These Truths

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These Truths Page 123

by Jill Lepore


  and abortion, 649

  atomic bomb decision of, 522

  atomic bomb dropped by, 515–16, 517

  communism as viewed by, 552

  and creation of United Nations, 514–15

  as Democratic leader, 531, 541–46, 552

  domestic policies of, 535, 537, 541

  foreign policy of, 535, 537–39

  health insurance program of, 532–34, 533, 541, 546–48, 553–54, 560, 561

  learning about atomic bomb, 514

  made president, 511

  presidential campaign of (1948), 541–46, 560, 563

  racial policies of, 531–32, 576–77, 578, 581

  recording system, 640

  scientific research supported by, 525

  vetoes by, 551

  as vice president, 523, 531

  see also Truman administration

  Truman Doctrine, 537–39

  Trumbull, Lyman, 326

  Trump, Donald J., 567, 727–29, 731, 762, 765, 773

  background of, 713–14

  and Clinton ethics investigations, 714

  and judiciary, 678

  1990s campaign plans, 714–16

  and presidential election (2016), 692, 773–74

  and Schlafly, 668

  truth:

  as determined by evidence, 41–42, 61

  freedom and, 49–50

  nature of, 15

  truther movement, 725, 727, 762

  Tubman, Harriet, 261

  Tumblr, 724

  Turing, Alan, 523–24

  Turkey, 537

  Turner, Frederick Jackson, 353–55, 374

  Turner, Nat, 205, 206

  Twain, Mark, 273, 368, 369

  Tweed, William Magear, 342

  Twelfth Amendment, 164

  Twenty-Fifth Infantry, 369

  two-party system, 165

  election of 1800 and, 154

  Federalist/Anti-Federalists factions and, 129, 129, 145

  newspapers and, 145

  Two Treatises on Civil Government (Locke), 52, 53–54

  Tydings, Millard, 551

  Tyler, John, 178, 229, 232–34

  and annexation of Texas, 234–35, 237

  in election of 1844, 236–38

  Tyler, Julia, 236, 238

  Ugly American, The (Burdick and Lederer), 598, 603

  unconscious, Freud’s theory of, 413

  Unconstitutionality of Slavery, The (Spooner), 241

  “under God” phrase, 569

  Underground Railroad, 261, 279

  Union Labor Party, 342–43

  Union Leagues, 318

  Union Party, 461–62

  unions, 371, 379

  of tenant farmers, 439

  in World War II, 488

  United Airlines Flight 93, 720–21, 725

  United Airlines Flight 175, 720

  United Farm Workers, 675

  United Fruit Co., 574

  United Mine Workers, 416

  United Nations, 517

  charter of, 483

  creation of, 491–92, 514–15

  plan for, 502–3

  United Negro Improvement Association, 440

  United States:

  anticommunism in, 534–41, 548–57, 565–68, 571, 581

  British recognition of, 107

  budget of, 527, 539

  Columbus’s voyage as origin of, 10

  as democracy, 525, 536, 537, 543–46, 565–66, 575, 578, 583

  division between industrial North and agricultural South in, 169–70

  economic prosperity of, 527–28

  federal government of, 526, 527, 531, 545

  and fiction of common ancestry, 9–10

  foreign policy of, 535, 537–39, 574, 578–79

  founding principles of, see founding principles, U.S. free blacks in, 108

  growing population of, 250

  isolationism in, 537

  mass society in, 566

  military spending by, 538–40

  mixed heritage of, xv–xvi

  national security of, 538–39, 574

  population of, 168

  public opinion in, 542–46, 557, 560, 565–66, 579, 584

  religious morality in, 568–69

  slavery in, see slaves, slavery, in U.S.

  southern states of, 531, 539–40, 546, 575–88

  in space race, 586–87, 587

  taxation in, 527, 532, 542, 570

  technological progress in, 522, 525–26, 554, 557–59, 566, 586, 587

  violent beginnings of, 10

  as welfare state, 538

  westward expansion of, 10

  United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 326

  UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), 557–59, 563–65, 564

  Universalists, 201

  universal truths, 554

  universities, 348, 354

  see also see academia

  university research, 526

  Updike, John, 528

  “Uppie and Downie,” 549

  Upshur, Abel, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236

  uranium, 475

  U.S. v. Miller, 446

  Utah, 260–61

  irrigated land in, 409

  women’s voting rights in, 386

  Utes, 222

  Utopia (More), 54

  Vallee, Rudy, 491

  Van Buren, Martin, 225, 227, 253

  in election of 1832, 219

  in election of 1836, 225

  in election of 1840, 226–27

  in election of 1848, 254

  and nullification issue, 217

  Tyler’s criticism of, 233

  Vandenberg, Arthur, 460

  vegetarian societies, 207

  Verdun, Battle of, 390

  Vermont:

  constitution of, 113

  slavery outlawed in, 113, 114

  Versailles, Treaty of, 400–401, 466, 491

  Vesey, Denmark, 203

  Vespucci, Amerigo, 14

  Vetal, Albert H., 409–10

  Veterans Administration (VA), U.S., 6

  “Vices of the Political System of the United States” (Madison), 118

  Vicksburg, Battle of, 297

  Vietnam War, 740, 741, 742

  and academia, 635–36

  end of, 642

  and Johnson administration, 619

  and Kennedy administration, 602–4

  and liberalism, 610

  peace movement, 628–29, 633

  Pentagon Papers, 640–41

  and political polarization, 643

  and presidential election (1968), 629, 632

  Viguerie, Richard, 663, 665, 666

  Vinson, Fred, 579–80

  Virginia:

  black voting in, 323

  constitution of, 112

  1800 slave rebellion in, 159

  gun laws in, 445

  income tax in, 301

  Nat Turner’s rebellion in, 205, 206

  ratification debate in, 130–31

  secession of, 292–93

  slaves sold downriver from, 202

  Virginia charter, 32–33, 34

  Virginia colony:

  founding of, 36–37

  House of Burgesses of, see House of Burgesses

  slavery in, 38

  starvation in, 37

  tobacco and, 37

  Virginia Company, 33, 35, 35, 36, 37

  Virginia Declaration of Rights, 99

  Virginia Declaration of Rights and Form of Government, 96

  Virginia Plan, 120

  Virginia Resolves, 217

  Voice to the Married, A, 196–97

  “Voluntary Health Insurance Week,” 534

  von Ranke, Leopold, 254

  Voorhis, Jerry, 535, 536–37

  voter eligibility, in election of 1800, 163

  voters, 545–46, 565, 573, 574

  voter turnout, in 1828 election, 185, 186

  voting rights, 333

  on black people, 320, 326, 330, 353, 501
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  of blacks, 163

  Constitution and, 122

  after Panic of 1819, 207

  property and, 56, 112–13, 122, 182–83

  and property qualifications, 206

  of white men, 191, 209

  of women, 163, 206, 315, 324, 328, 339–40, 342, 346, 353, 364, 385–86, 387, 393, 402

  Voting Rights Act (1965), 622, 623

  Waco siege (1993), 702

  Wade-Davis Bill (1864), 318

  wage limits, 537

  wage workers, 343

  Walden, A. T., 581

  Walden Pond, 230–31, 247

  Waldseemüller, Martin, 14

  Walker, David, 202, 203–5, 215, 218, 256

  Walker, Timothy, 198

  Wallace, George, 608, 613–14, 621, 632

  and ERA, 658

  and presidential election (1968), 629, 630

  Wallace, Henry, 474, 526, 541

  Wallace, Mike, 606

  Wall Street Journal, 406, 423, 487, 743

  war, causes of, 274–75

  “War Aims and Peace Terms It Suggests, The” (Lippman), 396–97

  war bonds, 335

  War Department, U.S., 134, 523, 524

  War of the Worlds, The (radio play; Welles), 468–71, 468, 474, 475

  War on Drugs, 699

  War of 1812, 172–73, 190, 217

  War on Poverty, 611–12, 619, 623

  war on terror, 730–31, 738–47

  War Production Board, 487

  War Relocation Authority (WRA), 494–95

  Warren, Earl, 532–34, 546, 561, 579–81, 582, 644, 674, 678, 684

  War Room, The (film), 708

  war veterans, 530–31

  War without Violence (Murray), 497

  Washington, 242, 324, 494

  women’s voting rights in, 386

  Washington, August, 279, 280

  Washington, Bushrod, 176

  Washington, DC, 569, 582

  British burning of, 172–73

  Davis’s Hotel in, 176

  founding of, 139–40

  Jefferson’s inauguration in, 164–65

  slavery abolished in, 260

  Washington, George, 86, 90, 105, 108, 116, 134, 148, 233

  as commander of Continental army, 93

  at constitutional convention, 109, 119, 120

  death of, 147–48

  in decision not to seek third term, 145–46

  in failure to emancipate his slaves, 133–34

  Farewell Address of, 146, 148

  in first skirmish with French, 76–77

  inaugural address of, 133

  inauguration of, 132, 133

  slaves owned by, 94, 104

  will of, and freeing of slaves, 147

  Washington, Harry (former slave), 94, 100, 104, 107

  as leader of Sierra Leone rebels, 147–48

  in move to Sierra Leone, 135–36

  Washington, Martha, 146–47

  Washington Bee, 389

  Washington for Jesus rally (1976), 664

  Washington Giving the Laws to America, 148, 149

  Washington Post, 455, 546–47, 572, 722

  Waste in Industry (Hoover), 406

  Watchtower Over Tomorrow (film), 516–17

  water cure, 368

  Watergate scandal, 641–42, 643–45, 688, 708–9, 744

  water wheels, 192

  Watson, Thomas, 404

  Watt, James, 192–93

  Wattenberg, Ben J., 636–37

  Watts riots (1965), 623

  WAVES, 486

  Wealth and Poverty (Gilder), 670–71

  Wealth of Nations (Smith), 17, 82, 115–16

  weapons trajectories, 523, 525

  Weaver, James, 346

  Weaver, Richard, 136

  Weaver, Richard M., 554

  Webster, Daniel, 230, 234, 239, 242

  and Compromise of 1850, 261

  in election of 1848, 254

  on labor, 255

  Weddington, Sarah, 653–54, 660

  Weekly Standard, 707, 743

  We Hold These Truths (Corwin), 491

  Weisenberger, Walter W., 446–47

  Welch, Joseph, 567, 567

  welfare, 618–19

  and Clinton administration, 700

  and Nixon administration, 638–39

  and Reagan administration, 671

  welfare program, 377

  in Civil War, 301

  in Confederacy, 302–3

  welfare state, 378

  in the Depression, 438–39

  Welles, Orson, 444, 449, 468–71, 468, 474, 475, 491

  Wells, H. G., 400, 515–16

  Wells, Ida B., 356, 357, 371

  Weltrundfunksender, 456

  West:

  movement of people to, 221, 255

  populist movement in, 332

  Republican expansion of, 332–33

  slavery in, 221, 267

  U.S. economy transformed by, 333–34

  West, Benjamin, 103

  West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 465

  West Indies, see Caribbean

  Westinghouse, 473–74

  West Virginia, creation of, 293

  West Wing (TV show), 708

  Weyrich, Paul, 648, 663, 712

  “What’s Cooking in Washington,” 557

  “What the Railroad Will Bring Us” (George), 341

  Wheaton College, 461

  Wheeler, Harvey, 598

  Wheeling, W. Virg., 550, 556

  Whig Party, 226, 264, 282

  collapse of, 267

  in election of 1836, 224, 225

  in election of 1840, 227, 228, 257

  in election of 1844, 257

  rise of, 211

  Whitaker, Clem, 448, 449, 450, 451–52, 456, 478, 532–34, 533, 546–48, 553–54, 560, 561, 572

  Whitaker and Baxter, see Campaigns, Inc. White, Byron, 686–87

  White, E. B., 473

  White, John, 29–30

  White, Theodore, 574

  White, Walter, 458

  White Collar (Mills), 558–59

  white-collar employees, 558–59

  Whitefield, George, 67–69, 68

  White House, 173, 187

  public admitted to, 188

  White Lion, 38

  White Power movement, 673–74, 702

  Whitewater, 709, 710

  Whitman, Walt, 228

  Whitney, Eli, 198

  Whittier College, 534

  Whole Earth Catalog (Brand), 695

  Wichita, Kans., 445

  Wilkeson, Samuel, 295

  Wilkinson, Moses, 107, 136

  Will, George, 762

  Willard, Frances, 339–40

  William Jennings Bryan University, 461

  Williams, Roger, 44

  religious and political freedom espoused by, 49–50

  Willkie, Wendell, 478–79, 480, 481, 482, 492, 551

  Wills, Garry, 679

  Wilmington, N.C., 202, 204

  Wilmot, David, 244, 246

  Wilmot Proviso, 244–46, 245, 263

  Wilson, Alex, 585

  Wilson, Edith, 400, 401

  Wilson, James, 119, 122, 124, 131, 141, 156, 167

  Wilson, William B., 377, 384

  Wilson, Woodrow, 348, 491

  books on American democracy by, 373–74

  desire to stay out of World War I, 393

  in election of 1912, 385, 387

  in election of 1916, 393

  on evolution of Constitution, 373

  Fourteen Points proposed by, 396–97

  Geneva sculpture of, 474

  good relationship with press, 388

  inauguration of, 387–88

  on industrialization, 378

  at Paris Peace Conference, 398–400, 414

  on Progressives, 365

  racial inequality endorsed by, 389

  strokes of, 401

  tax bill of, 397

  windmills, 192

  Wi
nning of the West, The (Roosevelt), 374

  Winslow, Edward, 45

  Winthrop, John, 20, 43, 44, 45

  Wired, 730, 730, 731–32

  Wisconsin, immigrants recruited to, 208

  Wise, Henry, 292

  WOKO, 428

  Wolfe, Tom, 669

  Woman in the Nineteenth Century (Fuller), 252

  Woman of Destiny, 444

  Woman Rebel, The, 386

  Woman’s Crusade, 339–40

  Woman’s Independent Political Party, 340

  women, 190, 252–53

  citizenship of, 314, 315, 321–22

  as computer programmers, 524–25

  in Confederacy, 301–3, 302

  as consumers, 380–81

  education of, 529–30

  and election of 1912, 387

  in electoral politics, 615, 616–17

  equal rights and, 402–3

  equal rights for, 529

  as housewives, 529, 555–57, 556, 573

  lack of property rights of, 196

  in manufacturing jobs, 380

  in munitions manufacturing, 485–86, 486

  political influence of, 529, 551, 555–57, 573

  political party desired by, 340–41

  in populist movement, 332, 339–40

  Radical Republicans supported by, 320–21

  in reform societies, 195–96, 206–7, 228

  as Republicans, 529, 551, 555–57

  in revival movement, 196, 196, 197

  in temperance movement, 339–40

  tilted toward Democratic Party, 433

  voting rights of, 163, 206, 315, 324, 328, 339–40, 342, 346, 353, 364, 385–86, 387, 393, 402

  at Whig conventions, 228

  see also specific people

  women, equality of, 86–87

  Abigail Adams on, 96–97

  Women’s Army Corps, 486

  Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 339–40

  Women’s League for Equal Opportunity, 402

  Women’s National Republican Association, 341

  Women’s Peace Parade, 393

  women’s rights:

  Betty Ford on, 646–47, 654

  Gilder on, 670

  and hippies, 695

  National Women’s Conference (1977), 659–62

  and political polarization, 691–92

  Schlafly activism, 646

  see also culture wars; ERA; feminism

  women’s studies, 635

  Woodhull, Victoria, 328

  Woodville, Richard Caton, 232

  Worcester Town Meeting, 88

  Worcester v. Georgia, 215

  workingmen, 207–8

  Working Men’s Party, 207

  Workingmen’s Party of California, 336

  Works Progress Administration (WPA), 441, 443–44, 465, 497, 504

  World of Tomorrow, 472–73, 514

  World’s Christian Fundamentals Association, 392–93

  World’s Fair (1939), 472–74, 514, 526

  World Trade Center, 719–20, 721

  World War I, 362, 389–90, 393, 394, 531, 536, 745

  Armistice, 398–99

  Jim Crow in, 496

  power of government expanded by, 397

  U.S. entry into, 394–95

  World War II, 523–24, 525, 527, 536, 537, 538, 586, 745

 

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