by John Boyko
21 Russell to Adams. Copy to Newcastle to Monck, February 23, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 159.
22 Adams to Russell. Copy to Newcastle to Monck, February 12, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 159.
23 McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 591.
24 Goodwin, Team of Rivals, p. 523.
25 Montreal Gazette, July 21, 1863.
26 Toronto Leader, July 17, 1863.
27 Ibid., July 25, 1863.
28 Globe, July 21, 1863, and July 28, 1863.
29 David A. Wilson, Thomas D’Arcy McGee. Vol. 2, p. 171.
30 Globe, August 19, 1863.
31 White, A. Lincoln, p. 601.
32 G.P. de T. Glazebrook, A History of Canadian External Relations, p. 76.
33 Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 544.
34 Michael Ballard, Vicksburg, p. 198.
35 Monck to Holcombe, May 14, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 159.
36 John William Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, pp. 220–21.
37 Newcastle to Head, June 1, 1861. LAC. Head Papers. Reel M-194.
38 Lyons to Monck, November 14, 1861. LAC. Monck Papers. Reel A-757.
39 New York Times, December 5, 1864.
40 Monck to Cardwell, February 8, 1865. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 161.
41 Monck to Cardwell, December 15, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 161.
42 Lt. Col. George T. Denison, Soldiering in Canada, p. 59.
43 Ibid.
44 Toronto Leader, October 6, 1863.
45 Robert Chadwell Williams, Horace Greeley, p. 250.
46 Ibid., p. 255.
47 Greeley to Lincoln, July 7, 1864. Cited in William Jewett Tenney, The Military and Naval History of the Rebellion in the United States, p. 660.
48 Ibid.
49 Lincoln to Greeley, July 9, 1864. Ibid.
50 Greeley to Lincoln, July 12, 1864. Ibid.
51 Lincoln, “To Whom It May Concern,” July 18, 1864. Cited in Tenney. The Military and Naval History of the Rebellion in the United States, p. 1867.
52 New York Tribune, July 22, 1864.
53 Ralph Fahrney, Horace Greeley and the Tribune in the Civil War, p. 167.
54 McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 769.
55 Ibid.
56 New York Herald, August 22, 1864.
57 Chauncey M. Depew, My Memories of Eighty Years, pp. 62–63.
58 Williams, Horace Greeley, p. 251.
59 Charles Frohman, Rebels on Lake Erie, p. 98.
60 Wilfrid Bovey, “Confederate Agents in Canada During the American Civil War,” p. 49.
61 Foreman, A World on Fire, p. 716.
62 Thompson to Hill, September 22, 1864. Ibid., p. 236.
63 Toronto Leader, September 30, 1864.
64 Globe, September 29, 1864.
65 Dix to Stanton, September 30, 1864. The War of the Rebellion. Series 1. Vol. 43. Part II, pp. 255–33.
66 Foreman, A World on Fire, p. 683.
67 Burnley to Russell, October 14, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
68 Seward to Burnley, September 26, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
69 Hiscock to Stanton, September 23, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406
70 Seward to Burnley, October 1, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
71 Frank Klement, The Limits of Dissent, p. 253.
72 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 219.
73 Wood Gray, The Hidden War, p. 168.
74 Ibid.
75 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 224.
76 Hines to Sedden, July 1, 1864. Cited in Bethania Meradith Smith, “Civil War Subversives,” p. 233.
77 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 226.
78 Ibid., p. 221.
79 McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 591.
80 Dix to Stanton, September 30, 1864. Hill to Potter, September 21, 1864. The War of the Rebellion. Series 1. Vol. 43. Part II, pp. 229, 234.
81 Smith to Monck, October 18, 1864. LAC. Officer of the Governor General fonds. RG7. G6. Vol. 1, p. 118.
82 Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 303.
83 Seward to Lyons, October 29, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
84 Seward to Lyons, November 1, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
85 Seward to Russell, October 24, 1864. Copy to Monck. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
86 Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 307.
87 New York Times, October 20, 1864. New York Herald, October 24, 1864.
88 Montreal Gazette, October 26, 1864. Toronto Leader, October 25, 1864. Saint John Morning Telegraph, October 27, 1864.
89 Globe, October 24, 1864.
90 Toronto Leader, November 9, 1864.
91 Globe, October 27, 1864.
92 Burnley to Monck, October 23, 1864. Office of the Governor General fonds. RG7. G6. Vol. 1, p. 136.
93 Seward to Lyons, November 3, 1864, Copy Burnley to Monck. November 7, 1864. Officer of the Governor General fonds. RG7. G6. Vol. 1, p. 138.
94 Gregory to Stanton, October 22, 1864; and Stanton to Gregory, October 22, 1864. The War of the Rebellion. Series 1. Vol. 43. Part II, p. 452.
95 Stanton to Grant, October 23, 1864. Grant to Stanton. October 24, 1864. The War of the Rebellion. Series 1. Vol. 43. Part II, pp. 452–53, 456.
96 Richmond Whig, October 16, 1864. Cited in Foreman. A World on Fire, p. 697.
97 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 265.
98 Ibid.
99 Foreman, A World on Fire, p. 701.
100 Smith, “Civil War Subversives,” p. 239.
101 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 267.
102 New York Times, November 7, 1864.
103 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 271.
104 Ibid.
105 New York Times, November 26, 1864.
106 Foreman, A World on Fire, p. 702.
107 Ibid., p. 254.
108 Burnley to Monck, November 12, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
109 Grant to Dix, November 6, 1864. Cited in Bovey, “Confederate Agents in Canada During the American Civil War,” p. 50.
110 Seward to Monck, November 7, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G5. Vol. 69.
111 Monck to Cardwell. November 25, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G5. Vol. 69.
112 Globe, December 5, 1864.
113 Kingsmill to Macdonald, November 19, 1864. LAC. Macdonald Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
114 Globe, December 15, 1864.
115 New York Times, December 29, 1864.
116 New York Herald, December 17, 1864.
117 London Times, December 29, 1864.
118 Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 319.
119 Ibid., p. 345.
120 Seward to Russell, October 24, 1864. Copy to Monck. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G5. Vol. 69.
121 Seward to Burnley, January 10, 1865. LAC. Monck Papers. CIHM no. 51406.
122 Toronto Leader, January 5, 1864.
123 Swinyard to Macdonald, December 31, 1864. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 56.
CHAPTER FIVE: GEORGE BROWN AND THE IMPROBABLE NATION
1 J.M.S. Careless, Brown of the Globe. Vol. 2, p. 127.
2 Oscar D. Skelton, Life and Times of Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, pp. 79–82.
3 Bruce Knox, “Conservative Imperialism,” p. 334.
4 Ged Martin, “Launching Canadian Confederation: Means to Ends,” p. 586.
5 Donald Creighton, “The United States and Canadian Confederation,” p. 210.
6 Knox, “Conservative Imperialism,” p. 334.
7 Ibid.
8 Lytton to Head, December 12, 1858. LAC. Head Papers. Reel M-194.
9 Knox, “Conservative Imperialism,” p. 341.
10 J.M.S. Careless, Brown of the Globe. Vol. 1, p. 253.
11 Ibid., p. 320.
12
Ibid., p. 321.
13 J.A. Gibson, “The Colonial Office View of Canadian Federation,” p. 296.
14 Creighton, John A. Macdonald. Vol. 1, pp. 291–93.
15 Monck to Newcastle, August 4, 1862. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G6. Vol. 9.
16 London Times, June 6, 1862. New York Tribune, May 29, 1862.
17 D.M.L. Farr, The Colonial Office and Canada, p. 9.
18 Newcastle to Monck, July 22, 1862. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G6. Vol. 9.
19 Lyons to Monck, February 25, 1862. LAC. Monck Papers. Reel A-756; and Lyons to Monck, February 27, 1862. LAC. Monck Papers. Reel A-756.
20 Lyons to Monck, February 27, 1862. LAC. Monck Papers. Reel A-756.
21 Globe, January 27, 1864.
22 Careless, Brown of the Globe. Vol. 2, p. 120.
23 Ibid., p. 122.
24 C.P. Stacey, “Britain’s Withdrawal from North America.”
25 Kenneth Bourne, Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, p. 256.
26 Toronto Leader, June 18, 1864.
27 Gettysburg Address. Cited in White, A. Lincoln, p. 605.
28 Rod Preece, “The Political Wisdom of Sir John A. Macdonald,” p. 460.
29 Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, p. 19.
30 Preece, “The Political Wisdom of Sir John A. Macdonald,” p. 468.
31 P.B. Waite, The Confederation Debates in the Province of Canada, p. 155.
32 Joseph Pope, Documents on the Confederation of British North America, p. 57.
33 Christopher Moore, 1867, p. 41.
34 Edmund Burke, speech to the voters of Bristol. Connor Cruise O’Brien, The Great Melody, p. 75.
35 Waite, Confederation Debates in the Province of Canada, p. 59.
36 Ibid., p. 60.
37 Ibid., p. 131.
38 Ibid., p. 86.
39 Ibid., p. 60.
40 Brown to Anne Brown, September 13, 1864. LAC. Brown Papers. MG27. ID8. Vol. 2.
41 Globe, September 21, 1864.
42 Ibid.
43 Globe, November 3, 1864.
44 C.P. Stacey, Canada and the British Army, p. 158.
45 Ibid., p. 167.
46 Cardwell to Monck, October 30, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. MG27. IB2. Vol. 1.
47 Bourne, Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815–1908, p. 265.
48 Monck to Cardwell, November 7, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. MG27. IB2. Vol. 1.
49 Cardwell to Monck, December 3, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. MG27. IB2. Vol. 1.
50 Brown to Anne Brown, December 5, 1864. LAC. Brown Papers. MG27. ID8. Vol. 2.
51 Brown to Macdonald, December 22, 1864. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 188.
52 New York Times, December 19, 1864.
53 Chicago Tribune, December 17, 1864. Cited in Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 138.
54 Macdonald to Swinyard, December 19, 1864. Joseph Pope, The Correspondence of Sir John A. Macdonald, p. 19.
55 Ibid.
56 Ibid.
57 Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 322.
58 Monck to Cardwell, November 25, 1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G5. Vol. 69.
59 Adams to Seward, February 9, 1865. Cited in Foreman, A World on Fire, p. 740.
60 Russell to Bruce, February 13, 1865. Copy to Monck. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G5. Vol. 69.
61 Thompson to Benjamin, December 3, 1864. Wink, The War of the Rebellion, p. 20o.
62 Ibid.
63 Benjamin to Thompson, December?, 1864. Cited in William Tidwell, James Hall and David Winfred Gaddy, Come Retribution, p. 203.
64 Ibid., p. 204.
65 Mallory to Thompson, December 19, 1864. Cited in Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 310.
66 Denison, Soldiering in Canada, p. 61.
67 Thompson to Lincoln, February 2, 1865. Cited in Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 325.
68 Thompson to Mason, January 21, 1865. Ibid.
69 December 24, 1864. Exhibit F. Ibid., p. 346.
70 Ibid.
71 Headley, Confederate Operations in Canada and New York, p. 354.
72 Waite, Confederation Debates in the Province of Canada, 1865, p. 132.
73 George Brown, speech to the Legislature, February 8, 1865. LAC. Brown Papers. Reel-1605.
74 Tupper to Macdonald, January 4, 1865. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG24-A. Vol. 2.
75 Macdonald to Gray, March 24, 1865. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG24-A. Vol. 510.
76 Morning News, March 10, 1865. Cited in P.B. Waite, The Life and Times of Confederation, pp. 245–46.
77 Whelan to Galt, December 17, 1864. Cited in W.G. Ormsby, “Letters to Galt concerning the Maritime Provinces and Confederation,” p. 167.
78 Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 362.
CHAPTER SIX: JOHN A. MACDONALD: THE INDISPENSABLE MAN
1 Potter to Seward, April 24, 1865. Cited in Anthony S. Pitch, They Have Killed Papa Dead!, pp. 171–72.
2 Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus, p. 263.
3 Potter to Seward, April 27, 1865. Cited in Pitch, They Have Killed Papa Dead!, p. 172.
4 Graf P. LeRoy (ed.), The Papers of Andrew Johnson. Vol. 7, p. 544.
5 John Surratt lecture in Rockville Maryland. Washington Evening Star, December 7, 1870.
6 Booth diary. Cited in Kauffman, American Brutus, pp. 399–400.
7 Kauffman, American Brutus, pp. 310, 320.
8 Albert Castel, The Presidency of Andrew Johnson, p. 24.
9 Globe, May 3, 1865.
10 Montreal Gazette, May 6, 1865; and Montreal Evening Telegraph and Daily Commercial Advertiser, May 5, 1865.
11 New York Tribune, May 22, 1865; and Globe, May 20, 1865.
12 New York Tribune, May 22, 1865.
13 Cardwell to Monck, April 15, 1865. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol.161.
14 T.P. Slattery, The Assassination of Thomas D’Arcy McGee, p. 337.
15 Palmerston to Queen Victoria, January 20, 1865. Cited in Brian Jenkins, Fenians and the Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, pp. 41–42.
16 Queen Victoria, Journal. February 12, 1865. Ibid.
17 Cardwell to Arthur, April 12, 1865. LAC. Monck Papers. Reel A-756.
18 Alexander Galt to Anne Galt, May 17, 1865. LAC. Galt Papers. MG27. ID8. Vol. 3.
19 Cardwell to Monck, May 22, 1865. LAC. Monck Papers. Reel A-756.
20 Alexander Galt to Anne Galt, January 14, 1867. LAC. Galt Papers. MG27. ID8. Vol. 3.
21 Macdonald, Cartier, Galt, Brown to Monck, July 12, 1865. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 161.
22 Benn Pitman, The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators, p. 26.
23 Ibid., p. 27.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., pp. 26–28.
26 Ibid., p. 28.
27 Ibid., p. 32.
28 Montreal Evening Telegraph, June 8, 1864.
29 Holt to Stanton, December 15, 1866. Cited in Pitman, The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators, p. 302.
30 New York Herald, August 12, 1866.
31 New York Herald, April 16, 1867.
32 Pitman, The Assassination of President Lincoln and the Trial of the Conspirators, p. 402.
33 Charles Creighton Hazewell, “Assassination,” July 1865. The Atlantic Monthly Presents, Special Commemorative Issue, March, 2012, p. 112.
34 Florence Elizabeth Gibson, The Attitudes of the New York Irish Toward State and National Affairs, p. 186.
35 Irish Canadian, April 17, 1864.
36 Ibid., November 2, 1864.
37 Globe, November 8, 1864.
38 Wilson, Thomas D’Arcy McGee. Vol. 2, p. 285.
39 Ibid., p. 251.
40 Peter Edwards, Delusion, p. 46.
41 McMicken to Macdonald, December 28, 1864. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 236.
42 Jenkins, Fenians and the Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, p. 34.
43 Russell to Monck, December 23,
1864. LAC. Monck Papers. RG7. G1. Vol. 161.
44 Seward to Burnley, March 20, 1865. Cited in Jenkins, Fenians and the Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, p. 39.
45 Edwards, Delusion, p. 248.
46 W.C. Chewett, The Fenian Raid into Canada, pp. 17–18.
47 Sir Arthur Doughty (ed.), The Elgin-Grey Papers, p. 150.
48 Potter to Seward, January 6, 1865. Cited in J.G. Snell, “John F. Potter, Consul General to British North America,” p. 110.
49 Potter to Seward, June 26, 1865; and Seward to Potter, July 5, 1865. Cited in Snell, “John F. Potter,” p. 112.
50 Globe, July 14, 1865.
51 Montreal Gazette, July 15, 1865. Halifax Morning Chronicle, August 1, 1865.
52 Montreal Gazette, July 19, 1865.
53 W.D. Overman (ed.), “Some Letters of Joshua R. Giddings on Reciprocity,” p. 292.
54 Winks, The Civil War Years, p. 166.
55 W.L. Morton. The Critical Years, p. 184.
56 McMicken to Macdonald, September 25, 1865. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 236.
57 New York Herald, October 24, 1865.
58 Tilley to Macdonald, September 13, 1965. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 51.
59 Creighton, John A. Macdonald. Vol. 1, p. 425.
60 Moore, 1867, p. 184.
61 London Free Press, November 9, 1965.
62 Macdonald to Brydges, November 14, 1865. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 512.
63 Edwards, Delusion, p. 249.
64 Globe, January 29, 1866.
65 New York Times, February 27, 1866.
66 Bruce to Clarendon, April 17, 1866. Cited in Jenkins, Fenians and the Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, p. 129.
67 Elisabeth Batt, Monck, p. 133.
68 Adams to Seward, February 22, 1866. Cited in Jenkins, Fenians and the Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, p. 90.
69 Seward to Adams, March 22, 1866. Cited in Jenkins, Fenians and the Anglo-American Relations during Reconstruction, p. 101.
70 McMicken to Macdonald, March 12, 1866. LAC. Macdonald Papers. MG26-A. Vol. 237.
71 Monck to Cardwell, March 9. 1866. LAC. Monck Papers. MG7. IB2. Vol. 1.
72 Monck to Cardwell, March 15, 1866. LAC. Monck Papers. MG27. IB2. Vol. 1.
73 Slattery, The Assassination of Thomas D’Arcy McGee, p. 300.
74 Globe, March 30, 1866.
75 W.S. Neidhardt, Fenianism in North America, p. 43.
76 Ibid., p. 44.
77 New York Times, May 30, 1866.
78 Monck to Williams, April 4, 1866. LAC. Monck Papers. MG27. IB2. Vol. 1.
