Edmund Pettus Bridge, 245, 246
Edwards, Audrey, 361
EEOC, 298
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 2, 108–11, 113–16, 130, 139, 141, 143–44, 146, 162, 175, 184, 193, 194, 196, 199, 224; Bandung Conference and, 152–53; civil rights and, 102, 126–28, 133–34, 140, 144–46, 171–73, 203, 208, 212–15, 220–21; election of, 101–2; Faubus and, 212, 214; Payne and, 114–15, 135–37, 139–40, 144–49, 173, 224, 298
Eisenhower, Mamie, 146
Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, 215
Elizabeth II, Queen, 215
Ellington, Duke, 298
Elks, 227, 237
Emancipation Proclamation, 46, 134, 239, 240, 243, 246
employment, 43, 141, 148–49; in Chicago, 40, 43, 89–90
Enterprise, USS, 261–62
Ervin, Sam, 205
Essence, 361
Ethel L. Payne Fellowship, 387–88
Evers, Medgar, 175
Evers, Myrlie, 285
Faisal, Prince, 164
Fall, Bernard, 270
Farrakhan, Louis, 358, 378
Faubus, Orval, 209, 210, 212–15
Fauntroy, Walter, 284
FBI, 50, 122, 164, 215, 299, 322–23
Federal City Club, 297
Federal Council of Negro Affairs, 103
Feldman, Mike, 297
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 248
FEPC, 43, 54
FHA, 136
Final Call, 378
Finch, Robert, 312
Fisk Forum, 355
Fisk University, 343–44, 350, 352–56
FitzGerald, Frances, 270
Fleeson, Doris, 197
Folliard, Edward T., 144–45, 149
Ford, Gerald, 331–32
Ford Foundation, 336
Foreign Correspondents’ Club, 71, 77
Forest, Lorenzo, 264–65
Foster, Stephen, 167
Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, 65
Frederick, John T., 39
Friedan, Betty, 248, 329
Gandhi, Mahatma, 50, 192
Garvey, Marcus, 197
Gates, Mahlon Eugene, 269
Gellhorn, Martha, 270
George Washington University, 336
Germany, 56, 169–70
Ghana, 196–99, 202, 304, 378
Goldwater, Barry, 248, 249
Goodlett, Carlton, 329
Goodwin, Edward L., Sr., 104–5, 223
Granger, Lester, 141–43, 155, 198
Grass, Martha, 291
Gray, Fred, 182, 184
Gray, Louis Patrick, III, 322
Gray, Thelma Elizabeth (sister), 11, 12–13, 26, 27–29, 69, 102, 163, 309, 320, 324, 371–73
Gray, William, III, 386
Great Books, 69
Green, Dwight, 50, 51
Green, Ernest, 361
Green, Victor H., 105
Gregory, Dick, 343–44
Grooms, Harlan Hobart, 184
Hagerty, James, 114–16, 135, 139, 146–47, 171–72, 215, 220
Haiti, 156, 157
Halberstam, David, 323
Haley, Alex, 349, 370
Haley, George, 370
Hall, Robert, 123, 124
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 325
Hansberry, Carl A., 88
Hansberry, Lorraine, 88
Harriday, Mamie, 300
Harriman, Averell, 193
Harris, Louis, 249
Hart, John, 313
Harvard University, 382
Harvey, Fred, 388
Hatcher, Andrew, 237
Hatcher, Richard, 302
Hayes, Ira, 306
Haynes, Gillie, 351
Hays, Brooks, 212, 213
Hayward, J. C., 372
Hearst, William Randolph, 21
Height, Dorothy, 291
Hemingway, Ernest, 24–26
Hicks, James L., 71–74, 178–80, 185, 209
Higgins, Marguerite, 388
Hill, J. Lister, 101
Hill, Oliver, 81
Himes, Chester, 36
Hooks, Benjamin, 337, 340
Hoover, J. Edgar, 299
Hope, Bob, 259, 260, 262
housing, 135–36, 139, 142, 149; in Chicago, 42, 88
Howard University, 102, 201, 279, 325; choir of, 107–8, 114–16, 119, 386
Huff, William Henry, 176
Hughes, Langston, 125
Humphrey, Hubert, 5, 99, 188, 295–96, 302, 314, 328
Huntley, Chet, 163, 164
Hurley, Ruby, 175, 185
If He Hollers Let Him Go (Himes), 36
Indonesia, 150–51, 152–59, 160–68, 172, 180, 195, 200, 304
Inland Steel, 90
Interracial Commission, 51, 52–55, 57
Iyalla, Joe, 304, 305
Jack, Homer A., 163
Jackson, C. D., 154
Jackson, Jackie, 382
Jackson, Jesse, 285, 289–90, 302, 310–12, 341–42, 375–76, 382, 385; Coleman and, 357–60; presidential candidacy of, 357
Jackson, Mahalia, 201
Jackson, Yusef, 382
Jackson State University, 350–52
James, Daniel “Chappie,” Jr., 311, 328
Japan, 57; Korean War and, 69–70, 71, 76; occupation babies in, 64–66, 272; Payne in, 59, 60–70, 71–79, 87–88, 90, 169, 263, 268, 272; women and soldiers in, 72–78, 272
Jarrett, Vernon, 4
Jennings, T. H., 183
Jet, 173, 174, 199, 202, 221, 222, 237, 257, 311, 368
Johns, Barbara Rose, 79–81, 129
Johns, Vernon, 80
Johnson, Avis Ruth (sister), 12–13, 28, 29, 57, 235, 371–73, 387
Johnson, David Payne (nephew), 376
Johnson, James (brother-in-law), 235
Johnson, James A. “Jimmy” (nephew), 228–31, 235–36, 385
Johnson, Lady Bird, 276–77, 303, 328
Johnson, Luci Baines, 303
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 233–36, 243–44, 245–49, 257, 271, 282, 284, 295–97, 303, 328, 386; Civil Rights Act of 1957 and, 206–7, 234, 243; Civil Rights Act of 1964 and, 1–2, 4–5, 243–45; King and, 276–77
Johnson, Mordecai, 201
Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, 337
Jordan, Barbara, 251
Jordan, Vernon, 339–41
Joseph, James A., 381, 386–87
Justice Department, 54, 112, 175, 205, 207, 218, 292
Kase, Toshikazu, 68
Kempton, Murray, 238
Kennedy, Edward, 339–40
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 235, 285
Kennedy, John F., 220, 233, 237, 240–41, 243, 297; assassination of, 1, 243–44; civil rights and, 205–6, 208, 233–34, 239, 243–44, 295; election of, 234–35
Kennedy, Robert F., 5, 240, 290–91, 295
Kenya, 330, 348, 365
Kenyatta, Jomo, 330
Kerner Report, 299
King, Coretta Scott, 198, 285, 291, 328, 368, 376
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 2, 5, 50, 180, 181, 182, 191, 192, 194, 198, 200–202, 235, 238, 243, 244, 247, 277–80, 282–83, 288, 299, 352, 359, 376, 380, 386, 389; assassination of, 283–85; at Capital Press Club, 274–76; jailing of, 239; Johnson and, 276–77; March on Washington speech of, 241–42; Montgomery bus boycott and, 184, 188–91; Nixon and, 198–99, 203, 204, 295; Poor People’s Campaign of, 280–81; radicals and, 277; Southern Christian Leadership Conference of, 248, 277–81; Vietnam War and, 257, 258, 274–76
Kissinger, Henry, 309, 329–32, 349
Kitt, Eartha, 276–77
Kleeman, Richard, 180
Komer, Robert, 256
Korean War, 69–70, 71, 76, 271
Labor Department, 235
La Guardia, Fiorello, 42
Lange, Karen, 387
Lautier, Louis, 112–14, 133, 139, 146, 153–56, 203
LBJ Presidential Library, 303, 337
Lee, George, 191
Lee, Vivian, 62
Lehman, Herbert, 98–99
Leonard, Walter J., 343, 353, 355
Lester, Amy, 95–96
Lewis, John, 310
Liberia, 157, 200, 330
Life, 127, 154
Lincoln, Abraham, 1, 246
Lincoln Day Dinner, 107–8, 114–15
Lindblom Technical High School, 23–27, 39
Lisagor, Peter, 199
Little, Frank, 62
Little Women (Alcott), 30, 31
Little Rock, Ark., 210–12, 351; Central High School, 209–10, 212–15, 361
Liuzzo, Viola, 247
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 212
Long, Russell, 205, 285
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 37
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 118
Lorch, Grace, 211
Lorch, Lee, 210–11, 328
Los Angeles Times, 116, 172
Lowther, Kevin, 366–67
Lubowski, Anton, 378
Lucas, C. Payne, 345–46, 380
Lucas, Patricia, 346
Lucy, Autherine, 177–79, 184–87, 217
MacArthur, Douglas, 70, 71, 76–79, 87, 272
Madison, Afreda, 374–75
Magloire, Paul, 156
Malan, Daniel, 101
Malcolm X, 352–53
Mandela, Nelson, 363, 367, 379–80, 387
Mandela, Winnie, 367–69, 379–80, 387
Mansfield, Mike, 247
Manton, Thomas B., 317–18
Mao Zedong, 318
March on Washington, 239–43, 290
March on Washington Movement, 2, 41–51, 54, 56, 181, 191, 201, 202, 232, 239–42, 282, 291
Marshall, Thurgood, 77, 81, 129–30, 175, 182–83, 185–87, 297, 309
Martin, Louis, 74, 77–78, 86–87, 106, 108, 110, 116–17, 142–43, 145, 150, 177, 215, 229, 297, 300, 338, 344, 358; Bandung Conference and, 156–57; and Defender’s closing of Washington bureau, 223–25; Vietnam War and, 257–58, 271
Marx, Karl, 124
Mauldin, Bill, 287
Mazique, Edward C., 284, 288
McCarthy, Joseph, 121–25, 133, 134, 365
McClellan, John, 124–25, 279–80
McClendon, Sarah, 300
McCulloch, William, 5
McFarlane, Bryan, 370
McGovern, George, 302, 303
McKavitt, Matthew, 54–55
Meany, George, 232
Medicare, 237, 248
Medill School of Journalism, 86, 370–71
Meer, Fatima, 379
Meese, Edwin, III, 360
Metcalfe, Ralph, Sr., 323
Metropolitan Women’s Democratic Club, 232–33
Michener, James, 163
Midway, USS, 364
Miller, Juanita, 346, 348
Miller Brewing Company, 370
Milloy, Courtland, 375
Mills, Dean, 381
Mills, Maimouna, 387
Minneapolis Tribune, 155, 180
Mitchell, Clarence, Jr., 2, 137–38, 148, 175, 207, 231, 376
Mitchell, James P., 203
Mobutu Sese Seko, 309, 314–16, 330, 349
Modern Women Social and Charity Club, 42–43
Montague, Magnificent, 213–14
Montgomery, Ala., 194; bus boycott in, 2, 50, 177, 179–80, 181–84, 188–91, 277, 359, 388; Improvement Association, 180, 181, 190; Selma to Montgomery marches, 245–47
Morrow, E. Frederic, 109–11, 127
Mosley, Walter, 235
Moss, Annie Lee, 121–25, 365
Mothershed family, 212
Moton High School, 79–80, 129, 132
Moyers, Bill, 257–58, 271, 297
Moynihan, Daniel P., 298–99
Murphy, Frances, 386
Murphy, Reg, 320–21, 328
Murray, Pauli, 248
Murray, Willard, Jr., 292
Murrow, Edward R., 125
Mutual Black Network, 329–30
NAACP, 2, 35, 42, 45, 50–51, 54, 55, 77, 81, 109, 111, 129, 130, 133, 137, 139, 141, 176, 179, 182–83, 185–87, 207, 209, 231, 274, 278, 283, 313, 337; Crisis, 32, 54, 99, 327; Payne’s membership in, 227
NABJ (National Association of Black Journalists), 387–88
Nabrit, James, Jr., 279
Namibia, 366, 367, 377–78
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 161
National Black Political Convention, 301–2
National Conference on Black Power, 278
National Council of Negro Women, 117
National Negro Publishers Association, 112, 128, 153–54
National Newspaper Publishers Association, 298–99, 308, 329
National Organization for Women, 248
National Press Club, 111, 127, 154, 171, 324, 366
National Urban League, 32, 141–43, 148, 155, 156, 198, 290, 297, 310, 311, 323, 331–32, 339–41
Native Son (Wright), 38
Negro American Labor Council, 232
Negro Family, The (Moynihan), 298
Negro Motorist Green Book, The, 105
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 162, 163
Newseum, 388
Newspaper Guild, 92, 155, 224, 225
New York Amsterdam News, 4, 32, 153, 178
New Yorker, 32, 161
New York Herald Tribune, 116, 127
New York Times, 1, 22, 145, 146, 172, 180, 189, 207, 213, 274, 322, 337, 354
Nigeria, 304–8, 314
Nixon, Edgar D., 50, 181, 184
Nixon, Pat, 117, 198, 202, 203, 222, 309, 312
Nixon, Richard, 119–20, 171, 180, 196, 197, 199, 202, 219–20, 233, 295–99, 301, 303, 311–12, 316, 327; in Africa, 196–200, 202, 220, 221, 295, 308–9; in China, 317, 322; civil rights and, 198–200, 202–3, 220, 295; King and, 198–99, 203, 204, 295; Payne’s interview with, 200; at Payne’s party, 221–23, 236; Payne’s profile of, 219–10
Nkrumah, Kwame, 196–97, 199
Northwestern University, 39
O’Brien, Lawrence F., Jr., 244
O’Brien, Thomas, 228–29
O’Hara, Barratt, 228–29
Oklahoma Eagle, 104–6, 223
Operation Hunger, 367
Otnes, Fred, 388
Parks, Rosa, 176–77
Pastore, John, 206–7
Payne, Alice Wilma (sister), 12–13, 27, 28, 59
Payne, Alma Josephine (sister), 12–13, 28
Payne, Avis Ruth (sister), see Johnson, Avis Ruth
Payne, Bessie Austin (mother), 9–15, 29, 30, 38, 57, 59, 60, 66, 89, 145, 270, 299, 380–81; death of, 299–300; Ethel’s writing and, 24, 25, 31, 299; race riot and, 19; William’s death and, 26–27
Payne, Lemuel Austin (brother), 12–13, 15–16, 27, 28, 30; army service of, 56, 268
Payne, Ethel Lois: at AFL-CIO, 226–27, 231–33, 235, 236, 240; birth of, 10; 336–37; celebrity status of, 369–71; childhood of, 11–16, 17; death of, 382–83, 384; and decline of black press, 360–61; education of, 15–16, 23–27, 30–31, 35–37; essay contest entered by, 31; exhibit on life of, 380; first political journalism of, 98–103; funeral for, 385–86; generosity of, 218–19, 371–72; hair of, 165–66, 195–96; honors and awards of, 325, 365–66, 381, 387, 388; journalism chair created for, 343–44; law career desired by, 30, 37; library job of, 39, 40, 47, 48, 54, 55, 59; matron job of, 37–38; as nursery school teacher, 38; in paddy wagon incident, 57–58; parties of, 221–23, 236, 339; as radio and television commentator, 313–14, 336; romantic life of, 60, 66–67, 233, 340, 341; salary and finances of, 149–50, 218–19, 224, 226, 227, 273, 334, 336–38, 360, 371–72; speaking engagements of, 325–27, 354; writing ambition and short stories of, 24, 25, 30–34, 36–37, 39, 74; writing style of, 361
Payne, Thelma Elizabeth (sister), see Gray, Thelma Elizabeth
Payne, William A. (father), 9–11, 15, 91, 300; death of, 26–27, 91; race riot and, 19
Pearson, Drew, 171–72, 220
Phillip, Prince, 215
Phillips, Channing Emery, 296
Pierce, Samuel, 369
Pittsburgh Courier, 4, 42, 46, 70, 236,
274
Plessy v. Ferguson, 81, 130
Poor People’s Campaign, 280–81, 282–83, 285–93, 294
Pope, James, 310
Portrait in Black, 104
Portrait of a Queen: The Legacy of Ethel Lois Payne, 343
Postal Service, 388
Poussaint, Renee, 354, 372
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 152–54, 158, 159, 168, 171, 188, 194, 198, 215, 315, 343
Powell, Jack, 108
Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, 201, 202, 241
Price, Margaret, 236–38
Pulitzer, Joseph, 21
Pullman porters, 10–11, 19, 22, 42, 50; Payne’s series on, 91–92
Pyle, Ernie, 262
Rabb, Maxwell M., 110–11, 114, 116–18, 119, 120, 127–28, 136, 194
Rabb, Ruth, 118
Raisin in the Sun, A (Hansberry), 88
Randolph, A. Philip, 2, 41–50, 54–56, 58, 182, 198, 201, 202, 232, 239–44, 282, 291, 376
Raspberry, William, 370
Raye, John, 314, 338, 343, 372
Reagan, Ronald, 341–43, 350, 352, 360, 362, 369
Red Cross, 43, 58, 62, 64, 307
Reese, Jeannetta, 184
Reeves, Frank D., 233, 234, 236
Republican National Committee, 127, 194, 227
Republican National Conventions: of 1956, 193; of 1968, 294–95; of 1972, 303
Republican Party, 111, 113, 120, 187, 194–95, 197, 204, 228, 250, 302–3
Resurrection City, 286, 288–93, 294
Reynolds, Barbara, 341–43, 372
riots, 17–20, 49, 50, 53, 284
Robert Kennedy and His Times (Schlesinger), 365
Robert Russa Moton High School, 79–80, 129, 132
Robeson, Paul, 163
Robinson, Maurice, 313–14
Robinson, Max, 324
Robinson, Spottswood, III, 81, 129
Rockefeller, Nelson A., 153–56
Rogers, William P., 144, 308, 309, 330, 340
Rolark, Calvin W., 361
Rómulo, Carlos Peña, 158, 161
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 41–42, 67, 194
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 41–43, 49, 100n, 103, 112
Rougeau, John, 381–82
Rougeau, Weldon, 372
Rowan, Carl, 155, 164, 180, 209, 276
Roxborough, Mildred, 313
Rumsfeld, Donald, 311
Russell, Richard, Jr., 99–101, 205, 244
Russwurm, John B., 128, 370
Rustin, Bayard, 50, 241, 290, 311
St. John AME Church, 43, 190, 389
Salinger, Pierre, 297
Sanders, Charles, 329
Saunders, Doris, 338, 350
Scales, Vesharn, 346, 348
Scali, John, 199
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 365
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), 248, 277–81, 285; Poor People’s Campaign of, 280–81, 282–83, 285–93, 294
Scott, Hugh, 187
Scott, Valentina, 160–61
Seals, Connie, 327–28
Eye on the Struggle Page 44
