(Houghton Library, Harvard; reproduced with the permission of the Houghton Library and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
16. Tom, aged about twelve.
(Hayward Bequest, King’s College, Cambridge; reproduced with the permission of King’s College Archives and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
17. Harvard Yard at the beginning of the twentieth century. This photograph appears in The Harvard (Class) Album 1901, edited by Carroll J. Swan and published in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
(Private collection)
18. Tom as a thin Harvard undergraduate in 1907, wearing what look like white flannel trousers on the porch at Eastern Point, Gloucester.
(Hayward Bequest, King’s College, Cambridge; reproduced with the permission of King’s College Archives and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
19. Tom as a student, sailing in the catboat Elsa, with family or friends.
(Hayward Bequest, King’s College, Cambridge reproduced with the permission of King’s College Archives and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
20. A modern photograph of the house at 16 Ash Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Tom lodged as a graduate student. His rooms were in the attic.
(Photograph by Clifford Boehmer, reproduced with his permission)
21. Emily Hale, aged twenty-three, in 1914 (her favourite picture of herself).
(Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Archives; reproduced with the permission of Smith College Archives)
22. Vivien Eliot as a young woman.
(Houghton Library, Harvard; reproduced with the Houghton Library and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
23. Vivien and Tom as a young married couple in 1916 in their flat at 18 Crawford Mansions, Marylebone, London.
(The Eliot Estate; this photograph, which later belonged to Valerie Eliot, is reproduced with the permission of the T. S. Eliot Estate)
24. Vivien’s photograph of Tom with Violet and Sydney Schiff in the living room of the house the Eliots leased with Bertrand Russell at 31 West Street, Marlow, Buckinghamshire.
(Hayward Bequest, King’s College, Cambridge; reproduced with the permission of King’s College Archives and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
25. Bertrand Russell in 1916.
(Bertrand Russell Archive, McMaster University; reproduced with the permission of the Bertrand Russell Archive at McMaster)
26. Vivien at home in the Eliots’ London flat.
(Houghton Library, Harvard; reproduced with the permission of the Houghton Library and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
27. Tom, Osbert Sitwell, young Jeremy Hutchinson, and Mary Hutchinson at West Wittering, Sussex, in July 1919.
(The Eliot Estate; this photograph, which later belonged to Valerie Eliot, is reproduced by permission of the T. S. Eliot Estate)
28. A modern photograph of London’s Clarence Gate Gardens. The Eliots’ flat at number 9 was in the far block on the left, just before the church.
(Photograph by Aisha Farr, reproduced with her permission)
29. An early twentieth-century postcard showing the Hôtel-Pension Ste-Luce (now demolished) in Lausanne, where ‘What the Thunder Said’ was written.
(Private collection)
30. Vivien’s summer 1920 photograph of (right to left) Violet Schiff, Tom, Sydney Schiff, Lady Tosti (widow of the composer F. P. Tosti), Wyndham Lewis, and two Italian visitors, Signor and Signora Emanueli, in the Schiffs’ garden at Eastbourne. Tom is smiling directly at the photographer.
(Hayward Bequest, King’s College, Cambridge; reproduced with the permission of King’s College Archives and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
31. Tom’s photograph of Vivien with the same group on the same occasion.
(Hayward Bequest, King’s College, Cambridge; reproduced with the permission of King’s College Archives and the T. S. Eliot Estate)
32. The title page of The Waste Land when first published as a book.
(National Library of Scotland; reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland)
A Note About the Author
Robert Crawford is the author of Scotland’s Books and the coeditor of The Penguin Book of Scottish Verse. A fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the British Academy, he is the Professor of Modern Scottish Literature at the University of St. Andrews. The Bard, his biography of Robert Burns, was named the Saltire Society Scottish Book of the Year in 2009. Crawford’s seven poetry collections include Testament and Full Volume, which was short-listed for the T. S. Eliot Prize. He lives in Scotland. You can sign up for email updates here.
ALSO BY ROBERT CRAWFORD
NONFICTION
The Savage and the City in the Work of T. S. Eliot
Devolving English Literature
Identifying Poets: Self and Territory in Twentieth-Century Poetry
The Modern Poet
Scotland’s Books: The Penguin History of Scottish Literature
The Bard: Robert Burns, A Biography
Bannockburns
On Glasgow and Edinburgh
Robert Burns and Cultural Authority (editor)
The Scottish Invention of English Literature (editor)
Contemporary Poetry and Contemporary Science (editor)
POETRY
A Scottish Assembly
Sharawaggi (with W. N. Herbert)
Talkies
Masculinity
Spirit Machines
The Tip of My Tongue
Selected Poems
Apollos of the North
Full Volume
Simonides
Testament
ANTHOLOGIES
Other Tongues: Young Scottish Poets in English, Scots and Gaelic (editor)
The Penguin Book of Poetry from Britain and Ireland since 1945 (editor with Simon Armitage)
The New Penguin Book of Scottish Verse (editor with Mick Imlah)
Scottish Religious Poetry (editor with Meg Bateman and James McGonigal)
The Book of St Andrews (editor)
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Contents
Title Page
Copyright Notice
Dedication
Frontispiece
Introduction
1 Tom
2 Hi, Kid, Let’s Dance
3 Schoolings
4 A Full-Fledged Harvard Man
5 A Rose
6 Secret Knowledge
7 Voyages
8 A Philosopher and Actor Falls in Love
9 The Oxford Year
10 V. S. Eliot
11 Observations
12 American
13 Old Man
14 Professional
15 To Lausanne
16 The Waste Land
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Notes
Index
Photographs
List of Plates
A Note About the Author
Also by Robert Crawford
Copyright
Farrar, Straus and Giroux
18 West 18th Street, New York 10011
Copyright © 2015 by Robert Crawford
All rights reserved
Originally published in 2015 by Jonathan Cape, Great Britain
Published in the United States by Farrar, Straus and Giroux
First American edition, 2015
eBooks may be purchased for business or promotional use. For information on bulk purchases, please contact Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department by writing to [email protected].
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Crawford, Robert, 1959–
Young Eliot: from St. Louis to The Was
te Land / Robert Crawford.
pages cm
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-374-27944-8 (hardback) — ISBN 978-1-4299-5176-0 (e-book)
1. Eliot, T. S. (Thomas Stearns), 1888–1965. 2. Poets, American— 20th century—Biography. I. Title.
PS3509.L43 Z6545 2015
821'.912—dc23
[B]
2014047118
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