on Yergan’s fitness for South African missionary service, 86–87
details opening of Christian Union Building, 111–12
Khama, Seretse, President of Botswana, 162
Kings Mountain North Carolina Annual YMCA Colored Work Department conferences, 14, 15, 17
Kleeck, Mary van
and ICAA, 183, 193–96
and IIRI, 184
resigns from CAA, January, 208–9
Koestler, Arthur, 236
Kotane, Moses
Communist Party Native study class, recalled by, 102
described by Yergan, 240
Ku Klux Klan, 7
KUTVU (University of Toilers of the East Named for Stalin), USSR propaganda arm, 161
La Guardia, Fiorello, Mayor of New York city, 212
with Yergan, appeals for calm following 1943 Harlem Riot, 211
La Guma, Jimmy, South African Mixed Race Communist and ICU member, 83
Lasky, Melvin J., anti-Communist author of Der Monat,
urged to join CCF by Sidney Hook, 236
Le Zoute Conference (Belgium, 1926), 64, 67
Yergan stresses “the social teaching of
Jesus,” 67
League against Imperialism, 103
League of Nations, 188
Leselinyana la Lesotho, 61–62
Lester, Robert MacDonald, Secretary of Carnegie Corporation
Yergan enlarges on proposal for Institute for Social Workers, 135–36
Liebman, Marvin, 257
Lincoln University, Pennsylvania
Fred Yergan interviewed in The Lincolnian, 191
Yergan speaks on “Man’s Struggles in the World of Today,” 191
Linkage between South African and African American “Black” questions, 83–84
Litvinov, Maxim, Frieda Neugebauer’s political interest in, 151
Lloyd, Thomas Hezekiah, African-American YMCA Secretary in East Africa, 27–28
Locke, Alain Leroy, Howard University Professor, 177
Loram, Charles Templeman, 41, 135
lauds Yergan during visit to Tuskegee Institute, 67
Lovedale Missionary Institute, 54–55
William Govan of, 47
D. A. Hunter of, 41
A. D. Roberts of, 41
visited by John R. Mott and Ruth Rouse, 55
Lovestone, Jay
intercedes on Yergan’s behalf with Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 239–40
“Lozovsky, A.” (Solomon Abramovich Dridzo)
and Yergan’s tourist visit to the Soviet Union, 158
Lumumba, Patrice Emery, first Prime Minister, Republic of Congo, 258–59
as protégé of Ghanaian Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah, 258
Luthuli, Albert John Mvumbi, singled out for praise by Yergan, 66
McDonald, Henry T., Storer College president, 17
McLaurin, George W., suit against University of Oklahoma, 236
MacLeish, Archibald, 216
Mahabane, Z. R., ANC President, 86
Makonnen, Ras Teferi Tomasa (aka George Thomas Griffith), 142, 144
Colored YMCA connections congenial, 144
meets Yergan at London flat of Bunche (1937), 179
on Yergan’s political orientation, 180
retrospective consideration of Yergan, 143–44
Malan, D. F., apartheid theoretician, 247
Mandel, Benjamin, attends meeting with Yergan and Robert Morris, 239
Mandela, Nelson R. Comments on Yergan’s criticism of Defiance Campaign, 244–45
hears Yergan at Bantu Men’s Social Center, Johannesburg, 248
Maran, René, 177–78
and ICAA, 178, 182–83, 193
meets Yergan in Paris, 177–78, 182–83, 193
Marcantonio, Vito, Communist East Harlem Congressman, 227
Marianhill, 66
Marks, John Beaver, ACP leader, ANC member
and Defiance Campaign, 243, 244
Yergan on, 240, 241
Marxism-Leninism, Yergan and, 140–41
Matanzima, Kaiser Daliwonga, during Yergan’s Transkei Bantustan “state visit” 263–64
Mathews, Basil Joseph, shares honors with Yergan, 68
Matthews, Frieda Bokwe, 162
Matthews, Z. K., 100, 162
and Defiance Campaign, 243–44
praised by Yergan, 66
refutes Yergan on South African communism, 245–46
skeptical toward Pan-Africanism, 182
Mau Mau Emergency, 244
Maxeke, Charlotte Manye, 147
attends Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 107
leads NNC and women’s section, 50
Mays, Benjamin Elijah, on Kings Mountain conferences, 14, 17
Mbeki, Govan, 132, 134, 139–42, 158–59, 165
radicalized by Yergan, 137–42, 167
Melbourn, Julius, 11
Men of New York (YMCA publication), includes Yergan’s “Seeking Greater Justice” (1927), 67
Menon, V. K. Krishna, 226
Meröe Society, CCNY, 189
Meyer, Frank, 261
Middledrift (South Africa) drought relief campaign food drive
CAA and, 214, 221–22, 232
Yergan memo on, 232
Miller, Francis Pickens, WSCF Chairman, 90, 130
attends Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 107
Mineral Revolution in South Africa c. 1866–86, 48
Mission education in South Africa, and modernity 47–48
Mochudi School in Bechuanaland (Botswana), Yergan visits, 60
Mombasa, 25–26
Moorland, Jesse Edward, 13, 22, 25–28, 31, 33, 51, 78
hears Yergan plans for social service research institute, 65–66
Morija Training Institution, Basutoland (Lesotho), 60–63
Moroka, Dr. James Sebe, ANC president, 162, 172, 243
Morris, Robert, Chief counsel, Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, 239–41
Morse, Richard C. consulting general secretary, YMCA International Committee, 17
Moton, R. R., principal, Tuskegee Institute, 43
Mott, John R., 35, 42, 54, 104
leads postwar Hoover Refugee Relief Commission, 80
visits South Africa with Ruth Rouse, 55–56
Mouvement Nationale Congolaise (MNC/L), 258
Msimang, Henry Selby, general secretary, 172
M’Timkulu,, Donald G., student leader at Fort Hare
acceptability of Yergan to Fort Hare black students, 99–100
attends Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 109, 111
meeting with Yergan at Bunche’s London flat, 181–82
on Frieda Neugebauer at Fort Hare, 150
Murphy, George Benjamin Jr., and NNC, 192
Murray, Andrew, founder of first YMCA branch in Cape Town, 53
Mysore Conference, WSCF (1928), 75, 86–89
Nash, Vernon, 29, 30
Natal University College, Pietermaritzburg, 60
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 91
Yergan awarded Spingarn Medal, 134
National Negro Congress (NNC), 3, 154, 159, 183, 189, 194, 215, 223, 227, 231, 241, 262
Ralph Bunche and, 195
called “subversive and communist,” 229
John P. Davis and, 187
first congress (Chicago, 1936), 168–70
Dorothy Kelso Funn resigns from, 227
history of, 168–70
Joint Committee on Negro Recovery (JCNR), 168
A. Philip Randolph and, 168,
second Congress, Philadelphia, 1937), 198–200
viewed by White House, 204–5
Yergan emerges within, 168–170, 187–88
“Native Republic” thesis, 80
“self-determination” in the Black Belt, 101–4
See also Communist Party (South Africa)
“Native Student of South Africa and Their Problems, The” (Yergan, 1923), 63
Native Teachers’ Association (South Africa), 55
Natives Land Act (1911), 4
Ncwana, Llewellyn D., identified by Yergan as an anti-Communist ANC leader, 240
“Negro History and Culture” CCNY syllabus, 185–87
“Negro questions,” of North America and South Africa, linked by Yergan, 80–85;
“Native Question,” 101–4
Nehru, Jawaharlal, Pandit, prime minister of India
receives letter about Yergan from NAACP leader Walter White, 245
Neugebauer, Frieda (1915–1967), 100, 150–52, 170, 183
aids South Africa study tour of Ralph Bunche, 151
close to South African CP, 150
Council on African Affairs and, 151
and Mary and Nancy Dick, 151
at Fort Hare, 100, 150
and ICAA operations, 193
and Govan Mbeki, 151
and USSR and Litvinov, 151
New York Times, Yergan and, 178
Nieuw Amsterdam, Yergan voyages on, 18–19
Nkrumah, Francis Nwia-Kofi (Kwame), 220, 258
attends 1944 CAA conference on Africa, 213
Nongqawuse, isiXhosa-speaking seer, 46
Northeastern University (YMCA college) Yergan speaks on “The New Africa” (1928), 79
Northey, Sir Edward, governor of Kenya, denies admission of American Negroes into East Africa, 41
Ntsikana, Christian convert, singer and composer of isiXhosa hymns, 46, 56
Ntantala, Phyllis, Fort Hare alumna and widow of A. C. Jordan, criticizes Yergans, 225
Nurse, Malcolm. See Padmore, George
Nxele, Maqana, isiXhosa-speaking seer, 46
Nyabongo, Akiki K., at 1937 meeting at Bunche’s London flat, 181
Nyborg Denmark General Committee Meeting of WSCF (1926), 66, 90
Nzula, Albert T., African Communist Party general secretary, 133
Ohlange Institute, 66
Osborne, Estelle M. Riddle. See Riddle, Estelle M.
Ovington, Mary White, 76, 91
includes Yergan in Portraits in Color, (1927), 68
Yergan letter to Ovington (1928), 82–83
Yergan writes about South African elections and Fort Hare conference, 92–96
Padmore, George (b. Malcolmn Nurse) Communist turned Pan-Africanist theorist, 179, 220
writes Du Bois about black South African opinion of Yergan, 224–25
Pagano, Ruby, 270
Page, Kirby, on Nieuw Amsterdam voyage with Yergan, 18–19
Pan-Africanism vii, I, 2, 5, 39, 40, 45, 167
Pan-Negroism, 5, 15, 45
Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi, diplomat protests South African irredentism in Southwest Africa at CAA rally (1946), 226
Pant, Apa B., Indian High Commissioner to Kenya
Yergan meets with in Nairobi, 244
Park, A. Perry, 30
Patterson, William L., prominent African American office-holder in the Communist party, 163
Paul, K. T., Indian YMCA leader, 33, 34, 36
attends General Meeting of WSCF at Mysore (1928), 86
People’s Voice, 202, 206, 214–15, 216–18, 222, 229, 231
Robeson discontinues column in, 229
Yergan eulogizes President Roosevelt in, 215
Petioni, Charles Augustin, 227
Phelps Stokes, Anson, 76, 95, 232–33
on favorable Black reactions to lack of racism in USSR, 232
Yergan sends copy of Berlin CCF speech, 237
Phelps Stokes Educational Commission to South Africa, 1921
Thomas Jesse Jones, J. E. K. Aggrey and, 42
Phillips, Mary, early teacher of Yergan, 7
Phillips, Ray Edmund, missionary on American Board of Foreign Commissioners (ABCFM)
attends Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 107
hosts Yergan in Johannesburg during Defiance Campaign, 244
Pickett, Clarence E., executive secretary of American Friends Service Committee, 167, 189, 194
Pim, Howard, South African Quaker Liberal
attends Fort Hare Bantu-European Conference, 107–8
Yergan helps plan for 1934 Transkei study tour, 136–37
Plaatje, Solomon (“Sol”), 75
Porter, David R., of National Council of YMCA, 90–92, 124–27
Powell, Adam Clayton Jr., 202, 209, 214, 249
Pritchett, Robert S. 8, 32
“Racial adjustment,” 45
Raleigh, North Carolina, 5, 6, 7, 11, 23
“slave aristocracy” in, 11, 23
Raleigh News and Observer, 6, 7
Rand Revolt (Witwatersrand Mining Strike, 1922) 51–52
Yergan’s arrival in South Africa coinciding with, 51
ABCFM missionary F. B. Bridgman’s account of, 51
Randolph, Asa Philip
and National Negro Congress, 168
succeeded by Yergan as second NNC president, 208
Rapp-Coudert hearings, on Communist infiltration of N.Y. State education, 200–201
Rauschenbusch, Walter (1861–1918), 14–15
See also Social gospel movement
Reid, Ira de Augustine, 135
Representation of Natives in Parliament Bill, 85
Riddle, Estelle M., 218
Rivonia Treason Trial, 262
Roberts, A. D. missionary, 41
Robeson, Eslanda Cardozo Goode (“Essie”), 172
on “exciting and encouraging conditions in” Soviet Union, 163
friendship with Yergan, 154
witnesses second AAC (1936), 172
Robeson, Paul, 203, 222, 232
connections shared during Yergan’s visit to London(1931), 114–15
discontinues People’s Voice column, 229
favors Yergan’s resignation from YMCA (1936), 164
friendship with Yergan, 154
included in Portraits in Color, 68
split with Yergan, 233
Yergan’s appraisal of (1937), 178
Yergan cites association with “communist outfit” in CAA, 242
Robinson, Robert, 161
Rockefeller Foundation, Yergan and, 95, 178
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 207, 239
invited by Yergan to testimonial honoring Robeson, 213
Roosevelt, President Franklin, Yergan requests meeting with, 187
Rouse, Ruth, 55
Roux, Edward
founds Ferreirastown Communist Party night school, 101
quotes Thibedi, 102
Rowan, Carl Thomas, 268–69
Roy, M. N., 103
Rusher, William A., 266
Rustoord (Rusoord), in Somerset Strand, Yergan attends conference in, 60
Saarow Conference (1923), 64
St. Ambrose Episcopal Parish School, 7
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, Portuguese dictator, 259
Sanders, Frank, 27
Saunders, Kenneth James, 33, 36
Saunders, Una, Yergan writes regarding YWCA work with “Bantu” girls, 121
Schapera, Isaac, and Ralph Bunche, 172
Schappes, Morris Urman, backs Yergan at City College, 184
Schieffelin, William Jay, 68, 89
“School people,” Black South African mission-school educated Christian converts, 47–48
Schuyler, George Samuel, columnist, 236–37
describes Yergan as “noted Kremlin apologist,” 223
friendship with Yergan develops, 235
resigns from CCF, 248
Scottsboro case, Yergan seeks meeting with President Roosevelt to discuss, 187
“Seeking Better Justice” (Yergan), 67
“Self-determination” in the Black Belt, 101–4
Selope Thema, R. V., 173
during South African Defiance Campaign, 243
Seme, Pixley ka Isaka, 75
See also “School people”
“Separate development” 263–65
discussed as “realistic” policy,” 264
> Yergan on, 263
Shaka ka Senzangakhona, Zulu King and nation builder, 48
Shaw University, 1, 5, 8, 10, 12, 31
Yergan joins campus YMCA, 1
Silone, Ignazio, 236
Sisulu, W. M., ANC and Communist Party leader
during Defiance Campaign (1952), 243, 248
rebuts Yergan’s U.S. News article (1953), 247–48
Smith Edwin W., speaks at town hall meeting on “Africa and the World War (1943),” 208
Smith, Ferdinand Christopher
with Yergan and Mayor La Guardia, appeals for calm following Harlem Riot (1943), 211
Smith, Homer W. (“Chatwood Hall”)
quotes Yergan on why he left South Africa, 171
Smuts, Jan C.
and afternath of WWI in South Africa, 49–50
Oxford radio address (1929), 97–99
Social gospel movement, 14–16, 141–43, 144
Socialism, 5, 140–2
Soga, Alan Kirkland, son of Tiyo and J. B.
Soga, Yergan and, 47, 59
Soga, Tiyo, famed isiXhosa-speaking Christian convert, 46
Sokolsky, George Ephraim, conservative columnist, on Yergan, 246
South Africa, 4, 34–35, 171, 198
African YMCA Work in, 53–58, 59–63
African-American influence in, 48–49
Black Y work in, 35, 54–63
YMCA work in, 34, 53–77
South Africa Foundation
Yergan’s 1964 visit, 263
South African Institute of Race Relations, 144
South African Native National Congress (SANNC), precursor to African National Congress, 48, 59
South African War (1899–1902), 48
Southern Rhodesia
Yergan’s visit to, 266–268
Southern Workman, The (Hampton Institute journal)
publishes “Race Currents and Conditions in South Africa” (Yergan), 67
Soviet Union
impressions of African-Americans there as tourists, 160–61
Essie Robeson on encouraging conditions in, 163
“special” tourist visit by Yergan, 157–62
Spelman College, 129
Springfield College (YMCA college, Massachusetts), 18
Yergan awarded honorary Master of Humanics, 135
Yergan takes secretarial course in, 16
Stearns, Torrey, lionizes Yergan as “missionary to his own people,” 33
Stellenbosch University, 54–55
Stettinius, Edward Reilly, U.S. representative to the UN, Yergan sends six-point program to, 219
Stevens, Hope, joins Yergan and Mayor La Guardia in urging calm after Harlem Riot, 211
Storer College, 1
Strong, Edward E., 207
Stuart, Herbert, 28–29
Student Christian Association (SCA), 45, 51, 78, 94, 132, 240, 271
first Native Department Conference, 66
Max Yergan Page 48
