D.C.: The Phillips Collection, 1987.
Greenberg, Clement. Art and Culture: Critical Essays, 1961. Reprint. Boston: Beacon Press, 1965.
Greer, Germaine. The Obstacle Course: The Fortunes of Women Painters and Their Work. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1979.
Gruen, John. The Party’s Over Now: Reminiscences of the Fifties—New York’s Artists, Writers, Musicians, and Their Friends. New York: Viking, 1967.
Guggenheim, Peggy. Art of This Century. New York: Art of This Century, 1942.
——. Out of This Century: Confessions of an Art Addict. New York: Universe Books, 1979.
Guilbaut, Serge. How New York Stole the Idea of Modern Art: Abstract Expressionism, Freedom, and the Cold War. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Guild Hall. Exhibition catalogue. Artists and East Hampton. East Hampton, N.Y.: Guild Hall Museum, 1976.
——. Exhibition catalogue. Crosscurrents: An Exchange Between Guild Hall Museum and the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. East Hampton, N.Y.: Guild Hall Museum, 1986.
Hall, Radclyffe. The Well of Loneliness, 1928. Reprint. New York: Avon Books, 1981.
Harvard Law School. Alumni Directory of the Harvard Law School 1973. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Law School, 1973.
Haslam, Malcolm. The Real World of the Surrealists. New York: Galley Press, 1978.
Head, Joseph, and S. L. Cranston, eds. Reincarnation in World Thought. New York: Julian Press, 1967.
Hefner, Robert J., ed. East Hampton’s Heritage. Essays by Clay Lancaster and Robert A. M. Stern. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982.
Helm, MacKinley. Modern Mexican Painters. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1941.
Henderson, Joseph L. Thresholds of Initiation. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1967.
Henstell, Bruce. Sunshine and Wealth: Los Angeles in the Twenties and Thirties. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, n.d.
Hess, Thomas. Abstract Painting: Background and American Phase. New York: Viking, 1951.
Hibbard, Howard. Michelangelo: Painter, Sculptor, Architect. New York: Vendome Press, 1974.
History of Cass and Bates Counties. St. Joseph, Mo.: Steam Press, 1884.
Honeyman, Lois. The Willson Family Tree. Photocopy in possession of Irene Crippen and Dean McClure.
Howe, Irving. World of Our Fathers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976.
Hubbard, L. Ron. Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health: A Handbook of Dianetic Procedure, 1950. Reprint. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, 1978.
Hunter, Sam. Hans Hofmann. New York: Abrams, 1963.
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book for the Church, 1948.
Janis, Sidney. Abstract and Surrealist Art in America. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1944.
——. Exhibition catalogue. Abtract and Surrealist Art in the United States. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art, Jan. 1944.
Jewell, Edward Alden. Have We an American Art? New York: Longman, Green, 1939.
Johnson, Alvin. Pioneer’s Progress. New York: Viking, 1952.
Johnson, G. Wesley, Jr. Phoenix: Valley of the Sun. Tulsa, Okla.: Continental Heritage Press, 1982.
Josephson, Matthew. Infidel in the Temple: A Memoir of the Nineteen-Thirties. New York: Knopf, 1967.
Jung, C. G. Contributions to Analytical Psychology. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1928.
——. Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Pantheon Books, 1961.
——. Modern Man in Search of a Soul. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1933.
——. Two Essays on Analytical Psychology. New York: Meridien Books, 1956.
C. G. Jung Institute of San Francisco: The Shaman from Elko. San Francisco: Jung Institute, 1978.
Kandinsky, Wassily. Concerning the Spiritual in Art. New York: Wittenborn, 1947.
Karp, Walter. The Center: A History and Guide to Rockefeller Center. New York: American Heritage, 1982.
Kazin, Alfred. Starting Out in the Thirties. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962.
Keppel, Frederick A., and R. L. Duffus. The Arts in American Life. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1933.
Keun, Odette. Abroad in America. London: Green, 1939.
Kligman, Ruth. Love Affair. New York: Morrow, 1974.
Klotz, Esther. The Mission Inn: Its History and Artifacts. Riverside, Calif.: Rubidoux Printing, 1981.
Kootz, Samuel M. New Frontiers in American Painting. New York: Hastings House, 1943.
Samuel M. Kootz Gallery. Exhibition catalogue. The Intrasubjectives. New York: Samuel M. Kootz Gallery, 1949.
Kozloff, Max. Renderings: Critical Essays on a Century of Modern Art. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971.
Kramer, Hilton. The Revenge of the Philistines: Art and Culture, 1972–1984. New York: Free Press, 1985.
Krishnamurti, J. Life in Freedom. New York: Horace Liveright, 1928.
Kunitz, Stanley J., ed. Twentieth Century Authors: First Supplement. New York: Wilson, 1955.
Lader, Melvin P. Arshile Gorky. New York: Abbeville Press, Modern Masters Series, 1985.
Landgren, Marchal E. Years of Art: The Story of the Art Students League of New York. New York: McBride, 1940.
Lane, John R., and Susan C. Larsen, eds. Exhibition catalogue. Abstract Painting and Sculpture in America, 1927–1944. Pittsburgh: Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, 1983.
Leason, B. M. Early History of Ringgold County, 1847–1937. Privately published, 1937.
Levy, Julien. Memoir of an Art Gallery. New York: Putnam, 1977.
Lomask, Milton. Seed Money: The Guggenheim Story. New York: Farrar, Straus, 1964.
Lukach, Joan M. Hilla Rebay: In Search of the Spirit in Art. New York: Braziller, 1983.
Lutyens, Emily. Candles in the Sun. London: Hart-Davis, 1957.
Lutyens, Mary. Krishnamurti: The Years of Awakening. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1975.
Lynes, Russell. Good Old Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Modern Art. New York: Atheneum, 1973.
Manual Arts High School. The Artisan: Winter, 1929; Summer, 1929; Winter, 1
930; Summer, 1930. Los Angeles: Manual Arts High School, 1929.
Marlborough-Gerson Gallery. Exhibition catalogue. Jackson Pollock: Black and White. B. H. Friedman, “An Interview with Lee Krasner.” New York: Marlborough-Gerson Gallery, 1969.
Marling, Karal Ann. Tom Benton and His Drawings: A Biographical Essay and a Collection of His Sketches, Studies, and Mural Cartoons. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1985.
Masserman, Jules H. Current Psychiatric Therapies. Vol. 5. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1965.
Maurer, Evan M., and Jennifer L. Bayles. Exhibition catalogue. Gerome Kamrowski: A Retrospective Exhibition. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1983.
Mayhew, Eleanor R., ed. Martha’s Vineyard: A Short History. Edgartown, Mass.: Duke County Historical Society, 1956.
McChesney, Mary Fuller. A Period of Exploration, 1945–1950. Oakland, Calif.: Oakland Museum Art Department, 1973.
McCoy, Garnett, ed. David Smith. New York: Praeger, 1973.
McCullough, David W. Brooklyn … And How It Got That Way. New York: Dial Press, 1983.
McElvaine, Robert S. The Great Depression: America, 1929–41. New York: Times Books, 1984.
McGie, Joseph F. History of Butte County. Butte County, Calif.: Butte County Board of Education, 1982.
McKinzie, Richard D. The New Deal for Artists. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1973.
McWilliams, Carey. Southern California Country: An Island on the Land. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1946.
Melville, Herman: Moby-Dick, or the Whale, 1851. Reprint. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and the Newberry Library, 1988.
Merritt, H. Houston, and Lawrence C. Kolb. The Medical Clinics of North America: May 1958: Clinical Problems in Neurology and Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1958.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. Exhibition catalogue. Monet’s Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1978.
Midtown Galleries. Exhibition catalogue. Philip Guston. New York: Midtown Galleries, 1945.
Missouri, the Center State. Vol. 4. St. Louis: S. J. Clarke, 1915.
Jackson Pollock Page 116
