[690] Fred A. Cazel, Jr., ‘The Fifteenth of 1225’, xxxiv (1961), p. 70.
[691] S. K. Mitchell, Taxation in Medieval England (New Haven, 1951), p. 358.
[692] Ministers’ Accounts of the Earldom of Cornwall, 1296-1297, ed. L. Margaret Midgley, i (Camden Soc., 3rd ser., lxvi, 1942), pp. 17, 21.
[693] Chron. Langtoft, ii, p. 214.
[694] Anglo-Norman Political Songs, ed. I. S. T. Aspin (Anglo-Norman Text Soc., 1953), p. 109.
[695] A Lincolnshire Assize Roll for 1298, ed. Thomson, p. xlix.
[696] A Suffolk Hundred in the year 1283, ed. E. Powell (Cambridge, 1910), pp. xvi-xviii.
[697] Annales Monastici, iii, pp. 387-8.
[698] Queen’s College, Oxford, MSS, Rolls, 181 (Deposited in the Bodleian Library).
[699] Chronicon Abbatiae Rameseiensis, ed. W. D. Macray (Rolls Series, 1886), pp. 379, 380-1, 387, 393, 399-400.
[700] Historical Papers and Letters from the Northern Registers, ed J. Raine (Rolls Series, 1873), pp. 145, 151.
[701] Liber Memorandorum Ecclesie de Bernewelle, ed. J. W. Clark (Cambridge, 1907), p. 191.
[702] M. C. Prestwich, ‘Edward I’s Monetary Policies and their Consequences’, Ec.H.R., 2nd ser., xxii (1969), pp. 406-16.
[703] Tout, Chapters, vi, p. 80.
[704] W. H. Blaauw, The Barons’ War (London, 1843), appendix, pp. 1-2; C. V. Langlois, ‘Project for taxation presented to Edward I’, E.H.R., iv (1889), pp. 517-21.
[705] Powicke, The Thirteenth Century, pp. 619-30; E. Power, The Wool Trade in English Medieval History (Oxford, 1941), pp. 75-7.
[706] E. 372/124; E. 372/143.
[707] E. 159/68, m. 82.
[708] E. 372/145, mm. 30-1; E. 372/146, m. 36; E. 372/149, mm. 38-41; E. 122/124/2, 3.
[709] J. de Sturler, Les relations politiques et les échanges commerciaux entre le duché de Brabant et l’Angleterre au moyen âge (Paris, 1936), pp. 184-5; ‘Deux comptes “enrôlés” de Robert de Segre’, Bull de la Comm. Royale d’Hist., cxxv (1959), p. 593; E. B. Fryde, ‘Financial Resources of Edward I in the Netherlands, 1294-1298’, Revue Belge, xl (1962), p. 1182.
[710] G. O. Sayles, ‘The Seizure of Wool at Easter 1297’, E.H.R., lxvii (1952), pp. 543-7; E. 159/70, m. 42d, 115.
[711] C.P.R., 1292-1301, pp. 299-300, 310-11, 321-3, 332, 335.
[712] E. 372/152b; de Sturler’s calculation in op. cit., pp. 193-4, comes to twenty less sacks than mine.
[713] Fryde, op. cit., p. 1185.
[714] J. E. Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, i (Oxford, 1866), pp. 372, 386-94.
[715] C.P.R., 1292-1301, pp. 310-11, 321-3, 332, 335.
[716] E. M. Carus-Wilson and Olive Coleman, England’s Export Trade, 1275-1547 (Oxford, 1963), pp. 38-41.
[717] E. 372/145, mm. 30-1; E. 372/146, m. 36; E. 372/149, mm. 38-41; E. 356/2.
[718] Infra, p. 268.
[719] E. 356/2.
[720] I have discussed these questions more fully in my article, ‘Edward I’s Monetary Policies and their Consequences’, Ec.H.R … 2nd ser., xxii (1969), pp. 406-16.
[721] H. G. Richardson, The English Jewry under the Angevin Kings (London, 1960), pp. 217-20.
[722] E. 372/124.
[723] C.P.R., 1266-72, p. 545.
[724] Richardson, op. cit., pp. 214-16, 225-30; P. Elman, ‘The Economic Causes of the Expulsion of the Jews in 1290’, Ec.H.R., vii (1936), p. 154; Vincent, Lancashire Lay Subsidies, i, p. 171.
[725] C. Roth, A History of the Jews in England (Oxford, 1941), p. 65; Denholm-Young, Richard of Cornwall, p. 143.
[726] Richardson, op. cit., pp. 224-5.
[727] Roth, op. cit., pp. 70-1.
[728] Select Pleas, Starrs and other Records, ed. J. M. Rigg (Selden Soc., xv, 1902), p. 85.
[729] ‘Annales de Waverleia’, in Annales Monastici, ii, p. 409.
[730] Acta Sanctorsun, Octobris, ed. J. Bollandus, i (Paris, Rome, 1866), pp. 547-8, 560.
[731] Powicke, The Thirteenth Century, pp. 282-3.
[732] State Trials of the Reign of Edward the First, 1289-1293, ed. T. F. Tout and H. Johnstone (Camden Soc., 3rd ser., ix, 1906), pp. xxix-xxx, xxxvi- xxxviii, and passim.
[733] Denholm-Young, Seignorial Administration, pp. 83-4.
[734] Chron. Cotton, p. 173; ‘Annales de Oseneia’, in Annales Monastici, iv, pp. 321-2.
[735] The Mirror of Justices, ed. W. J. Whittaker, introduction by F. W. Maitland (Selden Soc., vii, 1895), pp. 166-70.
[736] M. H. Mills, ‘Exchequer Agenda and Estimate of Revenue, Easter Term 1284’, E.H.R., xl (1925), pp. 229-34.
[737] Supra, p. 94, n. 3; Stevenson, Documents, ii, pp. 20-I.
[738] Supra, pp. 177-8; E. 159/75, m. 10.
[739] Rôles Gascons, iii, p. 357.
[740] The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, iii, ed. M. M. Postan, E. E. Rich, Edward Miller (Cambridge, 1963), p. 454.
[741] C.P.R., 1272-81, p. 132.
[742] G. Bigwood, ‘Un marché de matières premières: laines d’Angleterre et marchands Italiens vers le fin du xiiie siècle’, Annales d’histoire économique et sociale, 2e année, 6 (1930), p. 201; E. 159/68, mm. 86-9.
[743] Bigwood, op. cit., p. 204.
[744] Denholm-Young, Seignorial Administration, p. 64.
[745] E. 101/126/12, 28.
[746] Beardwood, ‘The Trial of Walter Langton’, Trans. American Phil. Soc., n.s., liv, part 3 (1964), p. 27.
[747] E. 159/71, m. 23.
[748] E. 101/126/1.
[749] Tout, Chapters, ii, pp. 112-13.
[750] Ibid., 29.
[751] Supra, p. 207.
[752] E. A. Bond, ‘Extracts from the Liberate Rolls relative to loans supplied by Italian merchants in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries’, Archaeologia, xxviii (1840), pp. 280-1.
[753] E. 372/130.
[754] Supra, p. 161.
[755] E. 101/126/1; E. 372/123, 124, 125, 133, 134, 143; Cambridge Economic History of Europe, iii, pp. 456-7. The figure given there of receipts of £97,000 from the fifteenth must be a misprint for £57,000.
[756] Book of Prests, ed. Fryde, p. li; E. 159/68, mm. 64, 82d, 84.
[757] Bond, op. cit., pp. 284-90.
[758] E. 159/68, mm. 87-9.
[759] De Sturler, ‘Deux comptes “enrôlés” de Robert de Segre’, Bull. de la comm. royale d’hist., cxxv (1959), pp. 594-7; Fryde, ‘Financial Resources of Edward I in the Netherlands, 1294-1298’, Revue Belge, xl (1962), p. 1176, n. 1; E. 372/146; E. 405/1/10; E. 101/684/22/7-16; E. 122/223/16; E. 122/224/15, 24, 279, 288; E. 159/70, m. 105.
[760] E. 163/2/9.
[761] E. 372/146; E. 122/55/5; E. 101/126/13/3; E. 101/126/11; E. 405/1/11. My figures differ in some particulars from those given by Fryde, op. cit., p. 1176.
[762] Fryde, op. cit., p. 1177.
[763] E. 101/353/21; E. 372/152b; E. 159/71 m. 49; E. 403/112.
[764] Bond, op. cit., pp. 284-90.
[765] R. J. Whitwell, ‘Italian Bankers and the English Crown’, T.R.H.S., n.s. xvii (1903), p. 198.
[766] C. Johnson, ‘A Financial House in the Fourteenth Century’, Trans. St. Albans and Herts. Architectural and Archaeological Soc., i (1901), p. 332.
[767] Whitwell, op. cit., p. 198; E. 101/126/11; E. 101/126/13/3; E. 101/126/15, 21; E. 372/154.
[768] E. 372/154. I have discussed these accounts in much more detail in my thesis, ‘Edward I’s Wars and their Financing, 1294-1307’.
[769] C.P.R., 1301-7, p. 395.
[770] E. 13/25, mm. 27, 47d; Select Cases in the Exchequer of Pleas, ed. Jenkinson and Formoy (Selden Soc., xlviii), pp. xcix, cxii-cxiii.
[771] E. 159/79, m. 34d.
[772] C.P.R., 1307-13, pp. 152, 294, 321, 305.
[773] E. 372/158.
[774] E. 101/127/23.
[775] E. 101/127/7.
[776] E. 372/145, m. 30.
[777] E. 372/152B.
[778] E. 372/130.
[779] E. 372/136.
[780] Howell
, Regalian Right in Medieval England, p. 160. It is an interesting reflection on the state of the royal finances at the end of the reign that it was not until 1299 that revenue from episcopal vacancies was pledged in advance in this way.
[781] C.P.R., 1292-1301, p. 596; E. 159/80, m. 20.
[782] The chroniclers do not agree on the date. Chron. Cotton, p. 238, has 27 June, Chron. Guisborough, p. 248, has 4 July, while Flores Historiarum, iii, p. 274, gives II July.
[783] Book of Prests, ed. Fryde, p. li.
[784] Powicke, The Thirteenth Century, pp. 670-1; M. C. Prestwich, ‘Edward I’s Monetary Policies and their Consequences’, Ec.H.R., 2nd ser., xxii (1969), pp. 410-11.
[785] Select Cases before the King’s Council 1243-1482, ed. I. S. Leadam and J. F. Balwin (Selden Soc., xxxv, 1918), pp. li- lvi.
[786] Rot. Parl., i, p. 165.
[787] E. 403/1322.
[788] C.P.R., 1292-1301, p. 226.
[789] Bond, ‘Extracts from the Liberate Rolls’, Archaeologia, xxviii (1840), pp. 286-90.
[790] C.C.R., 1296-1302, p. 463.
[791] E. 101/9/20.
[792] E. 101/126/21.
[793] C.P.R., 1292-1301, p. 595; C.C.R., 1296-1302, pp. 448-9. It is not known how much money was taken.
[794] C.P.R., 1301-7, p. 153.
[795] E. 101/126/23.
[796] C.P.R., 1301-7, pp. 158, 162-3; Lunt, Financial Relations of the Papacy with England to 1327, p. 676.
[797] E. 101/8/4, m. 3.
[798] C.P.R., 1301-7, pp. 399, 433, 459, 536; C.C.R., 1302-7, p. 379.
[799] A good example of Italian accounting methods of this period is Les livres des comptes des Gallerani, ed. G. Bigwood and A. Grunzweig (Acad. Royale de Belgique, Comm. royale d’histoire, 1961-2).
[800] Supra, pp. 206-7.
[801] C. 47/13/1/28.
[802] E. 101/126//21.
[803] C. 47/4/4, f. 41; C.P.R., 1301-7, p. 366.
[804] E. 372/175, Riccardi account.
[805] E. 372/143.
[806] E. 101/127/7; E. 101/364/13, f. 34.
[807] E. 101/676/57/4; E. 101/126/23.
[808] E. 101/676/57/5, C. 47/35/10/10.
[809] Book of Prests, ed. Fryde, pp. 226-7.
[810] E. 101/9/20, p. 4.
[811] E. 101/370/16.
[812] M. C. Prestwich, ‘Exchequer and Wardrobe in the later years of Edward I’, B.I.H.R., forthcoming.
[813] E. 159/75, m. 58d; M. H. Mills, ‘Adventus Vicecomitum, 1272-1307’, E.H.R., xxxviii (1923), p. 340.
[814] E. 159/78, m. 20.
[815] J. F. Willard, ‘Ordinances for the guidance of a Deputy Treasurer, 22 October 1305’, E.H.R., xlviii (1933), pp. 84-9.
[816] E. 372/144; E. 101/354/5.
[817] Tout, Chapters, ii, p. 125.
[818] Bond, op. cit., pp. 247-9; E. 101/373/22. The date of the account showing debts of about 60,000, E. 101/357/15, is indicated by a reference to a Pipe Roll of 18 Edward II on f. 22.
[819] Memoranda de Parliamento, 1305, pp. 49-50, 103-4, 129-30, 169-71.
[820] E. 101/373/22.
[821] E. 175/1/17; E. 101/366/17.
[822] Tout, Chapters, ii, pp. 128-9; E. 159/103, mm. 185, 192d; E. 159/104, mm. 180d, 181, 239; E. 159/105, m. 183d.
[823] Tout, Chapters, ii, pp. 54-8. It does not seem that much was irrevocably lost as a result of the robbery.
[824] Powicke, The Thirteenth Century, p. 528.
[825] K. B. McFarlane, ‘Had Edward I a “Policy” towards the earls?’, History, 1 (1965), p. 159.
[826] H. M. Cam, Liberties and Communities in Medieval England (2nd ed., 1963), P. 175.
[827] D. W. Sutherland, Quo Warranto Proceedings in the reign of Edward I (Oxford, 1963), p. 20.
[828] ibid., pp. 146-7.
[829] Rot. Parl., i, p. 8.
[830] Chron. Guisborough, pp. 216, 259, note j; Cam, op. cit., pp. 176-7.
[831] Sutherland, op. cit., pp. 180-1.
[832] Ibid., pp. 91-9.
[833] Ibid., p. 30.
[834] Ibid., p. 188.
[835] M. T. Clanchy, ‘Did Henry III have a Policy?’ History, liii (1968), pp. 208-210.
[836] Williams, Medieval London, pp. 251-61; J. W. F. Hill, Medieval Lincoln (Cambridge, 1965), p. 213; C.P.R., 1281-92, pp. 41, 178; C.F.R., 1272-1307, pp. 45, 75, 130; E. 159/67, m. 31; E. 159/68, m. 41; E. 159/70, m. 62d.
[837] J. M. W. Bean, The Decline of English Feudalism (Manchester, 1968), pp. 66-79.
[838] Ibid., pp. 79-103.
[839] T. F. T. Plucknett, Legislation of Edward I (Oxford, 1949), pp. 50-76, 131-5.
[840] Burnell’s career has been studied by U. W. Hughes, ‘A Biographical Sketch of Robert Burnell, with materials for his life’ (Oxford University B.Litt. thesis, 1936).
[841] Radulphi de Hengham Summae, ed. W. H. Dunham jr. (Cambridge, 1932), pp. xlviii, lxiv-lxv.
[842] Year Books, 3 Edward II, 1309-10, ed. F. W. Maitland (Selden Soc., xx, 1905), pp. 196-7.
[843] A. J. Otway-Ruthven, ‘The Constitutional Position of the Great Lordships of South Wales’, T.R.H.S., 5th ser., viii (1958), pp. 1-20; J. G. Edwards, ‘The Normans and the Welsh March’, Proc. Brit. Acad., xlii (1956).
[844] An exception was the Herefordshire eyre of 1292; Sutherland, op. cit., p. 114, n. 3.
[845] T. F. T. Plucknett, Legislation of Edward I, p. 30.
[846] Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench under Edward I, vol. ii, ed. G. O. Sayles (Seldon Soc., lvii, 1938), pp. lvii-lviii.
[847] Morris, Welsh Wars, pp. 220-39.
[848] Altschul, A Baronial Family, pp. 274-6; Rot. Parl., i, pp. 42-3, 82-3.
[849] Ibid., i, p. 80; Morris, op. cit., pp. 238-9.
[850] Ibid., p. 238.
[851] Otway-Ruthven, op. cit., p. 19; W. Rees, South Wales and the March, 1284-1415, pp. 49-50.
[852] Rot. Parl., i, p. 45.
[853] Flores Historiarum, iii, p. 101.
[854] Chron. Guisborough, p. 292.
[855] C. M. Fraser, A History of Antony Bek (Oxford, 1957), pp. 176-210; supra, p. 103.
[856] Parl. Writs, i, p. 269.
[857] E. 159/68, mm. 65-6; Book of Prests, ed. Fryde, p. xlviii. The men involved were the earl of Arundel, Roger de Mohaut, Henry de Grey, John de Montfort, William Martin, Robert FitzRoger, Richard de Sutton, William de Vescy, Philip de Kyme, Walter de Huntercombe, Hugo Poinz, Peter Maulay, Edmund Mortimer and William Mortimer.
[858] S.C. 1/17/40.
[859] S.C. 1/17/16.
[860] E. 372/209.
[861] E. 159/79, m. 9d.
[862] E. 159/80, m. 8d.
[863] E. 159/77, m. 4.
[864] E. 159/67, m. 19.
[865] Denholm-Young, Seignorial Administration, p. 64.
[866] Ancient Kalendars and Inventories of the Treasury of the Exchequer, ed. F. Palgrave, i (London, 1836), p. 43.
[867] S.C. 1/17/64, 65.
[868] E. 159/70, m. 23d.
[869] Ibid., m. 8.
[870] E. 101/8/4, m. 2.
[871] C. 81/1699/102.
[872] H. M. Cam, Law-finders and Law-makers (London, 1962), pp. 134-5.
[873] Morris, Welsh Wars, pp. 142-6.
[874] C.P.R., 1281-92, p. 149.
[875] Morris, op. cit. pp. 178, 182, 201; C. V. C.R., 1277-1326, pp. 222, 223,
240, 241, 243, 283; Chron. Guisborough, p. 220.
[876] Cal. Docs. Scot., ii, nos. 1214, 1757, 1771.
[877] Complete Peerage, ed. V. Gibbs et al., xii, pt. ii (1959), pp. 278-9.
[878] D. W. Sutherland, ‘Peytevin v. La Lynde’, Law Quarterly Review, lxxxiii (1967), pp. 527-31.
[879] C.P.R., 1292-1301, p. 491.
[880] E. 368/73, m. 10d.
[881] C.C.R., 1302-7, pp. 432-3.
[882] C.P.R., 1301-7, pp. 430, 469.
[883] For example, Parl. Writs, i, p. 193.
[884] Ibid., p. 15.
[885] A good example is in E. 101/552/4/8. The calendared version, C.P.R., 1292-1301, p. 578, gives n
o impression of the tone of the original writ demanding victuals for the war.
[886] Chron. Cotton, pp. 330-4.
[887] E. 159/70, m. 36.
[888] Powicke, Thirteenth Century, pp. 383-4.
[889] Chron. Langtoft, ii, p. 252.
[890] Chron. Rishanger, p. 445.
[891] Barrow, Robert Bruce, p. 100, n. 2; Chron. Langtoft, ii, p. 300.
[892] E. 372/146, m. 23.
[893] R. S. Loomis, ‘Edward I, Arthurian Enthusiast’, Speculum, xxviii (1953), pp. 114-27.
[894] Chron. Langtoft, ii, p. 368.
[895] Hilda Johnstone, Edward of Caernarvon, 1284-1307, pp. 107-8.
[896] Loomis, op. cit., p. 123.
[897] R. Allen Brown, H. M. Colvin, A. J. Taylor, The History of the King’s Works, i, pp. 369-71.
[898] Denholm-Young, History and Heraldry, pp. 23, n. 4, 127, n. 2.
[899] K. B. McFarlane, ‘Had Edward I a “Policy” towards the earls?’, History, 1 (1965), pp. 151-3.
[900] This is what was thought to be the situation by the writer of an anonymous letter in S.C. 1/48/165.
[901] McFarlane, op. cit., pp. 153-6.
[902] Chron. Rishanger, p. 227.
[903] Rot. Parl., i, p. 211; M. T. Clanchy, ‘The Franchise of Return of Writs’, T.R.H.S., 5th ser., xvii (1967), p. 78.
[904] Chron. Langtoft, ii, p. 296.
[905] Mirror of Justices, pp. 155-6, 166, 175, 179 and passim.
[906] Statutes of the Realm, i, pp. 61-2.
[907] Stubbs, Select Charters, pp. 493-4. The chief critic of the document’s authenticity is Edwards, ‘Confirmatio Cartarum and Baronial Grievances in 1297’, E.H.R., lviii (1943,) pp. 147-71, 273-300. It is defended by Rothwell, ‘The Confirmation of the Charters, 1297’, E.H.R., lx (1945), pp. 300-15.
[908] Supra, p. 237.
[909] Morris, Welsh Wars, p. 155.
[910] Ibid., pp. 250-1; Wardrobe account for 23 Edward I, E. 372/144.
[911] Infra, p. 251.
[912] ‘Extracts from the Memoranda Rolls (L.T.R.) of the Exchequer: 1. The Negotiations preceding the Confirmatio Cartarum (1297 a.d.)’, T.R.H.S., n.s. iii (1886), p. 284.
[913] C. 81/1698/130.
[914] Denholm-Young, Seignorial Administration, pp. 167-8.
[915] C.I.P.M., v, p. 141.
[916] C.Ch.R., 1300-27, p. 31.
[917] Morris, Welsh Wars, pp. 280-2; Parl. Writs, i, p. 56.
[918] Supra, p. 234.
[919] C.P.R., 1292-1301, pp. 40, 312.
[920] Supra, p. 236, n. 2.
[921] Chron. Cotton, p. 331; supra, pp. 84-5.
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