Ready For a Brand New Beat

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Ready For a Brand New Beat Page 27

by Mark Kurlansky


  move to Los Angeles, 212, 217

  percussion techniques of, 75, 126, 145

  political noninvolvement of, Motown bubble, 100–101, 198

  political participation of, 197–98, 200

  Rayber Music Company precursor, 70–71

  revitalization of record industry, 132

  sale of company, 217

  separate labels and ancillary companies of, 87

  talent discovery and development of, 75–78, 79–80, 87–88, 122

  Tamla label and studio, 71–75

  teenage market of, 85

  white audiences of, 85, 88–89, 123–24, 147, 174–75, 236

  white promotion and sales force of, 89

  Muste, A. J., 11

  NAACP, 55, 80, 161, 162, 229

  Negroes with Guns (Williams), 163

  Newark riots, 182

  Newsweek magazine, 34

  New York Times

  on aspirations of blacks, 116

  on lack of song in Occupy Wall Street movement, 103

  on March on Washington, 105

  on Motown staff, 82

  on Presley’s television appearances, 43–44

  on rock ’n’ roll, 22, 29–30

  Sullivan v. New York Times lawsuit, 139

  Noonan, Martha, 171–72

  Norman, Philip, 125–26

  Nyro, Laura, 195, 218–20

  Obama, Barack, 172, 174, 232, 235

  Ochs, Phil, 176

  Parker, Colonel Tom, 44, 45–46

  Parker, William, 168

  Paul, Clarence, 94, 214, 215

  People Under the Stairs, 232

  Peter, Paul, and Mary, 103, 133, 193

  Potter, Peter, 30–31

  Powell, Maxine, xviii, 124–25

  Presley, Elvis

  contract purchase by RCA Records, 17

  crossover appeal of, 25, 26, 37

  disapproval of, 29, 43–44

  on Ed Sullivan Show, 29, 42–43

  gospel influence on, 48

  in Jailhouse Rock, 23

  R&B interpretation of bluegrass, 27

  respectable image of, 43, 45–47

  television appearance with Sinatra, 46

  Preston, Billy, 219

  Rayber Music Company, 70–71

  R&B

  as black music, 4, 10

  in Detroit, 62

  downplay of black roots by promoters, 17

  Fender Precision electric sound of, 72

  first use of term rhythm & blues, 8

  45 rpm single recordings of, 13

  political edge of, 172, 198

  popularity among whites, 15–16

  repetitive phrasing of, 146

  roots and influences of, 7–8, 9, 48–49

  songs of civil rights movement, 172

  suitability for radio of, 14

  white singers of, 129, 219, 221

  RCA Records, 17

  Reagan, Ronald, 228

  Reagon, Cordell, 103

  Recess: School’s Out, 231

  Red Army Ensemble, 226

  Redding, Otis, 181, 222

  Red Squares, 180

  Reese, Della, 67, 88, 90, 97

  Reeves, Martha

  affection for Gaye, xix

  assembly of Vandellas, 97–98

  backup for Gaye’s album, 96–97

  childhood home of, 141–42

  “Dancing in the Street” B side, 147–48

  on “Dancing in the Street” covers, 227

  deterioration of relationship with Gordy, 216–17

  during Detroit riots, 182–83

  discovery of, 92–93

  distress at role of “Dancing in the Street” in violence, 185

  family background and move to Detroit, 90–91

  family visits to Alabama, 99

  on interpretation of word street, 188

  on joy of singing “Dancing in the Street,” 236–37

  as Motown A&R assistant, 94–95

  on Motown as racial unifier, 236

  on Detroit City Council, 196, 236

  political detachment of, 100, 156, 164, 182, 196

  recording of “Dancing in the Street,” xix–xxi, 140–42

  on relationship with British groups, 133

  singing experience as child and teenager, 91–92

  style and refinement of, 125

  vocal style of, 3–4, 98, 143

  Republican Party, 113, 121, 151–52. See also Goldwater, Barry

  rhythm & blues. See R&B

  Richard, Little. See Little Richard

  Richards, Keith, 131, 148, 198–99, 204, 206–7. See also Rolling Stones

  riots, rock ’n’ roll, 20–22, 37–38

  riots, urban

  “Burn, baby, burn” slogan, 166–67

  “Dancing in the Street” theme song, 166, 182

  in Detroit, 60, 183–84, 210

  ghetto conditions and, 137, 166, 209–10

  Kerner Report, 188, 195, 209–10

  in Newark, 182

  in New York, 136–37

  police violence at, 60, 136–37, 164–65, 168, 181, 182, 184

  social programs to address grievances of, 209–10, 228

  in Watts section of Los Angeles, 165–69

  white curiosity about blacks, 116–17

  white versus black perspective on, 164

  Riser, Paul, 72–73, 144

  Robey, Don, 28–29

  Robinson, William “Smokey,” 38, 54, 69–70, 99–100, 126–27

  rockabilly, 18

  Rock Around the Clock (film), 21, 22

  rock ’n’ roll

  ASCAP rivalry with BMI, 34, 39

  attacks on, 1, 22, 29–35

  avoidance of controversy, 47

  biracial popularity of, 36

  body movement, 21, 29–30

  deejay payola scandal and, 39–40

  Fender Precision electric sound of, 72

  films featuring, 19–21, 22–23

  first songs of, 18–19

  in Great Britain, 47

  hidden meanings in lyrics of, 190–91

  Italian rockers, 32

  Life magazine feature on, 24

  musical influences, 18

  as music of rebels, 20, 26

  political edginess of, 175–77

  rejection of jazz, 22–24

  as renamed R&B, 17

  riots, 20–22, 37–38

  sanitizing of black music for whites, 19, 24

  teenage audience of, 1, 26, 29–30

  upbeat arrangements of other styles of music, 27

  Roemer, Charles, 118

  Rokes, The, 177

  “Role of Brain Disease in Riots . . .” (Mark, Sweet, and Ervin), 165

  Rolling Stones, The, 131, 132, 186, 204, 206, 219

  Ronettes, The, 47, 131

  Ross, Diana, 95–96, 124, 128–29, 213, 216, 217. See also Supremes, The

  Royals, The, 221

  Rudd, Mark, 193

  Rustin, Bayard, 11, 45, 100, 107, 154, 161, 165

  Sargent, Malcolm, 33

  Schopenhauer, Arthur, 167

  Schwerner, Michael, 135–36, 147, 151

  Seeger, Pete, 103, 133, 232

  Sherrod, Charles, 153, 154

  Shirelles, The, 47

  Shridharani, Krishnalal, 11

  Simon, Paul, 176

  Sinatra, Frank, 32–33, 42, 46, 69, 81

  Sister Act 2 (film), 231–32

  Sledge, Percy, 222

  SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

  founding o
f, 105

  Freedom Rides, 11, 100

  Freedom Singers, 103

  Freedom Summer voter registration campaign, xv–xvi, 133–36, 151

  nonviolent tactics of, 105–6

  political party, 153–54

  spread of ideals beyond South, 155

  turn toward militancy and violence, 151, 153–55, 170–71

  use of “Dancing in the Street” and other music, 103, 172, 182

  volunteer training, 134–35

  Snellings, Rolland, 188, 189

  South. See also civil rights movement

  black migration from, 51–54

  Ku Klux Klan, xv–xvi, 36, 134, 136

  lynchings in, 57

  Motown Revue tour through, 99–100

  political leanings of, 113, 155

  Spector, Phil, 47–48

  Springfield, Dusty, 129

  Springsteen, Bruce, 231–32

  Starr, Edwin, 200

  Stevenson, William “Mickey”

  on black versus white interpretation of songs, 194

  on collaborative process at Motown, 139

  on competition at Motown, 127

  on crossover, 88

  “Dancing in the Street” coauthorship of, xix, 138–39

  on hook in songwriting, 69, 145–46

  intended singer for “Dancing in the Street,” 140, 143–44

  job at Motown, 76–77, 215

  musical background and songwriting of, 78–79

  on political message in “Dancing in the Street,” 196

  on Reeves’s voice, 95, 142–43

  talent scouting of, 79–80, 90, 92–95

  Stewart, Shelley, 36

  Story of Motown, The (Benjaminson), 212

  “Street Fighting Man,” 204–6

  Strong, Barrett, 216

  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. See SNCC

  Sullivan, Ed. See Ed Sullivan Show

  Supremes, The, 96, 99–100, 107–8, 123, 128–29, 155

  T.A.M.I. Show (Teenage Awards Music International), 198

  Tamla label and studio, 71–75, 87, 89, 96

  Temptations, The, 96, 99–100, 125, 200, 215, 217

  Thelwell, Ekwueme Michael, 107, 187

  Time magazine, 175–77, 199

  To Be Loved (Gordy), 64

  Todt, George, 166

  Trudell, Johnny, 67, 144

  urban disturbances. See riots, urban

  Vandellas. See Martha and the Vandellas

  Van Halen, 223

  Variety magazine, 31

  Vee-Jay Records, 29

  Vietnam, xv, 117–18, 149–51, 175–76

  Waits, Fred, 144–45

  Walker Brothers, 179

  Warfield Theater, 75–76

  Warren Report, The, 110

  Washington, Booker T., 55, 162

  Washington, Dinah, 67–68

  Watts, Daniel H., 170–71

  Watts riots, 164–69

  Weathermen, 193

  Wells, Mary, 84, 89–90, 96, 99–100, 126, 215, 216

  Weston, Kim

  competition for songs at Motown, 127–28

  “Dancing in the Street” cover, 226

  departure from Motown, 173, 215

  as intended singer for “Dancing in the Street,” 140–41, 143–44

  musical background of, 90

  Wexler, Jerry, 8

  White, Maurice, 203

  White, Robert, 73

  White, Theodore, 85–86, 151–52, 169

  “White Negro, The” (Mailer), 36

  Whitfield, Norman, 200

  Williams, Robert F., 161, 163

  Williamson, Gloria Jean, 91, 147. See also Martha and the Vandellas

  Willis, Eddie, 73, 213

  Wilson, Jackie, 26, 68–69, 89

  Wilson, Mary, 95–96, 214–15, 216

  Wilson, Meredith, 33

  Wonder, Stevie, 73, 96, 99–100, 141, 145, 173, 200

  Wright, Richard, 161

  Wylie, Richard “Popcorn,” 72

  X, Malcolm, xvi, 2–3, 107, 115, 162–63, 164

  Yarrow, Peter, 234

  Zinn, Howard, 105, 106

 

 

 


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