2 See Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome, transl. Michael Grant, Penguin, 1996.
3 T. Opper, Hadrian: Empire and Conflict, British Museum Press, exhibition catalogue, 2008.
4 See C. Wu, Privatising Culture: Corporate Art Intervention Since the 1980s, Verso, 2002.
5 Dr Walter Fritsch, ‘Speech at the Celebration of the 1 Billionth TAL Ton’, 14 March 2006, Duino Castle, Trieste.
6 J. Bamberg, British Petroleum and Global Oil, 1950–1975: The Challenge of Nationalism, CUP, 2000, p. 325.
7 Browne, Beyond Business, p. 24.
8 Bamberg, British Petroleum and Global Oil, pp. 282–4.
9 Ibid., p. 304.
10 J. Bamberg, The History of British Petroleum Company, Vol 2: The Anglo-Iranian Years, 1928–1954, CUP, 1994, pp. 131–4.
11 H. Eyres, ‘Brave Men of Their Word’, 18 February 2011, ft.com.
12 G. Sereny, Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth, Picador, 1995, pp. 543–4.
13 Ibid., p. 456.
1 Cunliffe, Europe Between the Oceans, pp. 38–41.
2 Bamberg, British Petroleum and Global Oil, p. 299.
3 N. Davies, Europe: A History, Pimlico, 1997, p. 1,072.
4 The disparity between the companies was still markedly evident by the mid-1960s. In 1965 Shell produced 2,750,000 barrels of crude oil a day, not much more than BP’s 2,250,000 barrels a day. But Shell refined 3,500,000 barrels and sold 6,000,000 barrels – i.e. it refined and sold more than it produced; whereas BP refined a mere 1,500,000 barrels and sold only 2,000,000.
5 Bamberg, British Petroleum and Global Oil, pp. 224–5.
6 Ibid., p. 245.
7 The CEPS was completed and the refinery opened in 1965 – by which time Mattei was long since dead, killed in a mysterious plane crash in October 1962. To celebrate the completion of CEPS and the refinery at Ingolstadt, ENI commissioned Bernardo Bertolucci, the celebrated Marxist film director, to make a film about the journey of oil from Iran, via Genoa, to Ingolstadt. It was released in 1966, coincidentally entitled Il Via Petroli (‘The Oil Road’).
8 Our Industry: Petroleum, BP, 1977, pp. 248–52; Bilder aus der Welt des Erdols, BP Austria AG, 1994, p. 12.
9 S. Aust, The Baader-Meinhof Complex, Bodley Head, 2008, pp. 24–7.
10 Ibid., p. 160.
11 U. Meinhof, Black September: Regarding the Strategy for Anti-Imperialist Struggle, Red Army Faction, 1972.
12 Bayernoil gemeinsam erfolgreich: A Refinery for Bavaria, Bayernoil, July 2009, p. 2.
13 In 1967, BP owned 50 per cent of Ingolstadt and 100 per cent of Vohburg. Just over twenty years later, in 1989, the two refineries were merged into one company, and BP held a 62 per cent stake in the combined Raffineriegesellschaft Vohburg/Ingolstadt (RVI). Nine years later, RVI merged with Erdolraffinerie Neustadt GmbH to make Bayernoil, now controlling three refineries, with BP holding a 42.5 per cent stake. By August 2008, Ingolstadt Refinery had closed and BP’s ownership had shrunk to its current 22.5 per cent holding. Bayernoil is owned by OMV of Austria (45 per cent), Agip of Italy (20 per cent), BP (10 per cent) and Ruhr Oel (25 per cent). The latter belongs to PDVSA of Venezuela (50 per cent) and BP (50 per cent).
14 K. Zirkel, Aufgewachsen in Ingolstadt in der 60er und 70er Jahren, Wartberg Verlag, 2008, p. 31.
15 J. Moran, ‘Defining Moment: Denis Healey agrees to the demands of the IMF’, 4 September 2010, at ft.com.
16 D. Kynaston, The City of London, Vol IV: A Club No More, 1945–2000, Chatto & Windus, 2001.
17 D. Wainwright, Government Broker: The Story of an Office and of Mullens & Co., Matham Publishing, 1990, pp. 102–3.
18 Tony Judt, Postwar, Heinemann, 2005, p. 493.
19 See G. Howard, ‘Polyethylene Terephthalate: Making an Economically Informed Material’, and R. Thompson, ‘Plastics, Environment and Human Health’ – both papers at Accumulation: The Material Ecologies and Economies of Plastic, Goldsmiths, University of London, 21 June 2011.
20 United Nations Environment Programme, ‘Action Urged to Avoid Deep Trouble in the Deep Seas’, 16 June 2006, at unep.org.
1 Judt, Postwar, p. 497.
2 Browne, Beyond Business, p. 199.
3 See, for example, A. Blomfield, ‘Putin Sends a Shiver through Europe’, 2 January 2006, at telegraph.co.uk.
4 Radio Free Europe, 3 July 2009, ‘Germany’s Gas War? Nabucco vs South Stream’, at rferl.org.
5 Cunliffe, Europe Between the Oceans, pp. 371–5.
6 Bayernoil gemeinsam erfolgreich: A Refinery for Bavaria, Bayernoil, July 2009, p. 2.
7 R. Overy, ed., Times Atlas of 20th Century History, Times Books, 1996, p. 113.
8 ‘BP to Spice Up Refinery’, Telegraph, New Delhi, 24 March 2008, at telegraphindia.com.
9 M. Shelley, Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus, Penguin Books, 1992, p. 54.
1 ‘BP: $30 Billion Blowout’, BBC Two, 9 November 2010.
2 Ibid.
3 Monthly Economic Bulletin, Republic of Azerbaijan: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 2010.
4 ‘Double Trouble’, International Financing Review, 2011, at ifre.com.
5 J. Bamberg, British Petroleum and Global Oil 1950–1975: The Challenge of Nationalism, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 282–4.
6 A. Dufey, Project Finance, Sustainable Development and Human Rights: The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan Pipeline, International Institute for Environment and Development, 2009.
7 For example, the SRI team at Henderson’s Global Investment, leading players in the London sector, was entirely laid off in December 2012.
8 H. M. Enzensberger, ‘The State of Europe’, Granta 30 (1990).
The Oil Road Page 50
