and Anne 107
anti-Catholicism 13–14, 15
background 13
Bank of England subscriber 193
barony 49
bibliophile 14, 42
death 322–3
and founding of Kit-Cat Club 33
friendship with Tonson 14, 25, 33
in George's Cabinet 305
ill health 134, 300, 316
impeachment charges 99–100, 101, 103, 105
and impeachment of Sacheverell 221, 222, 224
Lord Chancellor 49, 93
Lord President of Privy Council 190, 222
in Parliament 70, 155, 156, 179
patronage 14, 15, 19, 30, 36, 38, 53, 70, 79, 88, 122, 155, 192
political career 14, 24, 46, 48–9, 86
political pamphlets 51, 109–10
portrait 263, 268
republication of Faerie Queene 262–3
relations with William 93, 107
reputation as deist 68
resignation 231
Royal Society Fellow 48
and Steele 150, 192
and Swift 101, 216, 237
and Union with Scotland 162, 164, 395
Somerset, Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of 47, 118, 134
in Anne's Cabinet 108
Bank of England subscriber 193
collaboration with Oxford 224, 393
expelled from Kit-Cat Club 225
and George's accession 307
in Harley's ministry 224–5, 239
homes 61, 81
lays Queen's Theatre foundation stone 137
musical interests 135
patronage 99, 112, 121–3
regent 302
son of 122, 182
Treasurer's Whig 179
votes against Septennial Act 323
wealth and rank 44, 56
Somerset, Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of 224
‘Song at the Kit-Cat Club, A’ 232
Sophia, Electress Dowager of Hanover 95, 97, 111, 156, 158, 160, 299
South Sea bubble 352–5, 358, 372
Southerne, Thomas 16
Southwark 10
Southwell, Sir Thomas 215
Spain 50, 92, 95, 104, 154, 179, 180, 181, 276, 285, 331, 346
Spanish Netherlands 109, 165
Spectator, The (Addison and Steele's) xiv, 242–65, 286
ADDISON'S ROLE AND CONTRIBUTIONS 242–60, 283, 349–50, 384, 387
allegory of Public Credit 248
comedy essays 261
on death of Thomas More 347
on English literature course 261–2
Englishness 251–3
first essay on clubs 247–8
on gardens 357–8
ironic tone 256
on liberty 395
on literary genius 262
overtures to Tories 272
on painting 266–7
patriotism 276
sermonizing 250–51
theatre reviews 258, 260
on wives'
club 326–7
ESSAYS: against Fribblers 249
allegory of Public Credit 248
on clubs 247–8
on comedy 260–61
on gentlemen 260
on liberty 395
on literary genius 262
overtures to Tories 272
on painting 266
on trade 281
on wives'
club 326–7
GENERAL: advertising 279, 281
Buttonian contributions 277
closure 283, 374
collected edition 250, 281, 282
commercial success 249
correspondents 250
cosmopolitanism 252
female readership 250
humour 256–7
Kit-Cats and 246–8, 249
launch 248
legacy of 382–3, 389
literary criticism 261–3
moderate stance of 243, 255, 265
price increase 281
prose style 246–7
readership figures 249, 281
reprints 385
social role 249–57
Spectator Club device 245–6, 247, 283, 349, 361, 370
support for arts 259
Swift on impertinence of 279
theatre reviews 258–60
tone of 244–5, 246
writing method 243–4
STEELE'S ROLE AND CONTRIBUTIONS xiv, 242–60, 272, 281, 349–50, 384
on marriage 281, 340
style of essays 263
on war 272–3
writes final issue 283
Spectator, The (today's political weekly) 389
Spence, Joseph 382
Spenser, Edmund: The Faerie Queene 262–3
Squire Trelooby (Congreve, Garth, Vanbrugh, Walsh) 62, 136
Stamp Act (1712) 280–81
Stanhope, Alexander 111
Stanhope, James Stanhope, 1st Earl of 153
accused of sodomy 235
and Addison 331, 343
Almanza defeat blamed on 180
candidate for Stepney's jobs 178
death 355
defends Steele in Commons 296
as George's chief minister 305, 306, 320, 321, 328–9
and Hanoverians 299
and impeachment of Sacheverell 222–3
imprisonment in Spain 296
and Jacobite rebels 322
joins Kit-Cat Club 111–12
Member of Parliament 112, 139, 235, 291
military career 112, 139, 154, 180, 235, 296
promoted to First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor 330–31
and South Sea crisis 353, 354
and Steele 224, 296, 297
Sunderland–Stanhope ministry 331, 343
and Tory traitors 314, 318
and Walpole 311, 329–30
Stanyan, Abraham (‘Beau’) 132, 137, 178, 356
and Addison 92
diplomatic career 73, 89, 155–6, 183, 273
Lord of the Admiralty 504n
Starita, Armand ‘Al’ 379
Steele, Elizabeth (‘Betty’) 193, 194, 327, 332, 340
Steele, Eugene 278, 327, 364
Steele, Lady Mary (‘Prue’, née Scurlock), appearance 171
death 340
dedicatee 310
denies Steele conjugal rights 282
friendship with Mrs Keck 341
lives apart from Steele 173–4, 298, 327–8
marriage 173
pregnancy and motherhood 193, 229, 281
moodiness 229
relationship with husband 189–90, 333
scolds Steele for drunkenness 198
Steele's courtship of 171–3
and Steele's financial problems 188–9, 279–80, 290
and Steele's illegitimate daughter 174–5
Steele, Molly 327
Steele, Sir Richard (‘Dick’) xiii, xiv, 301
AND ADDISON 27–9, 31, 123, 128–9, 148, 169–70, 189, 224, 263–4, 283–5, 293, 298, 327, 332
on Addison's Cato 286, 287, 289
on Addison's Freeholder 321
collaborations 148, 197, 226, 240, 242–6, 263–5, 285, 298, 349–50
disagreement over Peerage Bill 344–5
friendship ends 345–6, 347, 348
relative merits of 384
and Tickell's edition of Addison's Collected Works 349
valediction to Addison 348–9
EMPLOYMENT: career disappointments 192, 194
Commissioner of Forfeited Estates 324–5, 328, 332, 333, 361
‘Fishpool’
company 325, 333, 345, 354
sinecures 170, 190, 306, 318
Stamp Office 228, 237, 240, 243, 279, 290
theatre manager 306, 318, 325, 340, 351–2, 355, 364
FINANCIAL SITUATION 267, 352
anonymous grant made to 297–8, 310
borrows from Addison 149, 272, 332
credi
tors and bailiffs 316–17
at death 365
debts 197–8
first wife's legacy 149, 173, 189–90
imprisoned for debt 197, 207, 229
income 170, 173, 228, 243
keeping up appearances 171, 188–9, 279–80
lack of money 322, 328
legal action for debt 170
recitals lose money 259
proceeds of Spectator sale 282
South Sea bubble 354
GENERAL: admitted to Kit-Cat Club 148–51
appearance 28, 171, 268
background 27–8, 31
on Catholics 322
children 71–2, 117, 174–5, 193, 194, 229, 278, 318, 327, 340–41, 351, 364
and Clare 309–10, 312–13
on Collier 70, 72–3
and Congreve 56, 71, 73, 105
death 365
dispute with Newcastle 351–2, 355, 361
on drink 151–2
drinking 327, 328
and Dryden 71
education 27, 29
entertainments organized by 259, 316–17
fascination with Jonson's club 40
Freemason 372
frequents Buttons 277
friendships 27–9, 31, 71–3, 224, 293–4, 383
on gentlemanly behaviour 254, 389, 396
homes 174, 189, 278, 279–80, 310
ill health 175, 324, 327, 332, 364
on Irish 204
Kneller's portrait of 266, 267–8
knighthood 306
legacy and literary reputation 385–6, 387–8, 390, 395
lives apart from wife 327–8
at low ebb 352
on marriage 325, 339
marriages 149, 170–75, 281–2, 340
military career 29, 31, 70–71, 106, 109, 135
on Montagu 87
on opera patrons 167
patrons 28, 71, 170, 188, 192, 195, 198, 309–10, 312, 350, 351, 355
personality 258, 266, 347, 384, 385
portraits 372
retirement to Wales 364–5
rivalry with Tickell 348–50
satirised 233, 293, 294–5
and Savage 383
sexual indiscretions 71–2, 105–6
and South Sea bubble 355
and Swift 238, 289–90, 291, 293
on toasting 57
Tory smear campaign against 241
on travel 91
and Vanburgh 71, 73, 364
on Wharton 182–3, 200, 202, 211, 213, 215
widowed 340–41
will 365
on writing 247
MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT 290–91, 293
Commons committee work 318
expulsion from Commons 295–8
joins with Prince's Party 351
reenters Commons 312–13
trial for sedition 295–8, 316
WRITINGS AND LITERARY WORK 70
against South Sea Company 353
An Apology for Himself and His Writings 310
The Christian Hero 105–6, 266
The Conscious Lovers (play) 364, 385
elegy for Queen Mary (‘The Procession’) 31
The Englishman 291–2, 318, 319–20, 386
essays 170, 208
The Funeral (play) 105, 106, 385
The Gazette 169–70, 172, 173, 194
The Guardian 285, 291, 396
The Ladies Library 310
The Lying Lover (play) 109, 135
Medley contributions 234
Muses Mercury 184
pamphlets 274, 291, 292–3, 294–5, 300, 351
The Plebeian 344
poetry 79, 128
Prologues 259, 350
The Tatler 194–5, 196–7, 228–9, 240, 347
The Tender Husband (play) 148–9, 385
The Theatre 351
work on Tonson's Miscellanies193
see also Spectator
Steele, Richard Jr 229, 327
Steeleids, The (satirical poem) 294–5
Stepney, George: and Addison 177, 214
background 22, 25–6
classical translations 37, 197, 249, 383
Commissioner of Trade 48, 93
Court appointment 26
diplomatic career 23, 25, 26, 47–8, 95, 104, 109, 116, 155, 158, 164–5, 169, 176–7, 214
and Dorset 22–4
education 21, 22
friendship with Prior and Montagu 21–3, 25–6, 38–9, 48, 101, 147, 177–8, 335
funeral 177–8
and Garth 53
illness and death 176–7, 186
musical interests 132
poems 26, 383
pro-war propaganda 103
sexual liberalism 67
and Tonson 33
Stowe, Buckinghamshire 356–7, 362, 372
Stretch, Margaret Ford 149
Stuart, James Edward (The Pretender) 104, 109, 163, 181, 209, 274, 292
expelled from France 285
invasion attempts 181, 199–200, 208, 320, 321
proposed restoration of 292, 295, 297
refuses to renounce Catholicism 298
riots in favour of 319
Sunderland, Anne Spencer, Countess of 137, 187
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of 137, 176
Addison's boss 165, 168, 170, 181
bid for power 329
Cabinet post 321
dismissed 231
and impeachment of Sacheverell 221
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under George 305
radical Whig 165
recommends Addison for parliamentary seat 182
Secretary of State for the South 165, 199, 215
on Somers 323
and South Sea bubble 353, 355
Sunderland–Stanhope ministry 331
Swift, Jonathan:
GENERAL 382
on Addison 202–3, 216, 217, 235
anti-Whig views 217, 232, 234, 238–9
attack on Marlborough 237
career 16
on Cobham 356
and Congreve 236
Dean of Dublin Cathedral 284, 304
on Dorset 157
education 15
on election results 235
enemy of Kit-Cats 237, 279
on Grafton 269
and Harley 235, 240
on Ireland 190, 202, 203–4
joins Brothers Club 240–41
legacy of 389
patrons 216, 294
and Pope 294, 363
relationship with Addison and Steele 202–3, 216, 217, 235–7, 238–9, 272, 284, 289–90, 291
returns to Dublin 304
Scriblerus Club founded by 294
on Spectator 279
on Steele 29, 229, 293
on Tories and Whigs 304
on Vanburgh's ‘Goose pie’
house 83
and Wharton 211, 216–17, 238
WRITINGS 162, 387
anti-Marlborough tract 274
Examiner contributions 237, 238, 240
journal 236
Miscellany (with Pope) 363
pamphlets 101
propaganda 294
A Tale of a Tub 216
Switzerland 156
Tackers Vindicated, The 147
Tale of a Tub, A (Swift) 216
Talman, William 81, 108
Tatler, The (today's society magazine) 389
Tatler, The (Addison and Steele) 228–30, 326
Addison's contributions 197–8, 226, 264
closure 240, 241, 242
collected edition 228
Dublin edition 226
Halifax's subscription 195
launch 194, 201
popularity 228, 250
reprints 385
Steele's contributions to 197, 347, 384
Whig mouthpiece 196–7, 228–9, 234
Temple, Sir Richard, see Cobham, Viscount
Temple Bar 15, 372
Te
nder Husband, The (Steele) 148–9, 385
Tenison, Dr Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury 138, 301
Test Acts 49, 206, 208, 227
Thackeray, William 385, 386
Thatched-House tavern, St James's 241
Theatre, The 351
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 5, 17, 19, 138, 148, 149, 286, 350
Kit-Cat musical recitals 135
licence revoked and reinstated 351–2, 355
merger with Queen's Theatre 163, 183
operas 183
Rosamund performances 166, 168, 287
Steele as manager of 237, 306, 325, 340, 351, 355, 364
Steele's resignation 351
Theatre Royal, Dublin 212
Thornhill, Sir James 372
Tickell, Thomas 277, 293, 303, 347
Addison's literary executor 348
edits Addison's Collected Works 348–50
elegy on Addison's death 350
rivalry with Steele 348–50, 384
Tidcomb, Colonel John 112, 149, 152, 193, 283
Tilly, John 72
Timbs, John 376
‘Toast to Mademoiselle Oudenarde’ 187
Toasters 56–7, 58, 73, 74
Tofts, Katherine 135
Tonson, Elizabeth (daughter) 71–2, 117, 174–5
Tonson, Elizabeth (mother) 71–2, 106, 117, 174
Tonson, Jacob xiv, 40, 213
GENERAL: and Addison 30, 122, 326, 331, 332
administers music competition 98
anecdotes 382
appearance and lameness 4, 11–12, 73, 116, 119, 155
background 11, 31
Barn Elms house 114–15, 127, 185, 268, 336, 361
butt of Club raillery 118–19
and Cat 32
character 11
Club founder and chairman 33, 37, 41, 43, 44, 56, 61, 114, 116, 117–18, 185, 307, 324, 330, 362, 369, 375, 386
deafness 367–8
death 368–9
and Dryden 4, 12, 33, 52, 386
Fleet Street house 18, 30, 61, 94
friendships 13, 14, 336, 356, 360
and Furnese 219
intellect and wit 12
investments 25, 352–4, 361
and Kit-Cat patrons 38, 79–80
legacy and reputation 386
on Mohun 111
and Newcastle 362–3
in old age 367
picture collection 268, 270, 313, 360, 391
and Pope 363
portraits 268, 269, 375, 378
prosecuted 68
retirement to Herefordshire 360–63, 367
satirised 196
social status 13, 114–15
and Steele 71–2, 105–6, 149
at theatre outing 74
and Vanburgh 19, 115–16, 117, 121, 122, 133, 336, 337–8, 360
wealth 361, 369
on Westminster School 21
PUBLISHER 12–13, 26–7, 42, 110, 260, 309, 362, 369, 396
Addison's publisher 128, 349
business premises 12, 71, 228, 244
business trips 116–18, 122, 291, 336, 348, 352
buys Catocopyright 288–9
buys rights to Paradise Lost 12, 262, 269
Caesar's Commentaries 117, 220, 279
Cambridge classics 44, 288
‘Clubbing with Ovid’ 33
Congreve's publisher 18, 38, 68, 78, 94, 231, 335, 366
Kit-Cat Club, The Page 63
