Anatomies: A Cultural History of the Human Body

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Anatomies: A Cultural History of the Human Body Page 34

by Hugh Aldersey-Williams


  Guanyin 243

  Guerre, Martin 106–7

  Guilder, Rose 32

  gurgitators 186

  hair 93–5, 200

  pubic 93, 132, 203, 231

  Haldane, J. B. S. 53–4, 60, 112

  Hallam, Clint 110

  Hancock, Tony 147

  hands 187–202

  and counting systems 194

  hand gestures 190–94, 193

  palm-reading 196

  pointing 190–91

  preferment 197–200

  see also fingers; thumbs

  Hapshepsut 44–5

  Haraway, Donna 239

  Hardy, Thomas

  Tess of the D’Urbervilles 171–2

  The Woodlanders 95

  Hare, Augustus 179

  Hare, William 74, 75

  Harvey, Marcus xxii–xxiii

  Harvey, Thomas 112, 113

  Harvey, William 21, 72–3, 129–30, 141–2

  De Motu Cordis 72, 127, 141

  head 83–95

  phrenology 116–18, 119

  shrunken heads (tsantsas) 85–6

  see also face; skull

  hearing 157–8, 169

  loss 235

  Hearst, William Randolph 50

  heart 69, 71–2, 73, 80, 127–33, 200

  in art and drawings 132

  artificial 250

  and brain 130–31

  chambers 71, 128

  Glaser’s logo 133

  in literature 127–8, 132

  Sacred Heart 132

  shape 132, 133

  transplants 137, 252–3

  valves 14, 73, 129, 253

  Helmholtz resonators 56

  Henry VIII 44–5, 72, 191

  Hepper, Peter 197

  heredity

  and blood 144

  and eye colour 171

  hermaphrodites 210–11

  Hermaphroditos 210–11

  Herschel, William 31

  hieroglyphics 132

  Hindley, Myra xxii–xxiii

  Hindu tradition 20, 28–9, 216, 243

  Hippocrates 118–19

  Hippocratic oath 137, 235

  Hockney, David 175

  Hogarth, William 29–30

  holotypes 33–4

  Homer: Odyssey 251

  homo clausus 41, 45, 46, 235, 239

  homosexuals 145, 212

  hormones 210, 211–12

  hormone treatment 208, 212

  Hugo, Victor: Les Misérables 95

  human form

  in art and drawings 1–15, 45, 65, 203–7, 230, 232–3, 235–6

  beauty of see beauty

  embryonic development 200–201, 210

  feminine form 45, 55, 81, 204, 206–7, 231–2

  geographical metaphors xxiii–xxiv, 19–22

  ideal proportions of xxiv, 24–30, 45, 54, 81

  idioms based on parts of the body 91–3

  in literature 22–3

  male form 8, 55, 204

  naked see nudity

  as a picture of the human soul 37

  pudica pose 204, 206, 230

  in sculpture 24

  sexual see sex

  structural engineering view of the body 221

  Visible Human Project 34–7

  wax models 44, 81

  Hume, David 107–8, 216–17

  humours, four 69, 90, 142, 151–2, 226

  Hunter, John 76–7, 81

  Hunter, William 75–7

  Huxley, Aldous: After Many a Summer 255

  hydraulic press 129

  hydroxyapatite 52

  Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 73, 119

  Identikit 104

  identity xxiv–xxv, 105–8, 170

  sexual 208–14

  iliopsoas 246

  immortality 15, 34, 261–2

  biological 259

  immortalists 256, 259, 264

  incus 54

  index finger 190–91, 195, 196–7

  Inouye, Tatsuji 119

  International Federation of Competitive Eating 185–6

  intestines 12

  Io 251

  Iphis 211

  Ireland, Colin 104

  iris 170

  Ishiguro, Hiroshi 250

  islands xxiii–xxiv

  Jackson, Chevalier 180

  Jacobs, Lou 83

  Jamelia 95

  Jamieson, George, later April Ashley 207–9

  Janáček, Leos 260, 261

  Jenkins, Robert 159–60, 163

  Jernigan, Joseph Paul 35

  Jesus Christ

  on the Cross 236

  face of 101

  footprints 216

  healing Malchus’s ear 159

  Joan, Pope 213

  Jolly Roger 51

  Joy of Cooking, The 179

  Judaism 142

  jumping 220, 222, 259

  Kafka, Franz 143

  Kandinsky, Wassily 175

  Kaufmann, Hans 161

  Keats, John 143

  ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ 94

  Kemp, Martin 80

  Kerridge, Tobie 62

  Kevorkian, Jack, ‘Dr Death’ 149–50

  kidneys 134–40

  transplants 136–7

  Kimomeni Mountain 19

  Kline, Michelle 138

  Kneller, Godfrey 114

  Knox, Robert 74–5

  Koning, Petrus 44

  Krantz, Judith: Princess Daisy 171

  kuru 181–2

  Lakshmi 243

  Langlois, Judith 100

  Languille, Henri, head 85

  larynx 55–6

  Last’s Anatomy 81–2

  Lateran Council, Fourth 142–3

  Lavater, Johann Kaspar 100–101

  Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret) 26–8

  left/right-handedness 197–200

  left–right asymmetry 197–202

  legs 58, 61, 221, 222

  and cycling action 246–7

  prosthetic 245–7

  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 20

  Leiden University, anatomy theatre 7

  Lely, Peter 155

  Leonardo da Vinci xxiv, 14, 26, 104, 128, 153, 205

  leprosy 234

  Lewis, C. S. 249

  life drawing 232–3

  life expectancy 255–61

  life line 196

  Limb, Charles 124

  Linnaeus, Carl 34

  liposuction 47

  literature, bodily ideal in 22–3

  liver 41, 69, 73, 80, 128, 138, 142, 200

  Locke, John 107

  longevity 255–61

  Lorelei 94

  Louis XIV 89, 221

  Louis XV 214

  love logo, 133

  lungs 10, 71, 129, 200

  Luther, Martin 94

  McAllister, Peter: Manthropology 218

  McCullers, Carson 128

  quotation 127

  McLuhan, Marshall 244

  McManus, Chris 202

  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 121–6

  Magritte, René: Untitled (Shell in the Form of an Ear) 157

  malleus 54

  manicules 191

  Mann, Thomas: The Magic Mountain 50

  Marey, Etienne-Jules 57

  Marinetti, F. T. 175

  marrow 51

  Marsh, Othniel Charles 34

  Marsyas 234

  Mary Magdalene 94

  Mauritshuis, The Hague 1

  meat 178–9

  melancholics 151

  melanin 170, 171

  melatonin 152

  Mélisande 94

  Melville, Herman: Typee 182

  Mengele, Josef 77

  menstrual blood 143–4

  mental activity 123–4

  Messaien, Olivier 175

  Methuselah 260

  Methuselah Mouse Prize 258

  Metropolitan Police 237

  Michelangelo: David 204

  microcosm, of the human body 19–20
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br />   microcosmographias 21

  Military Medicine 149

  Milton, John 94

  Mimizuka monument, Kyoto 162–3

  Min 243

  mirror neurons 223

  Mitchell, Jason 124

  mitochondrial DNA 257

  Modulor, Le (Le Corbusier) 26–8, 27

  molecules, ‘handed’ 201

  Monro, Alexander 81

  Montaigne, Michel de 40, 181, 195

  moral choices, and the brain 123–4

  Morandi, Anna 81

  mortsafes 74

  mouth, and facial recognition 103–4, 233

  MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) 121–6

  Mueck, Ron 227

  Dead Dad 227, 250

  Muhammad 216

  Mulligan, Carey 90

  muscles 46, 58, 59, 71, 187, 188–9, 195, 221, 223, 236, 246–7

  in art and drawings 3, 5, 8, 24, 65–6, 66, 68, 187, 188, 249

  muscle fatigue 223

  muscle tissue 12, 59, 62, 182

  Muybridge, Eadweard 57

  Nabokov, Vladimir 175

  Bend Sinister 135

  Speak, Memory 175

  nails 237

  nakedness see nudity

  National Library of Medicine 34–5

  Nature 32

  nerves 21, 59, 158, 167

  nervous system 126

  Neuberger, James 139

  Neurosense 125

  new age thinking 20

  Newton, Isaac 114, 117

  Nichomachus of Smyrna 45

  No Lie MRI 125–6

  Nogier, Paul 158

  nose 86–91, 100–101

  Gogol’s ‘The Nose’ xxii, 87–8, 89

  nudity 24, 45, 203–7, 219–20, 229–33, 236

  and life drawing 232–3

  and ‘the nude’ 229–30

  and prudery 204–7, 219, 226

  striptease 207, 230–31

  types of 230

  Nuland, Sherwin 256, 258–9

  numbering systems 194

  obesity 45

  occipital lobe 119

  O’Connell, Helen 81

  O’Connor, Sinéad 94

  oestrogen 211

  O’Hara, Maureen 230

  Opportunity 94

  organ donors 136, 138–9

  see also donors

  organ transplants 136–9, 251, 252–5

  ovaries 12, 70, 136, 209–10, 254

  Ovid: Metamorphoses 210–11, 234, 243

  Owen, Richard 78, 178–9

  Palaeolithic man 198

  Paley, William 51–2, 59

  Palladio, Andrea 24

  palm-reading 196

  parietal lobes 113–14

  parietal operculum 113

  Pascal, Blaise 128, 129

  quotation 127

  Pasteur, Louis 201

  Paterson, Mary 74–5

  Penfield, Wilder 119–20

  cortical homunculus 120, 120–21

  penis 82, 203, 204, 213

  nose symbolism for 89

  pentathlon 220

  Pepys, Samuel 147

  Pernkopf, Eduard 77

  Perrett, David 102

  personal identity xxiv–xxv, 105–8

  phantom limbs 174

  Philadelphia Inquirer 206

  Phillips, Carina 20

  phlegm 151

  phlegmatics 151

  Photofit 104

  photography 97–9

  computer-manipulated 100, 104

  Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science 117

  phrenology 116–18, 119

  physiognomy 100–101

  piezoelectricity 61

  pigs 252–3

  pineal gland 119, 168–9

  Pintubi people, central Australia 218

  Pioneer plaque 205–7

  Pirsig, Wolfgang 153, 159

  pisiform bone 54

  pitch, and the ear 157–8

  Plato 23

  Platonic metaphysics 19–20, 264

  Pliny the Elder 46

  pointing 190–91

  Polykleitos 23–4

  Pope, Alexander: ‘The Rape of the Lock’ 94

  pornography 230, 231–2

  Poussin, Nicolas: Et in Arcadia Ego 51

  prefrontal cortex 113

  prejudice, and the brain 123, 124

  In Preparation 222–3

  prestidigitation 196

  Priapus 203, 243

  primitive streak 200

  ‘printing’ of human tissue 139–40

  prion diseases 181–2

  prosthetics 245–7

  Proust, Marcel 175

  prudery 204–7, 219, 226

  pubic hair 93, 132, 203, 231

  pudica pose 204, 206, 230

  pulmonary circulation 21, 71–2, 73

  pupils of the eye 167

  Putin, Vladimir 236

  Quant, Mary 132

  Quetelet, Adolphe 30

  Rabelais, François 93, 127, 184

  Gargantua and Pantagruel xxii, 88–9, 127, 194

  race 237

  Rachmaninov, Sergei 199

  Ramachandran, Vilayanur 176–7

  Rameses II 224

  Raphael, skull 116–17

  Rapunzel 94

  Ravel, Maurice: Piano Concerto for the Left Hand 199

  Redding, Emma 222–3

  Reeve, Henry 116

  reflection, optical 167

  refraction 167

  Rembrandt xxiv, 153, 155, 162

  The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Tulp 1–6, 2–3, 8, 14, 187–8, 188, 189–90

  Reservoir Dogs (Tarantino) 157

  resurrectionists 74

  rete mirabile 69

  rhinoplasty 86–7

 

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