• Nelson, Richard K., Hunters of the Northern Ice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.
• Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik, The Arctic Voyages of Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. London: Macmillan, 1879.
• Pálsson, Gísli, Writing on Ice: The Ethnographic Notebooks of Vilhjalmur Stefansson. Boston: University Press of New England, 2001.
• Rabelais, François, Gargantua & Pantagruel. New York: The Heritage Press, 1936.
• Rothman, Sheila M., Living in the Shadow of Death: Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in American History. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
• Scott, Marian, Chautauqua Caravan. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., 1939.
• Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, Discovery: The Autobiography of Vilhjalmur Stefansson. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964.
• Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, My Life with the Eskimo. New York: Collier Books, 1971.
• Stephen, Leslie, An Agnostic’s Apology. London: Smith, Elder, & Co., 1893.
• Swaney, Deanna, The Arctic. Oakland, California: Lonely Planet Publications, 1999.
• Willis, Clint, Ice: Stories of Survival from Polar Exploration. New York: Thunders’ Mouth Press/Balliett & Fitzgerald Inc., 1999.
• Wright, Helen S., The Great White North. New York: Macmillan, 1910.
Endnotes
ix “As she looked...” “The Lady in the Moon,” as told to Inglis Fletcher by Ada Blackjack, February 11, 1924, IFP
PREFACE
1 “Brave? I don’t...” The Sunday Denver Post, “Lone Survivor Ada Blackjack Recalls Arctic,” January 14, 1973
2 “Real history is...” Mae Belle Anderson to Helen Crawford, January 5, 1924, NAC
3 “I recall her...” John Tetpon to Jennifer Niven, January 27, 2003
PART I
5 “There, with only...” The World Magazine, “Ada Blackjack, Heroine of Arctic Expedition, Remains Unhonored While She Lives,” October 30, 1927
ONE
9 “habitually enigmatic...” Stefansson, The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 341: “The Story of Ada Blackjack” by Inglis Fletcher
9 “Ada, look at...” Inglis Fletcher to Stefansson, February 10, 1924, DART
9 She also knew... www.polarbearsalive.org/facts5.htm
10 “bone poor, almost...” Los Angeles Times,“Death Vigil in Arctic Snows,” February 28, 1924
12 “Here was a...” Fred Maurer, “A Fight for Life in the Arctic,” Chautauqua lecture 1914, NAC
TWO
13 “the most American...” Joseph E. Gould, The Chautauqua Movement, p. 97
14 “Seven days filled...” Herald-Zeitung, April 1,1921
16 But the 1913... See Jennifer Niven’s The Ice Master for more detail on this expedition.
17 “It seemed like...” Fred Maurer, “A Fight for Life in the Arctic,” p. 12, NAC
17 “Can you give...” Fred Maurer telegram to Stefansson, 1921, DART
17 “Sorry no chance...” Stefansson telegram to Fred Maurer, 1921, DART
18 “Why should any...” Stefansson, The Friendly Arctic, p. 7
18 “The land up...” The Friendly Arctic, p. 7
19 “In order to...” The Friendly Arctic, p. 7
19 “Given a healthy...” Morning Oregonian, undated newspaper article, LAW
19 “I think that...” Hearings before the General Board of the Navy, 1923, Vol. 2, Navy Depart-ment, Washington, p. 5, DART
19 “In one way...” William McKinlay, Stefansson bio, NLS
19 “The Arctic as...” The Friendly Arctic, p. 8
20 “Famous Stefansson...” Stefansson, “Chapter 78—The Chautauqua Years: 1921–1930,” pp. 2–3, DART
20 “must have been...” Lorne Knight, Pechuck, p. 1
21 “It’s just as...” Pechuck, p. 59
22 “Would you do...” Pechuck, p. 289
23 “The explorer...” The Friendly Arctic, p. 8
23 “Purpose—plus punch...” Chautauqua Newsletter, March 18, 1921, LAW
26 “When the world...” The Friendly Arctic, p. 6
27 “During your stay...” Stefansson to Fred Maurer, February 23, 1921, DART
27 “Did you see...” Stefansson to Fred Maurer, February 23, 1921, DART
29 “Ottawa, Ontario...” Stefansson to Sir Robert Falconer, The Adventure of Wrangel Island
THREE
30 “I am planning...” Stefansson to Sir Robert Falconer, March 13, 1921, The Adventure of Wrangel Island, pp. 417–418
31 “If you are...” Allan Crawford to Stefansson, April 11, 1921, The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 79
32 “Although I have...” Allan Crawford to Stefansson, April 11, 1921, The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 79
33 “Your qualifications look...” Stefansson telegram to Allan Crawford, April 24, 1921, DART
34 “Stefansson is a...” J.B. Harkin to W. W. Cory, March 2, 1921, NAC
34 “Of course you...” Lorne Knight to Stefansson, May 8, 1921, DART
34 “Would you go...” Stefansson telegram to Lorne Knight, June 6, 1921, DART
35 “I am not...” Stefansson to Allan Crawford, June 11, 1921, The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 82
39 “Milton’s knowledge...” J. I. Knight to the Galles, April 25, 1925, LAW
40 “I am simply...” Milton Galle to his parents, August 15, 1921, LAW
41 “Stef has chosen...” Milton Galle to his parents, August 15, 1921, LAW
41 “To my thinking...” Milton Galle to his mother, July 20, 1921, LAW
42 “to some fur...” Stefansson to Orville Wright, August 24, 1922, DART
46 “But after meeting...” Fred Maurer to his mother, September 5, 1921, DART
46 “Without an actual...” Stefansson to Mrs. Crawford, August 29, 1921, DART
47 “The polar regions...” Stefansson to Delphine Maurer, October 15, 1921, DART
47 “Although we are...” Fred Maurer to his mother, September 5, 1921, DART
48 “He has the...” J.I. Knight to Stefansson, October 28, 1921, DART
49 “We are proud...” J.I. Knight to Harry Galle, August 20, 1921, LAW
49 “not for me...” Milton Galle to his parents, August 15, 1921, LAW
49 “We may have...” Alma Galle to Stefansson, August 24, 1921, LAW
50 “Always remember...” Stefansson to Allan Crawford, August 15, 1921, DART
51 “We will do...” Allan Crawford to Stefansson, August 18, 1921, DART
51 “I guess this...” Allan Crawford to Helen Crawford, August 18, 1921, DART
52 “The female shaman...” From Northern Tales by Howard Norman, copyright [H17015] 1990 by Howard Norman. Used by permission of Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc. (pp. 180–182)
FOUR
54 “Past Point...” Milton Galle to Stefansson, September 8, 1921, DART
56 “Our future lies...” Miscellaneous photographs, LAW
56 “Bud—How’s this...” Miscellaneous photographs, KL
56 “There has been...” Miscellaneous photographs, LAW
56 “We are having...” Lorne Knight to Stefansson, September 4, 1921, DART
56 “A very simple...” Stefansson to J. I. Knight, September 20, 1921, DART
60 Once Ada agreed... My research has uncovered numerous opinions from various sources about Ada’s possible activities as a prostitute. However, I have been unable to find any actual documentation or verification of this, and any official documents that might have shed light on the matter no longer exist.
61 “All in all...” Milton Galle to Stefansson, September 8, 1921, DART
62 “Some places get...” Lorne Knight, “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” September 16, 1921, to August 26, 1922, p. 1, NAC
62 There were those... Mae Belle Anderson to Helen Crawford, August 31, 1924, NAC
63 “I wish to...” Milton Galle to Stefansson, September 8, 1921, DART
65 “the sickest mortals...” Knight, “Sum
mary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” September 16, 1921, to August 26, 1922, p. 1, NAC
66 “Keep note of...” Allan Crawford to Helen Crawford, September 15, 1921, DART
67 “in total disregard...” Fred Maurer, “Adventures on an Arctic Whaler,” TUSC/MR
67 “The old island...” Fred Maurer to his mother, September 15, 1921, LAW
PART II
69 “A land more...” John Muir, The Cruise of the Corwin, p. 134
70 “Associated Press...” Associated Press article, unnamed newspaper clipping, September 28, 1921, LAW
FIVE
71 “I, Allan Rudyard...” The Adventure of Wrangel Island, Wrangel Island Proclamation, illustration facing p. 119
76 “Sick Headache...” Common Sense Medical Advisor, p. 329
76 “I shall not...” New York World, “Parents Blame Stefansson for Crawford’s Death,” May 10, 1925
77 They got their... The Cruise of the Corwin, p. 139
78 “We will watch...” Lorne Knight’s diary, September 29, 1921, KL
80 “Oh, Crawford...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” November 7, 1921, NAC
80 “When the mail...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” November 7, 1921, NAC
80 “Have tried coaxing...” Lorne Knight’s diary, October 1, 1921, KL
80 And then something... Dr. Rudolph Martin Anderson later theorized that Crawford might have been poisoned by eating the liver of a polar bear, which had been known to cause similar sicknesses in others, including an Eskimo family he had heard of who had died from it.
82 They found Ada’s... “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” November 7, 1921, NAC
85 “This may all...” Lorne Knight’s diary, November 18– 20, 1921, KL
86 “But if at...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” November 23, 1921, NAC
88 “like an inverted...” Lorne Knight’s diary, November 27, 1921, KL
88 “She will not...” Lorne Knight’s diary, November 24, 1921, KL
88 “I’ll bet I...” Lorne Knight’s diary, November 23, 1921, KL
88 “If there is...” Lorne Knight’s diary, November 25, 1921, KL
89 There was a... Similar to Seasonal Affective Disorder (aka SAD)
89 “utterances of erotic...” Stanislaus Novakovsky, Ecology, Vol. V, No. 2, p. 116
90 “as only a...” Novakovsky, Ecology, Vol. V, No. 2, p. 124
91 “Special cable to the...” New York Times, March 20,1992
SIX
92 “I shall not...” New York Times, September 28,1921
93 “effected a renewal...” New York Times, September 28,1921
93 “Of what use...” New York Times, March 22,1922
93 “The Government...” Le Bourdais, Stefansson: Ambassador of the North, p. 166
94 “Wrangel Island...” Washington Times, The National Daily, “Wrangel Isle Land of Russia, U.S. Concludes,” Tuesday, May 23, 1922
94 “like plutocrats” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,”August 21, 1922, NAC
96 “What should I...” Lorne Knight’s diary, December 17, 1921, KL
99 “Now I will...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” August 21, 1922, NAC
100 “I wonder what...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” August 21, 1922, NAC
102 “I’ll put C. up...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” August 21, 1922, NAC
104 “Our names should...” Lorne Knight’s diary, June 13, 1922, KL
105 “Please urge upon...” The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 136
108 “August 23, 1922...” Stefansson to John Maurer, August 23, 1922, DART
SEVEN
111 “jake” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” August 26, 1922, p. 11, NAC
111 “We will be...” Ralph Lomen to Allan Crawford, August 19, 1922, DART
112 “Of course, we...” J.I. Knight to Harry Galle, August 19, 1922, LAW
113 “We would greatly...” J. I. Knight to Stefansson, August 31, 1922, DART
113 They had read... Milton Galle was correct.
115 “If you are...” Milton Galle diary, July 18, 1922, LAW
116 “Can you imagine...” “Summary of Wrangel Island Expedition,” August 26, 1922, p. 11, NAC
119 “Fear mishap has...” J. T. Crawford to Stefansson, September 11, 1922, LAW
119 “Teddy Bear...” Stefansson MSS 98, 14:5, Chapter 9, p. 5, DART
120 “deeply concerned” New York Times, September 25,1922
120 “If a native...” Denver Post, December 24, 1923
120 “We had no...” The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 142
120 “Is there nothing...” J. T. Crawford to Stefansson, September 22, 1922, LAW
120 “There is...” Stefansson to Helen Crawford, November 24, 1922, DART
120 “As I see...” Stefansson to Delphine Maurer, October 3, 1922, DART
121 “How welcome any...” Alma Galle to Stefansson, undated letter, LAW
121 “This means merely...” Stefansson to Harry Galle, October 2, 1922, LAW
122 “They are safe...” J.I. Knight to Harry Galle, September 21, 1922, LAW
122 “I shoot, no...” Milton Galle’s diary, July 23, 1922, LAW
123 “Coffee has taken...” Milton Galle’s diary, August 24, 1922, LAW
123 “At a dinner...” Milton Galle’s diary, September 13, 1922, LAW
124 “Let her blow...” Lorne Knight’s diary, September 12, 1922, KL
125 “Get the hell...” Milton Galle’s diary, September 25, 1922, LAW
126 “Coffee for you” Milton Galle’s diary, September 28, 1922, LAW
126 “demonstrate the...” Lorne Knight’s diary, September 22, 1922, KL
126 “mysterious dash” Milton Galle’s diary, September 25, 1922, LAW
127 “K keeps conversation...” Milton Galle’s diary, September 28, 1922, LAW
128 “I would have...” Lorne Knight, Pechuck, pp. 182–183
130 “Now what can...” Milton Galle’s diary, September 18, 1922, LAW
131 “Dear Sister...” Alma Galle to Maggie Galle, undated, LAW
EIGHT
133 “there hain’t none...” Lorne Knight’s diary, October 5,1922, KL
135 “There are so...” Mae Belle Anderson to Helen Crawford, May 19, 1924, NAC
136 “If one can...” Lorne Knight’s diary, November 1, 1922, KL
137 “Game is scarce . . .” Allan Crawford to Stefansson, January 7, 1923, LAW
137 “Of course I...” Lorne Knight to Stefansson, January 4, 1923, LAW
137 “Crawford and I...” Lorne Knight to Georgia Knight, January 4, 1923, LAW
138 “From my accrued...” Allan Crawford to his family, January 7, 1923, LAW
139 “The going ahead...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 10,1923, KL
140 “One time...” “Lady in the Moon,” as told to Inglis Fletcher by Ada Blackjack, February 11, 1924, IFP
143 “poorest hands for...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 12,1923, KL
143 “weak as a...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 8,1923, KL
143 “I am nearly...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 12,1923, KL
143 “It will be...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 12,1923, KL
144 “We hoped to...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 15,1923, KL
144 “nice and warm...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 18,1923, KL
145 “Of all the...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 19,1923, KL
146 “it is essential...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 21,1923, KL
148 “Knight is troubled...” Allan Crawford to Stefansson, January 28, 1923, The Adventure of Wrangel Island, p. 260
148 “The chief reason...” Fred Maurer to Delphine Maurer, January 29, 1923, DART
148 “My dear Mother...” Fred Maurer to his mother, January 29, 1923, LAW
149 “Why Galle leave?” Ada Blackjack notebook calendar, DART
/>
149 “I wonder what...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 29,1923, KL
150 “for as I...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 29,1923, KL
150 “Come on bear” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 2,1923, KL
151 “blowing and drifting...” Lorne Knight’s diary, January 31,1923, KL
PART III
153 “I must stay...” “The Story of Ada Blackjack,” p. 343, The Adventure of Wrangel Island
154 “Sunday Times (London)...” Sunday Times (London), “Stefansson Quits; Gives Up Exploring; Will Devote His Future Telling About Possibilities in the ‘Friendly Arctic,’ ” January 1923
NINE
155 “I’m all right...” Los Angeles Times,“Death Vigil in Arctic Snows,” February 28, 1924
156 “I guess we...” Los Angeles Times,“Death Vigil in Arctic Snows,” February 28, 1924
157 “Next came bloating...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 8,1923, KL
158 Bad as all... New York Globe, “How to Keep Well” by A. F. Currier, M.D., undated news clipping
159 “But on the...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 6,1923, KL
161 “When I say...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 11, 1923, KL
161 “Thank fortune...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 12, 1923, KL
162 “fresh raw meat . . .” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 13, 1923, KL
162 “Oh Yes! My...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 25, 1923, KL
162 “trip hammer” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 16, 1923, KL
163 “full stomach of...” Lorne Knight’s diary, February 20, 1923, KL
165 “Troubled some last...” Lorne Knight’s diary, March 3, 1923, KL
165 “Cannot eat the...” Lorne Knight’s diary, March 11, 1923, KL
166 “as thin as...” Lorne Knight’s diary, March 21, 1923, KL
166 “Not that I...” Lorne Knight’s diary, March 23, 1923, KL
166 “as a conversationalist...” Lorne Knight’s diary, March 3, 1923, KL
168 “March 1923...” Alma Galle to J. I. Knight, March, 1923, LAW
TEN
171 “It has caught...” Ada Blackjack’s diary, March,28,1923, UAA/BBJ
171 “But my eye is...” Ada Blackjack’s diary, April 2, 1923, UAA/BBJ
171 “If anything happen...” Ada Blackjack’s diary, April 2, 1923, UAA/BBJ
172 “We look at...” Ada Blackjack’s diary, March 26,1923, UAA/BBJ
174 “to cruel” Ada Blackjack’s diary, April 21, 1923, UAA/BBJ
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