by Will Durant
SOCRATES, Ecclesiastical History, London, 1892.
STATIUS, Poems, Loeb Library. 2V.
STRABO, Geography, Loeb Library. 8V.
STRONG, E., Art in Ancient Rome, N. Y., 1928. 2V.
SUETONIUS, Works, Loeb Library. 2V.
* SUMNER, W. G., Folkways, Boston, 1906.
War and Other Essays, Yale U.P., 1911.
SYME, R., The Roman Revolution, Oxford, 1939.
SYMONDS, J. A., Studies of the Greek Poets, London, 1920.
XXI TACITUS, Annals, Loeb Library.
XXII Histories, Loeb Library.
Works, tr. Murphy, London, 1830.
TAINE, H., Essai sur Tite Live, Paris, 1874.
Modern Regime, N. Y., 1890. 2V.
TALMUD, Babylonian, tr., London, 1935f. 24V.
TARN, W. W., Hellenistic Civilization, London, 1927.
TAYLOR, H., Cicero, Chicago, 1916.
TERENCE, Comedies, London, 1898.
TERTULLIAN, Apologeticus, etc., Loeb Library.
THIERRY, A., Histoire de la Gaule sous l’administration romaine, Paris, 1840. 3V
THOMPSON, SIR E., Introduction to Greek and Latin Paleography, Oxford, 1912.
THORNDIKE, L., History of Magic and Experimental Science, N. Y., 1929. 2V.
THUCYDIDES, History of the Peloponnesian War, Everyman Library.
TIBULLUS, Poems, cf. Catullus.
TOUTAIN, J., Economic Life of the Ancient World, N. Y., 1930.
TOYNBEE, A. J., A Study of History, Oxford, 1935. 3V.
TRENCH, R., Plutarch, London, 1874.
UEBERWEG, F., History of Philosophy, N. Y., 1871. 2V.
USHER, A., History of Mechanical Inventions, N. Y., 1929.
VALERIUS MAXIMUS, Factorum et dictorum, Berlin, 1854.
VARRO, M., Rerum rusticarum, Loeb Library.
XXIII VIRGIL, Poems, Loeb Library. 2V.
VITRUVIUS, De architectura, Loeb Library.
VOGELSTEIN, H., Rome, Phila., 1940.
VOLTAIRE, Philosophical Dictionary, N. Y., 1901.
WARD, C. O., The Ancient Lowly, Chicago, 1907. 2V.
WATSON, P. B., Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, N. Y., 1884.
WEIGALL, A., The Paganism in Our Christianity, N. Y., 1928.
WEISE, O., Language and Character of the Roman People, London, 1909.
WESTERMARCK, E., Origin and Development of the Moral Ideas, London. 1917. 2V.
WHITE, E. L., Why Rome Fell, N. Y., 1927.
WICKHOFF, F., Roman Art, London, 1900.
WILLIAMS, H., History of Science, N. Y., 1909. 5V.
WINCKELMANN, J., History of Ancient Art, Boston, 1880. 2V.
WRIGHT, F., History of Later Greek Literature, N. Y., 1932.
ZEITLIN, S., The Jews, Phila., 1936.
The Pharisees and the Gospels, N. Y., 1938.
Index
I am indebted for this index to the careful scholarship of Mr. Arnold Canell.—W. D.
A
Abeona, 59
abortion, 211, 222, 313, 363-364, 396-397, 479, 505, 598, 666
About Nature, see Physeos, Peri
Abraham, 626, 662
absentee landlordism, 77, 233, 311, 631
Abstinents, 605
Abtolim, Jewish rabbi (fl. 1st century B.C.), 538
Ab Urbe Condita (Livy), 250-252
Academic, see Platonic
Academica (Cicero), 163*
Academy, Plato’s, 421, 489, 495, 497
Acca Larentia (Lupa), nurse of Romulus and Remus, 12
Accius, tragic dramatist (170-? B.C..), 98
Achaea, 216, 424, 482
Achaean League, 86
Achaemenids, 507, 528, 529, 641
Acheron, 147, 238, 389
Achillas, Egyptian general (fl. 1st century B.C..), 187
Achilleid (Statius), 316
Achilles, 37, 100, 353, 354, 381
Acropolis, 487
Acta Diurna, 172, 382, 435, 447
Acta Senatus, 435
Acte, Claudia, mistress of Nero (1st century), 277, 284
acting, in Etruria, 18;
in Rome, 18, 73-74, 83, 99, 223, 265-266, 278-279, 283, 378-379, 428
Actium (naval battle, 31 B.C..), 128, 139, 207, 208, 217, 218, 219, 241, 358, 434, 442, 465, 482
Acts of the Apostles, The, 403, 554, 556, 573, 575-595
Acts of the Martyrs, 648, 652
Adam, 588-589, 509
Addison, Joseph, English essayist and poet (1672-1719), 304
Adelphi (Terence), 101
Aden (anc. Adena), 325, 508
Adige (anc. Athesis), 454
administration, of Caesar, 190-194;
of Augustus, 215-217;
of Claudius, 270-271;
of Nero, 275-276;
of Vespasian, 287-288;
of Domitian, 291;
under the Principate, 293, 328, 330, 344, 391, 434;
of Trajan, 409, 441;
of Hadrian, 414-416, 419-420;
of Antoninus Pius, 422-424;
of Commodus, 447-448;
of Alexander Severus, 626-627;
of Gallienus, 629;
of Diocletian, 639-645;
of Constantine, 664;
monarchic, 668-669
Adonis, 256, 523, 553, 595
Adoptionists, 605
Ad Pisones (Horace), 249
Adramyttium, 518
Adria (anc. Hadria, or Atria), 11, 414
Adrian of Tyre, Greek rhetorician (ca. 112 ca. 192), 488-489
Adrianople (anc. Adrianopolis), 483, 655, 670
Adriatic Sea, 37, 47, 50, 157, 183, 184, 203, 207, 232, 324, 325, 414, 455, 480, 496, 602
Aduatici, 175
adultery, 69, 134-135, 144, 157, (Caesar’s) 168-169, 202, 211, 222-224, 229, 230-232, 248, 253, 255, 272-273, 274, 279, 290, 293, 297-298, 302, 312, 363, 369-370, 396, 424, 430, 438, 479, 485, 495, 529, 562, 599, 618, 621, 622
Adversus Haereses (Irenaeus), 612
Aebutia, lex, 401
Aedes Vestae, 359
aediles, 22, 28, 29*, 74, 82, 99, 328, 336, 369
Aedui, 174-175, 177
Aegatean (Aegadean) Isles, 45
Aegean Sea, 139, 157, 429, 514, 592, 602, 630
Aelia Capitolina, see Jerusalem
Aelianus, Claudius, historian (fl. 2nd century), 442
Aelius, see Aristides, Publius Aelius
Aelius, Pons, 422
Aemilia, stepdaughter of Sulla and wife of Pompey (fl. 1st century B.C..), 134
Aemilian (Marcus Julius Aemilius Aemilianus), Roman emperor (?-253), 629
Aemilian Way, 78
Aemilii, Roman clan, 21, 364
Aemilius, Pons, 340, 438
Aeneas, 12, 61, 98, 148, 167, 237, 239-241, 382, 456
Aeneid (Virgil), 225, 239-244, 254, 456
Aenesidemus of Cnossus, Greek Skeptic (1st century), 494
Aequi, 36
aerarium, 220
Aeschines, Athenian orator (389-314 B.C..), 95
Aeschylus, Greek dramatist (525-456 B.C..), 258
Aesculapius, 62, 75, 311, 487, 526
Aesopus, Claudius, tragic actor (fl. 1st century B.C..), 133, 160, 378
Aethiopica (Heliodorus), 636-637
Aetna, 265
Aetolian League, 85
Afranius, politician (?-46 B.C..), 129, 185
Africa, 38, 39, 40, 53, 54, 78, 85, 105, 106-107, 111, 112, 119, 123, 138, 183, 189, 190, 203, 216, 237, 246, 297, 308, 313, 320, 322, 326, 328-329, 336, 346, 347, 356, 366, 413, 417, 418, 431, 441, 442, 455, 464-466, 468, 470, 475, 499, 513, 523, 602, 603, 606, 613, 618, 621, 628, 631, 633, 636, 658, 659, 669-670
Africanus, Sextus Julius, Christian historian (?-232), 555
Against Apion (Josephus), 500, 546
Against Catiline (Cicero), 142
Against Celsus (Origen), 606, 615
agape, 386, 597-598
Agathocles, Tyrant of Syracuse (361?-289 B.C..), 42
ager publicus, 76, 113-114, 116, 121, 171, 287,
320, 336
Aglibol, 511
Agnus Dei, 578-579
Agricola, Cnaeus Julius, governor (37-93), 288, 291, 433-434, 435-436, 476
Agricola (Tacitus), 433-434, 435-436
agriculture, Carthaginian, 39-40, 42;
under Rome, 54, 76-77, 103-104, (agrarian revolt) 111-127, 190, 192, 211, 235, 237-239, 311, 319-321, 338, 348, 410-411, 448, 464, 473, 474, 476, 478, 483, 498, 522, 528-529, 535, 631-633, 644, 665, 668, 671
Agrigentum (Girgenti), 52, 112, 464
Agrippa, King of Chalcis (30-100), 586-587
Agrippa, Herod, King of the Jews (reigned 41-44), 543
Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, general (63-12 B.C..), 205, 207, 212, 214, 215, 219-220, 230-232, 263*, 308, 340, 359, 375, 420, 474
Agrippa, Baths of, 290, 340, 359, 375
Agrippina, wife of Germanicus (?-33 A.D.), 262-265, 273
Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero (?-59), 263*, 272, 273-275, 277, 279, 280, 302, 479
Ahenobarbi, Domitii, Roman family, 274
Ahenobarbus, Cnaeus Domitius, father of Nero (fl. 1st century), 273, 274, 282, 334
Ahriman, 524
Ahura-Mazda, 524, 529
Aisne (anc. Axona), 175
Akiba ben Joseph, Jewish rabbi (40-138), 547-549
Alalia, battle of (535 B.C..), 7
Alaric, King of the Visigoths (376?-410), 670
Alba Longa, 11, 12, 241, 344
Alban hills, 77, 82
Albania, in Asia, 413
Alban poetry contest, 316
Albinus, procurator of Judea (fl. 1st century), 543
Albinus, Clodius, rival of Septimius Severus for emperorship (?-192), 621
Alcaeus, Greek lyric poet (620-580 B.C..), 247
Alcibiades, Athenian politician and general (450-404 B.C.), 147
Alciphron, Greek letter writer (fl. 180), 488
Alcmaeon, 278
Alcmena, 93, 100
Alcon, surgeon (fl. 1st century), 312
Aldobrandini, Villa, 454*
“Aldobrandin” Wedding, 354
Alemanni, 175, 627, 629, 638
Alesia (Alise Ste.-Reine), 177
Alexander the Great, King of Macedon (356-323 B.C..), 28, 37, 39, 169, 194, 208, 218, 226, 302, 413, 500, 557*, 623, 636, 641
Alexander, Bishop of Alexandria (fl. 4th century), 658-660, 662
Alexander, son of Herod the Great (?-6 B.C..), 534
Alexander of Abonoteichus, Greek worker of miracles (fl. 1st century), 525-526
Alexander Severus (Marcus Alexianus Bassi-anus Aurelius Severus Alexander), Roman emperor (208?-235), 375, 623, 625-627, 628, 634, 635, 645, 650
Alexander Severus, Baths of, 375
Alexandria, 93, 155, 158, 159, 186, 187-188, 190, 204, 206, 207, 211, 218, 234, 253, 266, 280, 291, 299, 312, 323, 325, 326, 329, 331, 339, 347, 352, 355, 356, 368, 374, 378, 380, 386, 389, 419, 431, 465, 494, 498-506, 508, 516, 521-522, 544, 545, 546, 604, 608, 611, 613, 615, 623, 626, 630, 634, 635, 650, 658-659, 660*, 666
Alexandria, library of, 188, 291, 516, 635
Alexandria, Museum of, 415, 419
Alexandria Issi (Alexandretta), 513
Alexandrian style, 361
Alexandria Troas, 516, 583, 602
Alfieri, Vittorio, Count, Italian dramatist (1749-1803), 3
algebra, 633-634
Alighieri, Dante, Italian poet (1265-1321), 8, 240, 243, 422, 437, 671
alimenta, 407, 411, 427, 461, 666
Allia (battle, 390 B.C..), 36
alphabet, Latin, 73, 269
Alps, 3, 5, 6, 11, 36, 47, 48-49, 53, 87, 118, 119, 137, 175, 178, 324, 429, 454, 474, 602, 628, 640, 654, 670
Altamira, 468
Altar of the Augustan Peace, see Ara Pacis Augustae
Altinum, 461
Amasea (Amasia), 520
Amastris (Amasra), 157, 520
Ambarvalia (Feast of the Arval Brotherhood), 59, 66
Ambiani, 175, 471*
Ambracia (Arta), 92
Ambracian Gulf (Gulf of Arta), 207
America, 132, 307, 352
America, Latin, 671
American Revolution, 192, 670
Amhaarez, 562
Amicitia, De (Cicero), 163*
Amiens (anc. Samarobriva, later Ambiani), 471*
Amisus (Samsun), 520
Amiternum, 455
Ammianus Marcellinus, historian (fl. 4th century), 322*, 365, 380, 402, 471, 504
Amores (Ovid), 254
amphitheaters, 82, 90, 111, 133, 277, 355, 359-361, 362, 378, 383-387, 410, 454, 455, 456, 459, 460-461, 465, 466, 474, 508, 512, 532, 612-613, 648, 649, 653
Amphitryon (Plautus), 100
Ampurias (anc. Emporium), 47
amulets, 60, 62, 373
Amulius, legendary usurper to the throne of Latium (8th century B.C..), 12
Amulius, painter (fl. 1st century), 352
Amyot, Jacques, French savant, and Bishop of Auxerre (1513-1593), 637
Anabasis of Alexander (Flavian), 520
Anacreon, Greek lyric poet (560?-475? B.C..), 158, 235, 247, 509
Analogy, On (Caesar), 162
Anastasius I, Roman Pope (?-401), 615
ancestor worship, 56, 59, 83-84, 226
Anchises, 240-241, 382
Ancona, 410
Ancus Marcius, fourth King of Rome (fl. 7th century B.C..), 14
Ancyra (Angora), 513
Andrew, apostle, 563
Andria (Terence), 101
Androcles, slave (dates uncertain), 385
Andromeda, 256
anesthetics, 313, 505
Anger, On (Seneca), 302
Anglo-Saxon, 477
Anicetus, Roman Pope (ca. 157-ca. 168), 617
Anicetus, courtier of Nero (fl. 1st century B.C..), 279
Anima, De (Tertullian), 613
animals, feeling for, in Lucretius, 147;
in Virgil, 238;
Pliny on, 310;
Hadrian’s, 414
animism, 60
Anio, 22
Anio Novus Aqueduct, 270
Anna, daughter of Phanuel, 542
Annales (Ennius), 98, 164
Annales (Tacitus), 434-437, 442
Anna Perenna, 65
Annas, priest (in the Bible), 571
Annona, 388
Annunciation, 558
Anthony, Saint, Egyptian founder of monachism (251-356?), 445, 657
anthropology, Lucretius on, 152-153
Antibes (anc. Antipolis), 78, 474
Anti-Cato (Caesar), 195
Antichrist, 575, 593
Antigonus, King of Judea (fl. 43 B.C..), 531
Anti-Lebanon Mountains, 511
Antinoöpolis, 419
Antinoüs, Greek favorite of Hadrian (?-122), 419, 442, 523
Antioch (Antakia), 54, 205, 280, 329, 413, 418, 428, 495, 504, 534, 546, 576, 582-583, 585, 588, 602, 608, 611, 623, 626, 629, 635, 650
Antioch (in Pisidia), 582
Antiochus III the Great, King of Syria (reigned 223-187 B.C..), 55, 86, 88, 91, 528
Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria (200?-164 B.C..), 107, 418, 487, 534, 540
Antiochus of Ascalon, Greek Platonic philosopher (fl. 1st century B.C..), 489
Antipater, son of Herod the Great (?-4 B.C..), 534-535
Antipater the Idumean, father of Herod and procurator of Judea (?-43 B.C..), 531
Antiquities of the Jews, The (Josephus), 546, 554
anti-Semitism, 546, 595
Antium (Anzio), 280, 340, 453
Antonia, mother of Germanicus and Claudius (1st century B.C..-1st century A.D.), 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 274, 371
Antonines, 324, 392, 405, 411, 437, 442, 449, 516, 620
Antoninus Pius (Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius), Roman emperor (86-161), 345, 368, 392, 395, 396, 398, 408, 421-425, 426, 427, 428, 430, 444, 511, 549, 611, 648
Antoninus, Wall of, 476
Antonius, governor (fl. ca. 190), 605
Antonius, Lucius, governor (fl. 1st century B.C..), 204-205
Antonius, Marcus (Mark Antony), Roman general (83-30 B.C..), 70, 155, 160, 161, 169, 181, 185, 188, 191, 195-208, 211, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 236, 239, 261, 265, 268, 273, 274, 309, 312, 329, 371, 372, 373, 412, 413, 418, 448, 482, 512, 516, 531, 583, 640
Antonius, Marcus, Roman general, father of Antony (fl. 1st century B.C..), 144, 160
Antonius Primus, general of Vespasian (fl. 1st century), 285, 301
Antyllus, ophthalmologist (fl. 1st century), 505
Anubis, 390
Apamea, 512, 514, 629
Apamea Celaenae, 513
Apelles, Greek painter (fl. 330 B.C..), 352, 355
Apennines, 3, 11, 50, 121, 141, 236, 253, 270, 344
Aphrodite, 512, 516
Aphrodite, Temple of (Jerusalem), 663
Aphrodite Pandemos, Temple of, 487
Apicata, divorced wife of Sejanus (?-31 A.D.), 264
Apicius, famous epicure (fl. reign of Tiberius), 376-377
Apion, Greek grammarian (fl. 1st century), 546
apocalypse, 540-542, 564-570, 575, 590-591, 592-595, 605, 616
Apocolocyntosis or Pumpkinification (Seneca), 275, 350
Apocrypha, 539-540, 559, 575*
Apollinaris Sidonius, Caius Sollius, Saint, bishop and poet (430?-482?), 473
Apollo, 8, 62, 64, 236-237, 240, 280, 351, 358, 381, 458, 513
Apollo the Healer, 62
Apollo, Temple of, 358
Apollo, Temple of (Pompeii), 459
Apollo the Healer, Temple of, 62
Apollo Belvedere, 349, 453
Apollodorus, Greek architect (fl. reign of Trajan), 411, 421
Apollodorus, attendant of Cleopatra (1st century B.C..), 187
Apollonia (near Valona), 200, 480, 482
Apollonia (in Palestine), 508
Apollonius of Athens, Greek sculptor in Rome (fl. ca. birth of Christ), 349
Apollonius of Rhodes, Greek poet and grammarian (fl. 222-181 B.C..), 241
Apollonius of Tyana, Greek philosopher (fl. 1st century), 515, 526, 622, 626
Apollonius, Life of (Philostratus), 526, 622
Apollonius Molo of Alabanda, Greek rhetorician (fl. 1st century B.C..), 141, 514
Apollo of Veii, 10
Apollo Room, 132
Apologeticus (Tertullian), 612
Apologia (Apuleius), 467
“Apologies,” 611
apostles, 556, 557, 563-565, 567, 571, 572, 575-595
Appian (Appianus), historian (fl. 2nd century), 189, 196, 197, 424, 442, 471, 518, 519
Appian Aqueduct, 29, 81, 340
Appian Way (via Appia), 29, 77-78, 138, 340, 617
Apuleius, satirist and philosopher (fl. 2nd century), 155, 299, 402, 442, 465, 466-468, 485, 487, 525, 612, 636, 637
Apulia, 50, 53, 112, 139, 244, 455
