Audley family, 135
Audley, Captain Lewis, 492
Auldearn, battle of (1645), 398
Axtell, Colonel Daniel, 555
Ayle, Captain Edmund, 96
Bacon, Lloyd, 163
Balfour, Sir William, 363
Ball, Lawrence, 267–8
Ballam (schoolteacher), 150
Ballard, Colonel Thomas, 412
Bampfield, Colonel Joseph, 445–9
Banbury, 293, 369; Cross, 197
Bankes, Anthony, 25
Banqueting House, Whitehall, 247, 339
baptism, 5
Baptists: in New Model Army, 420; meeting places, 433
Barberini, Cardinal Francesco de, 60
Barebone, Praise-God, 565
Barefoot (Dorchester barber), 138
Bartas, Guillaume du, 55
Barthomley, Cheshire: massacre (1643), 288–90, 564
Basing House: siege of, 209, 357, 407; unemployed actors in, 282
Bass, Edward, 570
Bassano family, 528
Bassompierre, Francois de, 58, 63
Bastwick, John, 98, 200, 213, 481–2
Bath, John Grenville, 1st Earl of (and Viscount Lansdowne), 34, 141, 174, 231, 404, 566
Baxter, Richard: on Cromwell’s character, 22; on rebellion in Ulster, 110, 114; on rumoured Catholic plot, 113; justifies Parliamentarianism, 173–4; on iconoclasm, 204; on soldiers and army, 417–18; bullets stopped by pocket Bible, 422; as chaplain in New Model Army, 424, 429; and Whalley’s cavalry, 427; hatred of Independents, 466
Beale, Thomas, 108
Beard, Thomas: The Theater of Gods Judgements, 19
Bedford, Francis Russell, 4th Earl of, 104, 280
Beevers, Thomas, 248
Bennett, Robert, 538
Berkeley Castle, 344
Berkeley, Sir John, 438, 456, 460–1
Berkshire, Bridget, Countess of, 530
Bernard, Richard: A Guide to Grand Jurymen, 383
Berry, Dorothy, 512
Berwick-upon-Tweed, 85, 533, 540
Bethell, Sir Hugh, 331
Bevis of Hampden (drama), 514
Binyon, Laurence, 340
bishops: abolition proposed, 121–2, 130
Bishops’ Wars, 85, 89
Blackheath, 534
Blackwell, John, 202
Blagrave, George, 411
Blake, Colonel Robert, 437–9
Blechly (Brilliana Harley’s servant), 145
Body, William, 159
Bolton, Lancashire, 291, 294, 327–8
Bolton, John, 570
Bolton, William, 295
Bond, Dennis, 102
Book of Sports, 214
books and pamphlets: production increases, 285
bookshops, 409
Bosville, Major, 544
Boswell (Royalist spy), 455
Bowle, John, 422
Brabazon, Wallop, 154
Braddock Down, battle of (1643), 208, 228
Bradshaw, John, 552–6
Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire: Harley: at, 143, 146–7, 149; threatened by Royalists, 153–4, 215; besieged (1643–4), 216–18, 220; razed and not rebuilt, 221–2, 348
Brandford, Clara, Lady, 274
bread, 341–2
Brentford: engagement at (1642), 190–3, 290
Brereton, William, 141, 220
Bridge of Dee, battle of (1639), 86
Bridgewater, John Egerton, 1st Earl of, 102
Bridgewater, Somerset: siege (1645), 422; loses suburbs, 441
Bristol: Parliamentarianism, 209; Royalists capture and plunder, 252, 285; Fanshawes in, 403–4
Browne, Nicholas, 173, 416
Browne, Sir Thomas: Pseudodoxia Epidemica, 442; Religio Medici, 208
Buchanan, George, 13
Buckingham, Catherine, Duchess of, 24’
Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of: rivalry with Charles, 15; assassinated, 16, 48; Prynne on, 30; attends Lucy Hay’s wedding, 54; as supposed lover of Lucy Hay, 62; Henrietta Maria detests, 63; Bevil Grenville opposes, 156; Sir Bernard Grenvill supports, 157; Laud dreams of, 212; given Rubens crucifixion picture, 244; Rubens dislikes, 246; death predicted by Lady Eleanor Davies, 530
Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of, 536
Bullock, John, 411
Bulstrode, Sir William, 100
Bunyan, John: childhood, 10; Pilgrim’s Progress, 300
Burford, 502–3
Burly, Captain Barnabe, 544
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, 21
Burroughs, Jeremiah, 46—7
Burrow Hill, near Daventry, Northamptonshire, 426
Burrow Hills, Essex, 513
Burt, Jeffrey, 441
Burt, Joan, 441
Burton, Henry: released from prison, 98; and Robert Harley, 146, 150; ears cropped, 200; urges destruction of Cheapside Cross, 213; Lilburne distributes pamphlet, 481–2
Burton, Thomas, 124
Bury St Edmunds, 239
Butler, Colonel, 365
Butler, Samuel, 194; Hudibras, 385
Byron, (Sir) John, 1st Baron, 178, 289, 329, 332, 418
Byron, Sir Nicholas, 253–5, 327
Calvert, Sir George, 244
Calvin, Jean, 145, 149, 400
Calvinism: Laud opposes, 26; doctrines and practices, 100, 144, 146; and Scots
Covenanters, 453
Cambridge: Milton attends university, 308–13; Queen’s College, 480
Camby, Colonel, 334
Cameron clan, 397
‘camp fever’, 414
Campbell clan: Protestantism, 73; Montrose harasses, 397–8
Campion, Edmund, 213, 307
Campion, Thomas, 53
Canterbury: glorycloth burnt, 301
Canterbury His Change of Diet (pamphlet), 99
Capel, Arthur, 1st Baron, 220, 541–2, 548
Capel, Elizabeth, Lady, 274
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, 567
Carbisdale, battle of (1650), 402
Carew, Alexander, 158
Carey, Richard, 13–14
Carey (Rivers family steward), 135
Carill, John, 113
Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight: Bampfield proposes escape plan for
Charles, 448; Charles reaches, 461;
Charles’s captivity in, 543–6
Carlisle, 432, 441, 533, 540
Carnwath, Robert Dalyell, 2nd Earl of, 429
Carpenter, Thomas, 355
Carr, George, 529
Carter, Anne, 512–13
Carter, John, 512
Cartwright, Joanna and Ebenezer, 528
Cartwright, William, 66
Caryl, Joseph, 283
Case of the Army Truly Stated, The, 477, 486, 490
Castle Cary, Somerset, 440
casualties: in battle, 298, 335, 431
cavalry: equipment and methods, 419
Cecil, Robert (1st Earl of Salisbury), 12
censorship: lifted, 283–5
Certain queries propounded to the consideration of those who are intended for the service of Ireland (Leveller pamphlet), 505
Chalgrove field, 281
Chaloner, Thomas, 464
Chamberlain, Sir James, 461
Chamberlain, John, 53, 55
Chandos, George Brydges, 6th Baron, 222–4
Chapman, Henry, 546
Chappell, William, 309
Charles I, King: account of war, 3; personality, 6; hunting, 7–8; childhood and upbringing, 10–12, 17; rickets and weakness as child, 11–15; tantrums, 14–15; courts Infanta in Spain, 15–16; as heir to throne, 15; blamed as cause of war, 17, 37; marriage relations, 16, 28, 36–7, 248; personal rule, 21–2, 26, 37, 98, 172; dissolves Parliament, 22, 26; clears debts, 23; raises Ship Money, 23–6; suspected of Catholic sympathies, 27,
Charles I, King – contd. 33, 36–7, 75, 107, 113–14, 116, 146, 431; statues, 27; opposes conversions to Catholicism, 36–7; attends Lucy Hay’s wedding, 54; cou
rt and protocol, 56–7; art collection, 57–8, 60; gardening, 58; and Lucy Hay, 63; attempts uniformity of religions between kingdoms, 72, 75, 78; status in Scotland, 72–3; and Scots threat, 83; marches against Scots (1639), 84–5; returns from Scottish war, 87; and Parliamentary function, 93; relations with Parliament, 95–6; joins Northern Army (August 1640), 96; calls Parliament (April 1640), 89, 96; (November 1640), 97; and Irish rebellion, 113–14; signs Strafford’s death warrant, 117, 544, 559; and passing of Grand Remonstrance, 120; enters Commons to charge Pym and colleagues, 122–3,126; moves from London to Hampton Court, 126–7, 131; attitude to London, 127–8; refuses to sanction hanging of priests, 139; raises standard (August 1642), 140–1, 158; popular hostility to, 172–3; petitions to, 173; threatens then withdraws from London, 194, 209, 279; images vandalised, 205–6; commissions painting from Rubens, 246–7; Rubens praises, 246; at siege of Gloucester, 251; and first battle of Newbury (1643), 260, 263; financial difficulties, 269; Parliamentary peace party negotiates with, 279–81, 541; controls coalfields, 280; loyal Londoners send help to, 281; Milton satirizes, 312; and Henrietta’s departure for France, 323–4; and fate of York, 328; food and diet, 343; at Lostwithiel, 362; at second battle of Newbury, 369–72; attempts to join Montrose in Scotland, 399; surrenders to Scots, 401, 452; pursued and harassed by Fairfax, 425–6; threatened by New Model Army in Oxford, 425; army weakened, 426; at Naseby, 427, 429; coach captured, 431; withdraws to Raglan Castle, 432; leaves Oxford for Scotland, 442, 451; correspondence with Henrietta Maria during imprisonment, 452, 454–6, 544; rejects religious conversion, 452; in custody of Parliament, 454–8; Scots hand over to Parliament, 454; rejects Heads of Proposals, 456, 489; meets younger children, 457; rejects Parliament’s peace terms, 458, 460, 462, 490; escape to Isle of Wight, 459–61, 498; Levellers propose alliance with, 497, 516; plays bowls in captivity, 504; execution questioned by The Souldiers Demand, 506; sells royal forests, 515; in Second Civil War, 532–3, 543; captivity at Carisbrooke, 543–6; reading, 543; escape plans and attempts, 545–6, 548; transferred to prison in Newport, 546; negotiates while prisoner, 547; promises Henrietta Maria not to attempt escape, 547, 549; writes to daughter Elizabeth, 548; moved to Hurst Castle, 549; physical decline, 550; trial and sentence, 552–8; awaits execution, 558–9; beheaded, 560; lying-in-state and burial, 561; art collection dispersed, 569–70; statue beheaded, 569; Eikon Basilike, 561 Charles II, King (earlier Prince of Wales): stature and appearance, 14, 459; introduces 1662 Prayer Book, 71; at Edgehill, 176, 179; reintroduces Christmas, 242; in Oxford, 250; flees Bristol for Scilly Isles and France, 404–6; receives delegation of Clubmen, 440; Bampfield proposes escape attempt on Charles I at Carisbrooke, 448; rewards Anne Halkett, 449; Ulster Presbyterians declare for, 505; and Second Civil War, 536; writes to Charles before execution, 557; learns of father’s execution, 562; disinters and hangs Cromwell’s corpse, 565; invades Scotland (1650), 565–6; Restoration (1660), 566
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 142–3, 172
Cheapside Cross: demolished, 213–14
Cheltenham, 258
Cheriton, Hampshire, 358
Chester, 141
Chewton Fight (1643), 226–7
Chickleworth, Mrs, 36
Chidley, Katherine, 468
children: interrogated and victimized, 292; effect of war on, 389–93, 395—6; deaths, 392–3; behaviour, 393–4
Chippenham, Wiltshire, 239
Cholmondeley, Colonel Robert (later Baron), 187
Christian symbols see iconoclasm
Christmas: cancelled, 233, 238–41; celebrations and customs, 234–8, 240–2; reintroduced under Charles II, 242
Church, Edmund, 135
Church of England see Anglican Church
Church of Ireland: Wentworth supports, 87
Church, Corporal John, 502–3
churches: pillaged and despoiled, 185–6, 198, 202–3, 301, 360–2; reformed and altered, 202; decorated at Christmas, 236, 242; organs destroyed, 300; see also iconoclasm
Cirencester, 259, 290, 293, 298
Clapthorne, Henry: Argalus and Parthenia (play), 9
Clare, John Holles, 2nd Earl of, 280
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of: records recollections, 2; on Cromwell’s mother, 20; on Montrose, 81, 402; on Strode, 94; on Irish rebellion, 111–13; and Marten’s suspicion of Charles, 117; doubts over Grand Remonstrance, 120; on Skippon, 130; on omens, 165–6; attends Ann and Richard Fanshawe’s wedding, 272; on Earl of Newcastle, 335; on Kenelm Digby, 351; on decline of youthful manners, 393; on battle of Naseby, 429; writes history of war, 442; on siege of Colchester, 536; on ‘great rebellion’, 561
Clarke, Elizabeth, 380
Clarke, William, 487, 499
Clarkson, Lawrence, 521
class (social), 10–11; in London, 43–4
Cleveland, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of, 362
Clotworthy, Sir John, 106–7, 244–7, 374, 564, 568
Clubmen, 435–7, 440
coal: shortage in London, 28, 280
Cobbett, Colonel John, 549
Coke, Sir Edward, 91, 102, 411
Coke, Sir John, 290
Colchester, Essex: Catholics disarmed, 132, 135; fortified, 132; Parliamentary sympathies, 160; siege and fall in Second Civil War, 311, 534–6, 541–2
Cole, Dr John, 227
Cole, Mary, 33
Comenius, Jan, 283
Committee for the Advancement of Money, 410
Committee of Safety, 105
common land, 514–15
Commons, House of see Parliament
Congregationalists, 433
Coningsby, Fitzwilliam, 217
Conn, George, 34, 36
Connaught, Major, 288–9
Conway, Edward, 2nd Viscount (1634), 66, 69
Conway, Sir Edward, 143
Cook, John, 552–3
Cook, Sir Robert, 293
cookbooks, 347–53
corantoes (news-sheets), 146
Corbett, Miles, 359
Corkbush Field, Ware, 498, 501
Corneille, Pierre, 208
Cornwall: militia muster, 158; supports Charles, 159; campaign in, 228–31, 357, 359; in Second Civil War, 534, 537–8; Anna Trapnel tours, 565
Corse Lawn, Gloucestershire, 353, 355
Coster, Robert, 522
Cotton, Sir Robert, 552, 554
Court of Exchequer Chamber, 24–5
Court of High Commission: abolished, 147
Court and Kitchen of Elizabeth Cromwell, The, 351
Courtney, Sir William, 160
Cousen, Francis, 513
Covenant: in Scotland, 77, 79–82, 215; English sympathisers, 82; and Presbyterianism, 453
Coventry: Parliamentarian sympathies, 160, 174; women in, 507
Cowley, Abraham, 250
Cowling, Nicholas, 494
Crane, Sir Robert, 134–5
Crashaw, Richard: Steps to the Temple, 442
Creed, Thomas, 173
Critz, Thomas de, 247
Croft, Sir William, 153
Croke, Sir George, 25
Croke, Unton, 267–8
Cromwell, Elizabeth (Oliver’s wife), 351
Cromwell, Elizabeth Steward (earlier Lynne; Oliver’s mother), 17, 19–20, 31
Cromwell, Henry (Oliver’s brother), 17
Cromwell, Oliver: account of war, 3; personality, 6; hunting, 8; family background and upbringing, 10, 17–21; close relations with mother, 17, 20–1; schooling, 18–19; financial position, 19; hypochondria, 21; religious conversion, 21; character and temperament, 21; John Simpson’s attitude to, 48; body displayed at Somerset House, 58; religious faith, 231, 520; and cancellation of Christmas, 233; attacks Hillesden House, 302; leadership, 324–5; campaigns in Eastern Counties, 325–7; at Marston Moor, 329, 332–7; turns against Presbyterians, 337; on death of Valentine Walton, 338–9; rejects negotiated peace, 338; at second battle of Newbury, 370; and witchcraft, 377–8; defeats Hopton in Devon, 404; supposed adultery with Mrs Lambert, 410; and New
Model Army, 420, 423; reappointed to military command, 421; Waller describes, 423; defends Eastern Association, 425; at Naseby, 427–31; and army radicalism, 456–7; negotiates with Charles in custody, 456; and Charles’s escape, 461; and Anna Trapnel, 475; Levellers question authority, 478, 505; Richard Overton satirizes, 480; and Putney debates, 487, 490–3, 496; Rainborough mistrusts, 489; orders three separate assembies after Putney debates, 498; at Corkbush Field meeting, 499; crushes army mutiny, 499, 501–2, 504; view of Irish, 506; campaigns in Second Civil War, 533–4, 538–41, 547; status, 533; Preston victory, 539–40; and appointment of judges for Charles’s trial, 554; views Charles’s body, 561, 567; in Ireland, 563–4; death, disinterment and hanging, 565; as Lord Protector, 565
Cromwell, Oliver, Junior, 325
Cromwell, Richard (Oliver’s son), 10, 421
Cromwell, Robert (Oliver’s brother), 17
Cromwell, Robert (Oliver’s father), 18
Cromwell, Robert (Oliver’s son), 19
Cromwell, Robina (Oliver’s sister), 20
Cropredy Bridge, battle of (1644), 324
crosses: as icons, 197
Crowland Abbey, 488
crown jewels and regalia, 568–9
Culmer, Richard, 190
Danby, Sir Thomas and Lady, 393
Dartmouth, 369
D’Aubigny see Aubigny
Davenant, Sir William, 62, 117, 250; The Temple of Love, 66
Davies, Lady Eleanor (later Douglas), 143, 378, 528–31; death, 566
Davies, Jack, 529
Davies, Sir John, 530
Davies, Thomas, 267
Davis (Hereford preacher), 152
Declaration of Fears and Jealousies, The, 107
Dell, William, 464
Denbigh, Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of: in family dispute over loyalty, 167–72, 185; at Edgehill, 177–8, 184; and father’s death, 184–5; and Charles’s custody by Parliament, 454
Denbigh, Elizabeth, Countess of (formerly Bourchier; Basil’s wife), 172, 250
Denbigh, Susan, Countess of (nee Villiers): and family divisions, 166–70, 172,177; and husband’s death, 184–5; in The Hague with Henrietta Maria, 184
Denbigh, William Feilding, 1st Earl of, 167,172,177,184
Denham, Sir John, 250
Denne, Cornet, 502
Denny, Honora, 53
Denton family, 301, 303–4
Denton, Sir Alexander, 303–4
Denton, John, 301, 303–4
Denton, Margaret (later Smith), 304
Denton, Susan (later Abercrombie), 301, 303
The English Civil War: A People’s History (Text Only) Page 74
