by Bruce Catton
Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, Major and Surgeon, U.S.V., 1861–1865. New York, 1914.
Personal Recollections of the War of the Rebellion: Addresses delivered before the New York Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 3 vols. New York, 1891.
The Pictorial Book of Anecdotes and Incidents of the War of the Rebellion, by Richard Miller Devens. Hartford and Philadelphia, 1867.
Printed Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee; pamphlets covering meetings in the years 1866, 1885, 1897, 1906, 1907.
Proceedings of the Reunion of Taylor’s Battery, Chicago, 1890.
Recollections with the Third Iowa Regiment, by S. W. Thompson. Cincinnati, 1864.
Recollections of Pioneer and Army Life, by Lieutenant Matthew H. Jamison. Kansas City, 1911.
Recollections of the Civil War, by Oran Perry. Pamphlet in the Lloyd Lewis papers.
Reminiscences of the Civil War; from the Diaries of Members of the 103rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry, compiled by a committee. Chicago, 1904.
Reminiscences of an Octogenarian Hungarian Refugee, by Major Julian Kune. Chicago, 1911.
Ninth Reunion of Iowa Hornet’s Nest Brigade. N.p., 1912.
Services of the 96th Ohio Volunteers, by J. T. Woods. Toledo, 1874.
Sketches of War History, 1861–1865: Papers read before the Ohio Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 5 vols. Cincinnati, 1888–1903.
The Story of a Common Soldier of Army Life in the Civil War, by Leander Stillwell. Erie, Kansas, 1920.
The Story of the Sherman Brigade, by Wilbur F. Hinman. Alliance, Ohio, 1897.
The Story of a Thousand: being a History of the Service of the 105th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, by Albion W. Tourgee. Buffalo, 1896.
The Story of the 55th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, by a committee. Clinton, Massachusetts, 1887.
Story of the Service of Company E and of the 12th Wisconsin Regiment, written by One of the Boys. Milton, Wisconsin, 1893.
The Story of the 26th Louisiana Infantry, by Winchester Hall. N.p., 1890.
My Story of the Civil War, by Mary Livermore. Hartford, 1888.
The Secret Service, the Field, the Dungeon and the Escape, by Albert D. Richardson. Hartford, 1865.
A Soldier of the Cumberland, by Mead Holmes, Jr. Boston, c.1864.
The Thirty-fifth Ohio Regiment: A Narrative of Service, by F. W. Keil. Fort Wayne, 1894.
The Twenty-first Iowa Volunteer Infantry, compiled by George Cooke. Milwaukee, 1891.
Tramps and Triumphs of the Second Iowa Infantry, by John T. Bell. Omaha, 1866.
War Diary of Brevet Brigadier General Joseph Stockton. Pamphlet. Chicago, 1910.
War Pictures, by the Rev. J. B. Rogers. Chicago, 1863.
War Papers read before the Commandery of the State of Wisconsin, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Milwaukee, 1891.
War Papers and Personal Reminiscences, 1861–1865: Papers read before the Commandery of the State of Missouri, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. St. Louis, 1892.
War Papers read before the Commandery of the State of Maine, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Portland, 1898.
War Papers read before the Indiana Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Indianapolis, 1898.
War Memoranda, by Colonel Charles Whittlesey. Cleveland, 1884.
War Sketches and Incidents: Papers of the Iowa Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. 2 vols. Des Moines, 1898.
Acknowledgments
In making proper acknowledgment of the help which was so generously given to me by so many people while this book was in preparation, I must mention first of all Mrs. Kathryn Lewis, who made available the invaluable files of notes collected over many years by her husband, the late Lloyd Lewis. These files provided the foundation on which the book was written, and to work with them was a most rewarding experience. I am profoundly grateful to Mrs. Lewis.
In the course of his researches, Lewis interviewed many people and was given access to private letters and documents. An attempt has been made to give proper credit to these people in the various footnote citations, and if any have been omitted the fault is my own and an all-inclusive apology is hereby offered.
A writer of a book of this kind usually does not realize the extent of his indebtedness to others until he begins to make a list of those who have helped him. Those who are named here have been uncommonly generous with their time and with their knowledge, and I thank all of them.
Allan Nevins read the manuscript and made many suggestions which were of much value to me. He also made available much material bearing on the Missouri command of Major General John C. Frémont.
E. B. Long also read the manuscript and provided help in ways too numerous to specify. I am especially indebted to him and to his wife Barbara for supplying material for the maps which are printed with the text.
Ralph Newman of Chicago was still another who undertook the task of reading the manuscript. There were times when his Abraham Lincoln Book Shop was a sort of task force headquarters for my labors.
Paul Angle of the Chicago Historical Society helped me to find material which I needed.
Clyde Walton of the Illinois State Historical Library was similarly helpful in respect to the resources of that institution.
Colonel Willard Webb of the Library of Congress directed me to certain books which I would not have found unaided.
Edwin C. Bearss, research historian at the Vicksburg National Military Park, read the portion of the manuscript which deals with the Vicksburg campaign and saved me from the commission of a great number of errors.
Harvey Snitiker of Brooklyn was an exceptionally able and industrious research assistant.
Victor Gondos of the National Archives conducted many searches through the files for material bearing on Grant, on Halleck and on the 21st Illinois Infantry.
Stanley Horn of Nashville, from the depth of his knowledge of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, saved me (I trust) from making an egregious misappraisal of the qualities of that gallant army.
W. Terry Oliver of Glenbrook, Connecticut, made available to me the valuable papers left by Major General Charles F. Smith.
Earl Schenck Miers of Edison, New Jersey, helped me arrive at a better understanding of Grant and of the Mississippi Valley campaign.
Harley Bronson Cooper of Lynbrook, New York, let me borrow and use the manuscript memoirs of Dr. John Cooper.
Major General U. S. Grant III shared with me his reminiscences and the family traditions regarding his distinguished grandfather.
Miss Louise Lewis of Chicago gave up a day of her time to make a last-minute search for material in the newspaper files of the Newberry Library.
Stanley Barnett of Cleveland loaned me the Civil War letters of George L. Lang of the 12th Wisconsin.
J. O. Jackson of Detroit permitted me to borrow the letters of Isaac Jackson of the 83rd Ohio.
Mrs. Erie M. Funk of Long Beach, California, loaned me the letters of Abram S. Funk of the 35th Iowa.
B.C.
Index
AGATE. See Reid, Whitelaw
Alexander, Colonel John W. S., 4, 7, 9
Alexandria, La., 433
Allen, Colonel Robert, 287–288, 331
Ammen, Colonel Jacob, 220, 238–239, 259
Ammen, Daniel, 487
Anderson, General Robert, 58
Appler, Colonel, 219
Army Nursing Corps, 53
Army of the Mississippi, Rosecrans given command of, 284, 287
Army of the Potomac, 284, 286
Army of the Tennessee, 142, 152, 261–262, 289, 335–336
Army of Virginia, 284, 306
BADEAU, ADAM, 287
Banks, General Nathaniel P., 327; replaces Butler at New Orleans, 344; in Louisiana, 408; in Vicksburg campaign, 432–433, 434, 448, 455, 479; Grant sends t
roops to, 485
Battery Robinette, 315
Baxter, Captain A. S., 97
Bayou Baxter, 378
Bayou Pierre, 424, 428
Bayou Vidal, 409, 410
Beauregard, General G. T., sent west to join Johnston, 129; Grant suspects Polk will be replaced by, 135; Johnston confers with Hardee and, 154; goes to Columbus, 180, 214; believed to be collecting reinforcements at Columbus, 187–188; sent to Columbus, 214; at Corinth, 216; at Shiloh, 237, 239, 243, 244, 245, 247; reported strength of, 268–269; attempts to keep Federals from Corinth, 276; notes change in ideas about slavery, 296; favors execution of abolitionists, 405
Belknap, Major, 272
Belle of Memphis, boat, 84
Belmont, Mo., 41; Grant recalls troops from, 43; importance of, 70–71; battle of, 75–80, 81, 83–84; contraband seized near, 101
Ben Hur, 88, 225
Benjamin, Judah P., 65–66, 112
Bennett, James Gordon, 364
Benton, Mo., 40
Big Black River, 436, 439, 445, 450, 461; battle of, 445–447
Big Sandy Creek, 435
Bird’s Point, Mo., W. H. L. Wallace at, 41; Grant to go to, 42; incident of stolen honey at, 52; Oglesby returns to, 80; Union pickets shot at, 92; Oglesby takes contraband to, 101; Grant fears attack on, 104
Birge’s Missouri sharpshooters, 234
Black Bayou, 385
Blair, Frank, 412, 430, 436, 442, 460
Blair, Montgomery, 30
Blandville, Ky., 71
Boggs, Harry, 124
Boggs, Mrs. Harry, 125
Bolivar, Tenn., 316
Bolton, Miss., 441
Bonneville, Mo., 35
Bowen, General J. S., 426, 428, 470, 471
Bowling Green, Ky., 57, 119, 137, 214
Bragg, Braxton, rushed to Corinth, 214; at Corinth, 216; replaces Beauregard, 277; at Shiloh, 237, 246–247; armed strength of, 289; moves toward Chattanooga, 299, 300; moves north toward Nashville, 306; near Ohio River, 313; invades Kentucky, 318; fights Rosecrans near Murfreesboro, 370; Rosecrans opposes in Tennessee, 489
Brinton, Dr. Joseph H., on Grant, 52, 53; cares for sick at Mound City, 53; and the nursing problem, 53, 54; on Volunteer soldiers, 61; at battle of Belmont, 77; on Polk, 83; loans dressing gown to Mrs. Grant for copying, 105; friendship for Grant, 107–108; at theater with Grant in St. Louis, 124; on secessionist women, 127–128; in march on Fort Donelson, 153; on Grant at Fort Donelson, 159; at Donelson, 174; discusses surrender ceremonies with Grant at Donelson, 182; recollections of Fort Donelson, 182–183; on Buell’s jealousy of Grant, 207
Brown, Colonel B. Gratz, 19
Bruinsburg, Miss., 425
Buckner, General Simon Bolivar, commissioned by Lincoln and Davis, 57; at Fort Donelson, 155, 164, 171, 175–176, 177–178
Buel Colonel W. H., 98
Buell, Don Carlos, meets Grant before Shiloh, 235; unconcerned at sound of firing from Shiloh, 238; at Shiloh, 243, 244, 245; delicate relationship with Grant, 245–246; aggrieved by Halleck’s reorganization, 267; ordered to Chattanooga, 279; resumes original command, 281; railroad-repair scheme threatened, 285; independent of Grant, 287; Bragg hopes to out-maneuver, 300; Halleck dissatisfied with, 301, 308; railroad-repair tasks of, 304; as target of guerillas, 305–306, 307; maneuvers in Kentucky, 313; relieved of command, 318–319
Buford, Colonel N. B., 84
Burnside, General Ambrose E., 370, 485
Butler, General Benjamin, 127, 277, 344
CABLE, GEORGE W., quoted, 243
Cadwallader, Sylvanus, 302, 353, 398, 463
Cairo, gunboat, 184
Cairo, Ill., 25, 44–46, 48, 50–51, 55, 93
Caledonia, Ill., 101
Cameron, Simon, 36, 69
Camp Yates, 9
Canton, Miss., 455
Cape Girardeau, Mo., 25, 40, 41, 42, 55
Carondelet, gunboat, 147, 151, 155, 156, 157, 160–161, 189
Carondolet, Mo., warships constructed at, 102
Carroll, W. C., 251
Carter, General S. P., 112
Champion Hill, 443, 450, 456
Charleston, Mo., 41, 55, 71
Chase, Salmon P., 286, 325, 485–486
Chattanooga, Tenn., 279, 307
Cheatham, General, 84
Cherry, William Harrell, Grant’s headquarters in home of, 222
Cherry, Mrs. William H., 222, 298
Chetlain, Colonel A. C., 65, 207, 234
Chewalla, Miss., 316, 317
Chicago Journal, 399
Chicago Times, 254, 257, 290, 302
Chicago Tribune, 97, 138, 150, 179–180, 302, 330
Chickasaw Bayou, 343
Chillicothe, gunboat, 383
Chillicothe, Mo., 35
Cincinnati, Foote’s flagship, 139, 143, 144, 150
Cincinnati Commercial, 254, 257
Cincinnati Gazette, 252, 394
Clarksville, Tenn., 74, 133, 150, 151, 184–186, 191, 199, 305
Clinton, Miss., 441
Coffeeville, Miss., 382
Coldwater River, 379, 382, 383
Columbus, Ky., strategic importance of, 37, 41, 42; seized by General Pillow, 43; in Confederate control, 56, 57, 60; Grant’s plans for capture of, 64; planned demonstration against, 72; Confederate fortifications extended at, 101; Confederate strength at, 214; in Union hands, 300, 327; on route from Memphis to Corinth, 305
Columbus, Miss., 332
Commerce, Mo., 40
Conestoga, gunboat, 47, 48, 143, 184
Confiscation Act, 296
Conger, A. L., 81
Conscription, Confederate, 200
Cook, Colonel John, 92, 205, 209
Cooper, Dr. John, 53–54
Cooper, General Samuel, 405
Corinth, Miss., 194, 201; Halleck’s plan to occupy, 211–212, 215; Confederates rally at, 214; as prime objective, 265–266; Rebel strength at, 268, 277; Union advance to, 269–272, 276–277, 327; Halleck fortifies, 279; importance as rail center, 304; battle of, 313–315
Cotton, as problem for Grant, 347–356
Covington, Ky., 275
Creswell, John A. J., 65
Crisp, Mrs., 161
Crittenden, General George B., 122, 244
Crittenden, Senator John J., 37
Crocker, General Marcellus M., 444
Crump’s Landing, 218, 224
Cullum, General George W., 149, 180
Cumberland Ford, Ky., 57
Cumberland Gap, Ky., 57, 110, 111–113, 122, 123
Cumberland River, 48, 112, 123, 136, 155
Curtis, General Samuel R., Grant’s letter to, 100; pursues Price into Arkansas, 195; defeats Van Dorn at Pea Ridge, 210; moves eastward across Arkansas, 277; problem of reinforcements for, 282; requests command of Vicksburg move, 334
Daily Missouri Democrat, 17
Dana, Charles A., on demoralization caused by cotton trade, 351; with Grant in the Mississippi campaign, 388–390, 413, 415, 420–421, 430, 438, 442, 443; on Pemberton, 472; on the paroling plan, 474
Danville, Tenn., 193
Daugherty, Colonel Henry, 73
Davies, General Thomas, 319
Davis, Colonel Jefferson C., 36, 40, 59
Davis, Jefferson, 37; and the violation of Kentucky’s neutrality, 43; commissions Buckner a general, 57; refuses to accept Polk’s resignation, 74; indignant at Beauregard’s failure to fight for Corinth, 277; on the Emancipation Proclamation, 405; believes Vicksburg must be held, 437; supports Pemberton, 472
Davis, Judge David, 204
De Kalb, gunboat, 383
Decatur, Ala., 214
Deer Creek, 385
Dent, Colonel, 299
Dickey, Colonel T. Lyle, 332
Dickey, Lieutenant, 275
Dix, Dorothea, 53
Docige, Grenville, 294, 319, 334, 337
Dover, Tenn., 131, 133
Dubois, Colonel John V., 355
Duck River, crossing of, 238
&nb
sp; Dwight, General William, 447–448
EADS, JAMES B., 102, 103
East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, 112
Eastport, Miss., 194, 210
Eaton, Chaplain John, 357–363, 396, 397, 401
Edwards Station, Miss., 435, 436, 439, 443
Emerson, Colonel John, 25–26, 30, 36, 123–124, 126, 134
Engineers, Grant’s, 454, 469
Essex, gunboat, 141, 143, 145, 150
FARRACUT, ADMIRAL DAVID, 277, 287, 377, 408–409
Fayetteville, Tenn., 214
Florence, Ala, 148–149
Floyd, General John G., in command at Fort Donelson, 148, 155, 164, 171, 172, 176; hanged in effigy, 179
Foote, Captain Andrew, assigned to river command, 82, 103; and hatred of alcohol, 97; alerted against attack, 104; to keep Rebels from reinforcing Bowling Green, 119; believes Fort Henry can be taken, 122, 130, 133; in action against Fort Henry, 139, 143, 144, 145; in attack on Fort Donelson, 151, 155, 157, 158, 160–161, 163–164; Grant’s note to, from Fort Donelson, 168; on expedition to Clarksville, 184–186; on the Mississippi, 250
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, at Fort Donelson, 165, 170, 171, 172, 176; takes, Confederate supplies from Nashville, 192; cavalry raids of, 290, 306, 336–337, 340, 342, 372; quoted, 426
Fort Donelson, Grant and Halleck discuss offensive against, 124; Union commanders know little of, 133; reputed strength of, 142; Grant decides to take, 145–146, 147, 148, 151; expedition against, 152–154, 155–157, 158–174; defenses of. 155; Confederates attempt to break out of, 164–172; surrender of, 174–178; conditions in, 181; stand-by garrison for, 193, 199; alleged disorders at, 204–205
Fort Heiman, 139, 141, 145
Fort Henry, Grant and Halleck discuss offensive against, 124; C. F. Smith fires on, 121–122; Halleck decides to move against, 129–133; Grant plans expedition against, 134–137; action at, 138–144; surrender of, 144, 145; Union troops in possession of, 147–148; Grant fears for safety of, 152; importance of victory at, 180; standby garrison for, 193; flood conditions at, 199
Fort Hindman. See Post of Arkansas
Fort Holt, 56, 92, 102, 104, 109
Fort Jackson, 277
Fort Jefferson, 56
Fort Pemberton, 383–384
Fort Pillow, 195, 214, 250, 277
Fort St. Philip, 277
Fourteen-Mile Creek, 439
Fox, Gustavus, 418
Fredericksburg, Va., 370
Frederickstown, Mo., 23, 70
