When Britain Burned the White House

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by Peter Snow


  Lord, Walter, The Dawn’s Early Light, New York, W. W. Norton, 1972

  Lossing, Benson J., The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1868

  Lovell, W. S., From Trafalgar to the Chesapeake, ed. R. F. Mackay, Annapolis, Naval and Military Press, 2003

  Lovell, William Stanhope, Personal Narrative of Events 1799–1815, London, William Allen, 2nd edn 1879; online at http://archive.org/stream/personalnarratioolovegoog/personalnarratioolovegoog_djvu.txt

  McCullough, David, John Adams, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2001

  McKenney, Thomas L., Memoirs Official and Personal, New York, Payne & Burgess, 1846

  Madison, James, The Writings of James Madison, ed. Gaillard Hunt, 9 vols, New York, G. P. Putnam, 1900–10; all the Madison MSS are available on the Library of Congress website at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/madison_papers/mjmquery.html

  Malcolmson, Robert, Capital in Flames: The American Attack on York, 1813, Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2008

  Marine, William Matthew, The British Invasion of Maryland 1812–15, Baltimore, Society of the War of 1812 in Maryland, 1913

  Mattern, David and Shulman, Holly, eds, The Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison, Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press, 2003

  Monroe, James, The Writings of James Monroe, ed. Stanislaus Murray Hamilton, 9 vols, New York, G. P. Putnam, 1901

  Morriss, Roger, Cockburn and the British Navy in Transition, Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 1997

  Muller, Charles, The Darkest Day: 1814: The Washington–Baltimore Campaign, Philadelphia and New York, J. B. Lippincott, 1963

  Napier, Elers, The Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir Charles Napier, 2 vols, London, Hurst & Blackett, 1862

  Napier, William, The Life and Opinions of Charles James Napier, 4 vols, London, John Murray, 1857

  Norton, Louis A., Joshua Barney, Hero of the Revolution and 1812, Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 2000

  O’Meara, Barry E., Napoleon in Exile, 2 vols, London, Simpkin & Marshall, 1822

  Pack, A. J., Admiral Sir George Cockburn: The Man who Burned the White House, Emsworth, Hampshire, Kenneth Mason Publications, 1987

  Perrett, Bryan, The Real Hornblower: The Life of Admiral Sir Alexander Gordon, New York, Henry Holt, 2006

  Pitch, Anthony S., The Burning of Washington: The British Invasion of 1814, Annapolis, Naval Institute Press, 1998

  Ralfe, J., A Naval Biography of Great Britain, 4 vols, London, Whitmore & Fenn, 1828

  Roosevelt, Theodore, The Naval War of 1812, 2 vols, New York, G. P. Putnam, 1902

  Rukert, Norman, Fort McHenry: Home of the Brave, Baltimore, Bodine & Associates, 1983

  Scott, James, Recollections of a Naval Life, London, Bentley, 1834

  Seale, William, ed., The President’s House: A History, 2 vols, Washington, DC, White House Historical Association, 2004

  Seaton, William, William Winston Seaton of the ‘National Intelligencer’, Boston, James R. Osgood, 1871

  Sheads, Scott S., Guardian of the Star Spangled Banner: Lt. Colonel George Armistead and the Fort McHenry Flag, Baltimore, Toomey Press, 1999

  Sheads, Scott S., The Rocket’s Red Glare: The Maritime Defence of Baltimore in 1814, Centreville, Md, Tidewater Publishers, 1986

  Shomette, Donald, Flotilla: Battle for the Patuxent, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009

  Skeen, Carl E., John Armstrong Junior: A Biography, Syracuse, NY, Syracuse University Press, 1981

  Smith, Harry, Autobiography of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith, London, John Murray, 1903

  Smith, Margaret B., Forty Years of Washington Society, ed. Gaillard Hunt, London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1906

  Smyth, Benjamin, A History of the Lancashire Fusiliers (Formerly XX Regiment), 2 vols, Dublin, Sackville Press, 1903

  Stagg, J. C. A., Mr Madison’s War, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1988

  Standiford, Les, Washington Burning, New York, Crown Publishers, 2008

  Taylor, Alan, The Civil War of 1812, New York, Alfred Knopf, 2010

  Tucker, Glenn, Poltroons and Patriots, Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, 1956

  Tuckerman, Henry T., Life of John Pendleton Kennedy, New York, G. P. Putnam, 1871

  Van der Voort, P. J., The Pen and the Quarter-deck: A Study of the Life and Works of Captain Frederick Chamier RN, Leiden, Leiden University Press, 1972

  Wallace Adam, The Parson of the Islands: A Biography of the Late Rev. Joshua Thomas, Philadelphia, Perkinpine & Higgins, 1861

  Wellington, Duke of, The Dispatches of Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington, 13 vols, ed. John Gurwood, London, John Murray, 1837–8

  Wellington, Duke of, Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, ed. his son the Duke of Wellington, 11 vols, London, John Murray, 1858–64

  Whitehorne, Joseph A., The Battle for Baltimore 1814, Baltimore, Nautical and Aviation Publishing, 1943

  Williams, H. Noel, The Life and Letters of Admiral Sir Charles Napier, London, Hutchinson, 1917

  Williams, John S., History of the Invasion and Capture of Washington, and of the Events which Preceded and Followed, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1857

  2) Articles

  Arnold, James Riehl, ‘The Battle of Bladensburg’, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, vol. 37–8 (1937) pp. 145–68

  Barrett, Robert, ‘Naval Recollections of the Late American War’, United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine, part 1 (1841); online at http://books.google.com/books?id=3czpY0N7zm0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

  Brown, David, ‘Diary of a Soldier 1805–27’, Journal of the Royal Highland Fusiliers, no. 8 (June 1973) pp. 23–36

  Bryan, W. B., ed., ‘Diary of Mrs William Thornton: Capture of Washington by the British’, Columbia Historical Society Proceedings, vol. 19 (1916) pp. 172–83

  Cassell, Frank, ‘Response to Crisis: Baltimore in 1814’, MHM, vol. 66 (1971) pp. 261–87

  ‘The Defense of Baltimore’, MHM, special edn, vol. 107, no. 1 (Spring 2012) pp. 102–9

  Eaton, H. B., ‘Bladensburg’, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, vol. 55 (Spring 1977) pp. 8–14

  George, Christopher T., ‘The Family Papers of Major General Robert Ross, the Diary of Colonel Arthur Brooke and the British Attacks on Washington and Baltimore in 1814’, MHM, vol. 88 (1993) pp. 300–16

  Hildt, J. C., ed., ‘Letters Relating to the Burning of Washington’, South Atlantic Quarterly, vol. 6 (January 1907) pp. 58–66

  Hoyt, William D., ‘Civilian Defense in Baltimore, 1814–15’, MHM, vol. 39 (1944) pp. 199–224, 293–309

  Hunter, M., ‘The Burning of Washington, Diary’, New York Historical Society Bulletin, 8 (October 1925) pp. 80–3

  Irwin, R. W., ed., ‘The Capture of Washington in 1814 as Described by Mordecai Booth’, Americana, no. 28 (January 1934) pp. 9–27

  Jenkins, Wheeler R., ‘The Shots that Saved Baltimore’, MHM, vol. 77 (1982) pp. 362–4

  King, Horatio, ‘The Battle of Bladensburg: Burning of Washington in 1814’, Magazine of American History, vol. 14 (November 1885) pp. 438–57

  McCormick, John H., ‘The First Master of Ceremonies at the White House’, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, vol. 7 (1904) pp. 170–94

  McKenney, Thomas L., ‘A Narrative of the Battle of Bladensburg in a Letter to Henry Banning, Esq., by an Officer of General Smith’s Staff’, Portico, vol. 5 (January–February 1818)

  McLane, Allen, ‘Col. McLane’s Visit to Washington in 1814’, Bulletin of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, vol. 1 (June 1845) pp. 16–22

  Maguire, W. A., ‘Major General Ross and the Burning of Washington’, Irish Sword: The Journal of the Military History Society of Ireland, vol. 14 (Winter 1980) pp. 117–28

  Moore, Virginia Campbell ‘Reminiscences of Washington as Recalled by a Descendant of the Ingle Family’, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, vol. 3 (1900) pp. 96–114

  M
ullaly, Franklin R., ed., ‘A Forgotten Letter of Francis Scott Key’, MHM, vol. 55 (1960) pp. 359–60

  Napier, Charles, ‘Narrative of the Naval Operations in the Potomac’, United Services Journal, part 1 (March 1833) pp. 469–81

  Pakenham, Valerie, ‘Sir Edward Pakenham and the Battle of New Orleans’, Irish Sword: The Journal of the Military Society of Ireland, vol. 9 (1969–70) pp. 32–7

  Powell, J. H., ‘Some Unpublished Correspondence of John Adams and Richard Rush, 1811–16’, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 61 (1937) no. 1, pp. 26–53, and no. 2, pp. 137–64

  Robinson, Ralph, ‘Controversy over the Command at Baltimore in the War of 1812’, MHM, vol. 39 (1944) pp. 176–98

  Robinson, Ralph, ‘New Light on Three Episodes of the British Invasion of Maryland in 1814’, MHM, vol. 37 (1942) pp. 273–90

  Ross, Sir John, ‘Ross of Bladensburg’, National Review (London) (May 1929) pp. 443–50

  Ross, Robert, ‘Memoir of Major General Robert Ross’, United Service Journal, part 1 (1829) pp. 412–16

  Sheads, Scott S., ‘A Black Soldier Defends Fort McHenry, 1814’, Military Collector and Historian, 41 (Spring 1989) pp. 20–1

  Sheads, Scott S., ‘Joseph Hopper Nicholson: Citizen-Soldier of Maryland’, MHM, vol. 98 (2003) pp. 133–51

  Sheads, Scott S., ‘Two Sidelights’, MHM, vol. 84 (1989) pp. 252–8

  Sheads, Scott S., ‘Yankee Doodle Played: A Letter from Baltimore 1814’, MHM, vol. 76 (1981) pp. 380–2

  Skeen, Carl E., ‘Monroe and Armstrong: A Study in Political Rivalry’, New York Historical Society Quarterly, vol. 57 (1973) pp. 121–47

  Skeen, Carl E., ‘Mr Madison’s Secretary of War’, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 100 (1970) pp. 336–55

  Thornton, Anna Maria, ‘Diary’, see Bryan, ed.

  Weller, M. I., ‘The Life of Commodore Joshua Barney, Hero of the Battle of Bladensburg’, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, vol. 14 (1911) pp. 67–183

  3) Other archive material

  American State Papers, US Congress, Military Affairs 16, Capture of the City of Washington, Report to the House of Representatives, 29 November 1814, ordered by the 2nd Session of the 13th Congress; online at http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=llsp&fileName=016/llsp016.db&recNum=529

  Annual Register, or a view of the History, Politics and Literature for the year 1814, London, Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1815

  Armstrong, John, Letter to Spencer, New York Historical Society MS

  Barney, Joshua, Letters, National Archives, Washington, DC

  Bluett, John Courtney, Diary, Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth, MS ref. 1995/48

  Booth, Mordecai, Letters to Tingey, National Archives, Washington, DC

  Bowlby, Captain Peter, of the 4th King’s Own, Diary, National Army Museum, London, typescript

  Brooke, Sir Arthur, MS diary of campaign, PRONI D3004; the original is at the Ulster-American Folk Park, Omagh, Northern Ireland

  Brown, Corporal, 21st Fusiliers diary, Museum of Royal Scots Fusiliers, Edinburgh

  Cockburn, Rear Admiral George, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, MS Dept

  Cockburn, Rear Admiral George, Memoir of Services, National Maritime Museum Library, Greenwich, MS Dept

  Cochrane, Vice Admiral Sir Alexander, Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, MS Dept; also available at the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

  Evans, George de Lacy, ‘Memorandum of operations on the shores of the Chesapeake in 1814’, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

  Few, Frances, Diary, Georgia Dept of Archives and History, Atlanta, Ga

  Fulford, Henry, Correspondence: see Marine, British Invasion of Maryland

  Gallatin, Mrs Albert, Letters, New York Historical Society

  Jefferson, Thomas, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC

  McElroy, Rev. John, Papers and recollections, Georgetown University Library, Special Collections

  Malcolm, Admiral P., Letters, Clements Library, University of Michigan

  National Archives, Kew, London, War Office documents 1814

  Nourse, C. J., Correspondence, Nourse Family Papers, University of Virginia

  Pickering, Timothy, Letters, Pickering Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society

  Rodgers, Minerva, Letter to John Rodgers, Rodgers Macomb Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC

  Ross, Major General Robert, Papers and letters, PRONI D2004, Belfast

  Shiner, Michael, Diary/papers, all online at Naval Historical Society website http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/shinerdiary.html and http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/NHC/shiner/shiner_diary.htm#diary

  Smith, General/Senator Samuel, Papers and letters, Library of Congress, Washington, DC, MS Dept

  US newspapers: Virginia Patriot, National Intelligencer, Baltimore Patriot, Baltimore Whig, Niles’ Register, Federal Republican, Boston Yankee, etc. are available online on Newsinhistory.com

  Webster, John, Account of 1814 campaign: see Marine, British Invasion of Maryland

  Winchester, James, James Winchester Papers, Tennessee Historical Society, Nashville

  Illustration Credits

  Courtesy of Architect of the Capitol, Washington: (painting by George B. Matthews after Gilbert Stuart).

  Benson J. Lossing The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812, 1868

  Benson J. Lossing The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812, 1868

  Benson J. Lossing The Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution vol I, 1859

  Brown University Library, Rhode Island/Bridgeman Art Library

  Courtesy of Stephen Campbell

  © Chicago History Museum/Bridgeman Art Library: (painting by Alonzo Chappel c.1859).

  © Corbis Images: (painting by John Vanderlyn c.1816)

  © Corbis Images: (painting by James Herring after John Vanderlyn)

  © Corbis Images: (drawing by George Munger, 1814)

  © Corbis Images: (photo Paul A. Souders)

  © Corbis Images

  De Agostini Picture Library/A. de Gregorio/Bridgeman Art Library: (painting by Anne Marguerite Hyde de Neuville, c.1818).

  Mary Evans Picture Library: (engraving by J. Cochran, c.1835, after Thomas Lawrence).

  © The Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, California / Bridgeman Art Library: (painting by Philip Tilyard, c1825).

  Library of Congress/Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: (drawing by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, between 1814-1820)

  Library of Congress/Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: (drawing by George Munger, 1814)

  Library of Congress/Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: (cartoon published by S.W. Fores London, 1814)

  Library of Congress/Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC

  Library of Congress/Prints and Photographs Division, Washington DC: (cartoon by William Charles, c.1814).

  © Collections of Maine Historical Society: (daguerreotype, c.1840).

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society/Baltimore City Life Museum Collection/Museum Department: (Image ID CA682 painting by Rembrandt Peale c.1817)

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society/Baltimore City Life Museum Collection/Museum Department: (Image ID CA681 painting by Rembrandt Peale, 1817)

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society/Baltimore City Life Museum Collection/Museum Department: (Image ID CA684 painting by Rembrandt Peale, 1817)

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society/Baltimore City Life Museum Collection/Museum Department: (Image ID CA 683 painting by Rembrandt Peale, c.1817-18).

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society/Museum Department: (Image ID 1939.11.1 painting by Thomas Ruckle Sr, c.1814).

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society/Special Collections: (Image ID GPVF photograph by W. Ashman, 1876).

  Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society and the National Park Service, Maryland, NPS/© Richard Sc
hlecht, 2011: (detail).

  © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London: (painting by Jon James Halls c.1817)

  © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London: (engraving by T. Blood, 1814)

  © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London: (painting by Thomas Musgrave Joy, 19th century).

  Courtesy of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, Maryland: (frontispiece, James Ewell’s The Medical Companion 1847, 10th edition).

  National Museums Northern Ireland: (painting attributed to Martin Cregan, c.1838).

  © National Portrait Gallery, London: (painting by William Charles Ross c. 1840).

  © Collection of the New-York Historical Society/Bridgeman Art Library: (painting by Bass Otis, c. 1817)

  © Collection of the New-York Historical Society/Bridgeman Art Library: (engraving by John Bower, 1814)

  © Collection of the New-York Historical Society/Bridgeman Art Library: (painting by Asher Brown Durand, 1833).

  Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Art Library

  Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Art Library

  Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Art Library

  Private Collections: (engraving by C. Turner, 1824, after William Beechey)

  Private Collections: (painting © James Brereton/photo Bridgeman Art Library)

  Private Collections

  Redwood Library and Athenaeum, Newport, Rhode Island, Gift of the Artist: (painting by Charles Bird King, c. 1829).

  The Royal Green Jackets (Rifles) Museum, Winchester.

  White House Historical Association 21 (White House Collection)

  White House Historical Association 5720: (painting © Tom Freeman 2004).

  Index

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  NOTE: Ranks and titles are generally the highest mentioned in the text

  Adams, John Quincy

  Adams, Henry

  Aetna, HMS; see also bomb ships

  Albion, HMS

  Alexandria, Virginia: delegation from sent to Winder; surrender of and ‘contribution’ paid by; attempt to disrupt attack on

 

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