by Bill Lascher
MJ’s photography
American Clipper voyage, 163
Chungking, 75, 88, 91, 170
Chungking air raid shelter disaster, 174–76
Corregidor, 333, 334, 335
Douglas Airview magazine story, 357
Hanoi, 102
job search (1941) and, 147
Mayling Soong, 87
Carl Mydans support for, 55, 184–85
Princesa de Cebu escape, 290, 299, 301, 304
MJ’s reporting for Life magazine
anti-Communism and, 364–65
Cebu, 309, 310–11
Chungking air raid shelter disaster article, 174–76
Corregidor, 264, 274–75, 276, 278–79
fall of Bataan, 335
Indochina, 101, 103
northwestern frontier (1941), 182–84
photographs from Australia, 332–34
MJ’s reporting for Time magazine
anti-Communism and, 363, 364–65
Cebu, 310–11
Corregidor, 264, 275–76, 278–79
correspondent job (1941), 168, 176, 177, 188
job offers, 96, 147–48
northwestern frontier (1941), 182
See also MJ’s Time bureau chief job (Manila)
MJ’s Shanghai sojourn (1939), 61–67
international identity, 61–62
Japanese occupation, 62, 235
Jewish refugee community in, 66–67, 78
journalist community in, 64–66, 68
reporting, 66–67
Wang Ching-wei agent network, 63–64
MJ’s Time bureau chief job (Manila), 208–13
contacts, 211–12
engagement and, 204–5, 213–15
Japanese attacks on the Philippines, 227–29
job offer, 200–201
Clark Lee friendship, 217–18
Manila environment, 208–10
panda diplomacy, 216, 221–22, 223–24
Pearl Harbor attack, 226–27
wedding, 218–21
See also Philippines invasion threat (1941)
MJ’s United Press job (Indochina), 105–18
Japanese occupation and, 108–9
job offer, 105–7
journalist community, 109
MJ’s arrest in Haiphong (1940), 8, 112–16, 141
MJ’s departure, 116–17
political difficulties, 110, 112
MJ and AWJ collaborations
Corregidor reporting, 264–65
“This Is Our Battle” book
manuscript, 310, 323–24, 332, 334, 336, 337, 355–56, 358, 359, 372
War Brides screenplay (1941), 158, 162, 191, 192, 272
Moats, Alice-Leone, 115–16
Moore, Col. Joseph, 352
Morris, Eric, 225
Morris, John, 149
Mydans, Carl and Shelley Smith Arizona State University conference (1982), 366
on AWJ, 133–34, 135, 137, 193
AWJ’s arrival in Chungking and, 198
on Chungking, 77
Chungking arrival (1941), 179
Manila internment, 286, 311, 325–26, 330, 332, 343–44, 353
Manila war preparations, 230
MJ’s friendship with, 7–8, 54–55, 182–85, 187–89
MJ-AWJ wedding role, 8, 218, 219
northwestern frontier reporting (1941), 182–84
Pearl Harbor attack, 226–27
Philippines invasion threat (1941), 235, 239–40, 241, 245–46
photographs published in Life
magazine, 332–34
preparations to leave, 248–49
release of, 360
support for MJ’s photography, 55, 184–85
Mydans, Shelley Smith. See Mydans, Carl and Shelley Smith
Mynderse, J. Franklin “Frank”, 18–19, 53
“My Private Utopia” (Jacoby), 19
Nationalist Chinese. See Kuomintang
NBC, 150, 151, 168, 186, 212
Neville, Bob, 118
New Deal, 19
New Fourth Army incident (1941), 166–67, 181
New Life Movement, 31, 201–2
The New Republic, 149, 365
Newsweek magazine, 151, 161
New York Times, 64, 147, 149
Oakie, John, 95
Open City declaration, 5, 236–37, 281
“Ours Is Full of Holes” (Jacoby), 357
Pai Chung-hsi (Bai Chongxi), 26
panda diplomacy, 198–200, 216, 221–22, 223–24
Parker, Nancy, 147, 355–56
Parsons, Louella, 272
Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 226–27, 280, 361
Peng, Mike, 168
Peng Lo Shan, 72
“Philippine Epic” (Life magazine), 332–34, 364–65
Philippines
colonial heritage, 209–10
defense of, 5–6, 225–26
Japanese attacks on (1941), 227–30
See also escape from the Philippines; Manila; Philippines invasion threat
Philippines invasion threat (1941), 4–6, 231–35
collaborators, 258–59, 293
danger to reporters, 8, 238–39
“Europe First” strategy and, 261–62
Manila war preparations, 5, 229–31, 233–34, 237
MJ Luzon/Lingayen visit, 231–33
Open City declaration, 5, 236–37, 281
U.S. reinforcement hopes, 5, 234–35, 262, 267, 270, 293, 298
U.S. troops removal to Corregidor, 5–6, 8, 236, 238, 241, 242–43, 255–56, 259–61
See also escape from the Philippines
“Photo Joe”, 292
Pola, 291–95
Pons, Ramon, 312–13. See also Doña Nati escape
Pratt, F. D., 325, 328
Princesa de Cebu escape, 285–89, 290–300
arrival in Cebu, 300–302
Estancia, 299–300
Mantla Bay, 288–89
photographs of, 290, 296, 299, 301, 304
plans for, 279–80, 282–85
Pola, 291–95
waiting for the ship, 285–87
Quezon, Manuel, 209, 210, 226, 237, 371
Ramos, Benigno, 258
Rand, Peter, 83
Rape of Nanking (1937), 8, 62–63, 242
Rappe, Bertram, 187, 196–97, 216
Reader’s Digest, 140
Reagan, Ronald, 272
Redmond, Juanita, 344–45
Reed, Charles, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117
Reuters, 65, 68–69
Rice, John, 127, 142
Rice, Jonathan, 60
Richardson, Gen. Robert, 148
Rinden, Robert, 113–15
Rivers, George, 302
Rockefeller, John D., III, 145
Rockwell, Rear Adm. Frank, 316
Rodevitch, Maya, 79
Romulo, Carlos, 266–67, 294, 340–41, 342–43
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 145–46
Roosevelt, Franklin, 177, 262, 280, 281
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 145
Rouverol, Aurania, 138
Rozanski, Mordechai, 65
Sakdalista Party, 258, 293
San Francisco Chronicle, 59–60, 78, 94
Sayre, Francis B., 209, 237, 274
Scudder, Col. Irving C., 305
Second Sino-Japanese War. See Sino-Japanese War
Secret Agent of Japan (Vespa), 212
Seller, Thomas, 136, 138–39, 192, 359
Selznick, David O., 145, 146, 158, 159
Shanghai Press, 65
Sharp, Gen. William F., 305
Shinno, Luie, 361–62
Shinno, Ruth, 361
Shippey, Lee, 125–26
Sian incident (1936), 28–29, 31, 36, 37
Sigma Delta Chi (Society of Professional Journalists), 52, 56
Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
Canton air raids (1937), 50–51
Chungking air raids, 84–86, 91–92
Flyin
g Tigers, 118, 178–79, 226
Indochina occupation, 103–4, 105, 108–9, 110, 112–15
journalist reporting on, 6
Keller on, 49
Kunming-Haiphong railway attacks, 98–99
Kuomintang-Communist tensions, 166–67, 181–82
Lingnan students’ opinions of, 27
Marco Polo Bridge incident, 38–39, 40
MJ’s U.S. government connections, 148, 154
MJ’s visit to Peiping during (1937), 42–46
MJ reports on (1937), 44, 46, 51
negotiations (1937), 43–44
New Fourth Army incident, 166–67, 181
northwestern frontier (1941), 181–84
Rape of Nanking, 62–63, 242
Shippey interview with MJ, 125–26
Sian incident, 28–29, 31, 36, 37
U.S. role, 118, 148–49, 154, 162, 177–79
See also United China Relief; wartime press conditions
Skolsky, Sidney, 137, 139, 190
Smith, May, 54–55
Smith, Paul, 59
Smith, Shelley. See Mydans, Carl and Shelley Smith
Snow, Ed, 118, 153
Snow, Helen Foster, 81
Somewhere I’ll Find You (film), 358
Song Zheyuan, 38–39
Soong, Ay-ling (Soong Ailing) (Madame H. H. Kung), 87, 164, 208, 222
Soong, Mayling (Soong Meiling) (Madame Chiang)
AWJ’s work for, 201–2, 205, 238
Chungking residence (1940), 87
MJ’s death and, 371
MJ’s interviews with, 94, 118
MJ-AWJ wedding and, 220–21, 222
New Life Movement and, 31, 201–2
panda diplomacy and, 198, 199, 216
Soong, T. V., 87
Soong Ching-ling (Soong Qingling) (Madame Sun), 87–88, 118, 164
So Proudly We Hail (film), 359
Sorel, Nancy Caldwell, 140, 202, 245–46
Spanish Civil War, 22, 39
Spanish flu epidemic, 15
Sproul, Robert G., 145
Stanford University
AWJ’s years at, 20, 127, 129–33, 134
MJ’s masters’ studies at, 54–58, 59
MJ’s undergraduate years at, 18–20, 51–54
Steele, Archibald Trojan, 107
Stern, Jackee, 350–51
Stern, Jacob, 14, 15
Stern, Peggy, 350–51
Stimson, Henry, 371
Stuart, Charles E., 71–72, 73, 157, 169, 192
Sullivan, Walter, 366
Sun, Madame (Soong Ching-ling), 87–88, 118, 164
Sutherland, Maj. Gen. Richard K., 284
Swift, Otis P., 157
Tai Li (Dai Li), 76
Taiping Rebellion, 26
Tee-Van, John, 223–24
Theta Sigma Phi (Association for Women in Communications), 132
“This Is Our Battle” book manuscript (Jacoby & Jacoby), 310, 323–24, 332, 334, 336, 337, 355–56, 358, 359, 372
Thompson, Polly, 49–50
Through the Looking Glass (French), 64
Thunder Out of China (White & Jacoby), 363–64, 365
Time magazine
escape from the Philippines and, 240, 328–29
MJ’s death and, 355
See also Luce, Henry R.; MJ’s reporting for Time magazine; MJ’s Time bureau chief job (Manila)
Time Views the News (radio program), 362
Timperley, H. J., 151, 157, 192, 212
Tish (film), 191
Tolley, Rear Adm. Kemp, 312
Tong, Hollington “Holly” (Dong Xianguang)
AWJ’s United China Relief work and, 201, 207–8
censorship and, 180
Chungking journalist community and, 79, 80
MJ’s disillusionment with Voice of
China job and, 92, 96, 100
MJ-AWJ engagement and, 207–8
MJ-AWJ wedding and, 222
MJ Voice of China job offer, 67–68, 69, 72
Voice of China working conditions and, 74, 119, 150–51
Tripartite Pact, 109
Tyler, Lt. J. W., 346
“Unheavenly City” (Jacoby), 77, 91, 96
United China Relief
AWJ’s work for (1941), 158, 160, 192, 199–200, 201–2, 216
AWJ’s work for (1942), 359
China Week, 151–54
committee members, 144–46
Hollywood meeting, 159–60
MJ’s work for (1941), 152–53, 157, 160, 198–200, 216
origins of, 143–44
panda diplomacy, 198–200, 216, 221–22, 223–24
United Press, 69, 96, 104, 149–50
U.S. Army Transportation Service, 5
Vance, Maj. Reginald, 230–31
Van Landingham, Charles
Cebu sojourn, 303, 305–6, 307, 308
Doña Nati escape, 313, 315, 318
Princesa de Cebu escape, 287–88, 294, 295, 299–300
Vespa, Amleto, 212
Voice of China (XGOY) (Chungking)
MJ job offer (1942), 119
origins of, 71–73
Soong sisters broadcast, 88–89
See also MJ’s Chungking Voice of
China job (1940)
“Voice of Freedom”, 266, 294
Votaw, Maurice “Mo”, 80, 93, 118–19, 194
Wang Ching-wei (Wang Jingwei), 63, 116, 144
War Brides (potential film), 158, 162, 191, 192, 272
wartime press conditions
anti-Communism and, 363, 364–65
Arizona State University conference (1982), 366
censorship (1941), 180–81, 182, 195
Chungking, 65, 67, 186–87
Corregidor, 263–64
Indochina, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 112
Institute for Pacific Relations and, 95
Manila relocation, 216–17
MJ’s United Press job and, 107–8, 112
MJ master’s thesis on, 54–58, 59
Philippines invasion threat and, 8, 238–39
Shanghai (1939), 64
women’s difficulty in traveling, 140–41
See also MJ’s Chungking Voice of China job (1940)
Wavell, Gen. Archibald Percival, 290
Weber, Joseph, 322–23, 324
Wheeler, Capt. John, 311
White, Theodore H. “Teddy”
Arizona State University conference (1982), 366
Australia sojourn and, 331–32, 341
AWJ Time magazine correspondent job (1943) and, 362–63
Hersey and, 147
Indochina trip, 100–101, 105
MJ’s death and, 352–53
MJ’s friendship with, 81, 82–83, 176–77
MJ’s reporting for Time magazine and, 94, 96, 166, 168
MJ-AWJ engagement and, 205–6
Thunder Out of China, 363–64, 365
Whitmore, Annalee. See Jacoby, Annalee Whitmore
Whitmore, Anne (AWJ’s mother), 278, 361
Whitmore, Carol (AWJ’s sister), 278
Whitmore, Jim (AWJ’s brother), 141
Whitmore, Leland (AWJ’s father), 128, 136, 359
Whitmore, Sharp (AWJ’s brother), 367
Wilbur, Ray Lyman, 58, 59
Wilkie, Wendell, 145, 152, 153
Willoughby, Amea, 267–68, 269
Willoughby, Capt. Charles, 267
Wilson, Dick, 106, 149, 164
Winchell, Walter, 365
Wolverton, Margaret, 52
Woo Kya-Tang (Wu Giadang), 65, 67
World War II
approach of U.S. war with Japan, 223, 224–26
“Europe First” strategy, 225–26, 234, 261–62, 280–81
fall of France, 95–96, 98
outbreak (1939), 60
Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 226–27, 280, 361
See also Philippines invasion threat (1941); Sino-Japanese War; wartime press conditions
Wright, Betty Leigh, 52
XGOY. See Voice of China
Young, George Armstrong, 37
Zhang Xueliang (Chang Hsueh-liang), 28–29
Zhou Enlai (Chou En-lai), 76, 182
Ziegfeld Girl (film), 139, 190
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
BILL LASCHER is a journalist whose work has appeared in the Guardian, Pacific Standard, Gizmodo, Portland Monthly, and other publications. He was a 2011 Knight Digital Media Center multimedia and convergence fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, Graduate School of Journalism. He is a graduate of Oberlin College, the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at USC, and the Salt Institute for Documentary Studies, and lives in Portland, Oregon.
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CREDITS
Cover design by Michael Accordino
Cover photographs: © Carl Mydans / Getty Images; letter courtesy of the author
COPYRIGHT
EVE OF A HUNDRED MIDNIGHTS. Copyright © 2016 by Bill Lascher. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
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* In the nineteenth century, this same riparian backwater produced one of China’s most notorious would-be revolutionaries: Hong Xiuquan. Believing himself to be the brother of Christ, Hong led the Taiping Rebellion, a massive uprising that ultimately killed 20 million people.
